Body Weight Of Animals Research Articles

Antitrypanosomal activity of Argemone mexicana extract and fractions in the animal model of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection

Abstract Background This study investigated the antitrypanosomal activity of Argemone mexicana extract and fractions in the animal model of Trypanosoma brucei brucei infection. Methods The whole plant was cold-macerated with methanol. The liquid–liquid partitioning of the extract with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, butanol, and water produced various fractions of the extract. Infection was established by the inoculation of T. brucei brucei-infected red blood cells in the animals. Treatment with the extract and fractions was done orally for 5 days postinfection at 200 and 400 mg/kg doses. Diminazene aceturate 3.5 mg/kg and 5 mL/kg 10% Tween 80 served as standard and vehicle control, respectively. Parasite load, packed cell volume (PCV), animal body weight, and survival as well as serum liver function enzymes’ activities were also assessed. Results The extract and the n-hexane fraction showed the presence of all the tested phytocompounds except tannins and cardiac glycosides, respectively. The extract showed a reduction in parasitemia while the order of activity for the fractions was n-hexane ≫ water ≫ butanol ≫ ethyl acetate. The n-hexane fraction produced complete protection against parasite-induced mortality just like the reference standard and a higher increase in PCV compared with the reference standard. The extract, n-hexane, and water fractions showed protection against infection-induced liver damage with a significant (P < 0.05) difference when compared to the vehicle control group. Conclusion A. mexicana showed antitrypanosomal activity which may be attributed to the presence of phytocompounds particularly saponins, which were present in the extract and fractions that showed antitrypanosomal activity but absent in fractions that showed no or weak antitrypanosomal activity.

Determination of the effect of an aqueous seed extract of sesbania sesban (l) merr. on the levels of non-enzymic antioxidant status in experimental animals

This study investigates the effect of aqueous extract of seeds of Sesbania Sesban (L) Merr. on the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants such as reduced glutathione and vitamin-C in different organs of experimental animals subjected to inflammation with a standard drug. The experimental animals were induced inflammation with administration of a standard inflammatory drug, Carrageenan and two different concentrations of plant extract viz.150mg/kg body weight and 300mg/kg body weight of experimental animals were administered through oral mode one hour prior to Carrageenan induction. After induction and treatment, the organs such as spleen, thymus and hind paw were removed and was evaluated to test the effect of plant extract on non-enzymatic antioxidant levels in two experimental group of animals from the homogenate sample. The values obtained showed the protective effect of the plant extract in enhancing the levels of both the antioxidants in a dose-dependent manner to a significant level.

Efficacy Evaluation of an Organic Trace Mineral (OTM) Powder Formulation on the Reproductive Performance of Heifers

Nutritional management during gestation is essential for optimizing the efficiency andprofitability of livestock production systems. Changes in maternal nutritional status may lead to such adaptations which can permanently alter the parameters of growth, physiology, and metabolism of offspring. Supplementation of essential trace minerals to pregnant cows, which are inadequate in diet to suffice the health requirement of these animals may enhance progeny performance and their health. This study investigated the impacts of supplementing Organic Trace Mineral (OTM) powder formulation on the reproductive health of heifers. The feeding experiment was performed in the Arvind Dairy Farm, Haryana, India with two groups of 6 pregnant heifer cows each (control: T0 and experimental: T1) between January and September 2022. Both groups were fed rations adjusted with regard to body weight of animals. Group T1 fed OTM at 10 gm/animal/day for 28-days and group T0 was provided access to standard basal diet only. Experimental model investigated reproductive health of heifers for the physical and clinical parameters of estrus exhibition, duration of estrus and conception rate in comparison to controls. Significant improvement observed in the physical and clinical parameters of estrus exhibition in treatment group (T1) compared to control group (T0), higher conception rate in T1 (84%) in comparison to T0 (66%); and improvement in estrus duration in T1 (27 ± 1.53 h) as compared to the T0 (31.5 ± 2.81 h), indicating supplementation of OTM to pregnant heifers has significant influence in improving reproductive health in heifers.

Comparison of two non-linear functions describing the growth of Popielno White and New Zealand White rabbits

The objective of this study was to compare growth curves of Popielno White and New Zealand White rabbits modelled by the von Bertalanffy and Gompertz functions. There were 37 Popielno White (21 males and 16 females) and 55 New Zealand White (28 males and 27 females) rabbits used. The nonlinear regression procedure (NLIN) in the SAS 9.4 software (SAS, 2014) was used for modelling rabbits growth curves from birth to 12th week of age. To see how the process of rabbit growth might run in next weeks, we extrapolated weights of rabbits up to 30th week of age. Six criteria: the mean error, mean squared error, mean absolute error, quotient between the error sum of squares and the observed sum of squares, corrected Akaike Information Criterion and Bayesian Information Criterion were used to compare models. The shape of all curves was sigmoid and both models well fitted to data from birth to 12th week of age, i.e. during interpolation process. The problem with the fit occurred later, during extrapolation process, i.e. when models were used to predict the course of the growth of animals in the next weeks of age. When body weight was extrapolated in later weeks of rabbits life, we noticed slightly worse fitting of von Bertalanffy model and overestimation of the asymptotic body weight of animals. To predict the further course of rabbit growth in practice, the Gompertz function would be a better choice. Additionally the Gompertz model could be a helpful tool for breeders to describe growth process of rabbits and to select a more economically profitable breed.

FEEDING RESPONSE OF MORINGA OLEIFERA FRESH LEAVES ON BODY WEIGHT MILK PRODUCTION AND COMPOSITION IN BUFFALOES

Current study was designed during 2019-2020 at Agricultural Research Farm, Agronomy (Fodder Production) Section, Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan with main objective to evaluate the varying supplementary dietary levels of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves for optimum production in Nili-Ravi buffaloes. A trial of 9 buffaloes was selected having 3-4 parity and were divided into 3 groups: A, B and C. Buffaloes in group A, B and C were supplementary fed 2 kg, 3 kg and 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day for one week each. The influence of Moringa oleifera fresh leaves was studies on following parameters: animal weight gain, milk yield and milk composition. The collected data were analyzed statistically. The result of this study indicated that optimum weight gain was found in the animals supplementarily fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day and average body weight of animals increased from 669, 503 and 644 kg to 678, 507 and 651 kg in group A, B and C, respectively. Similarly animals fed 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves per day yielded optimum milk production as compared to other groups of animals wherein average milk yield was increased from 5.05, 6.50 and 5.45 liters to 5.6, 6.7 and 5.9 liters in group A, B and C, respectively. Total solids in the milk were also increased in the treatment where 4 kg Moringa oleifera fresh leaves were fed to animals per day where fat % increased from 6.5, 6.9 and 6.8 to 6.8, 7.0 and 6.9, Crude protein % from 4.72, 4.5 and 4.51 to 4.81, 4.64 and 4.6 % and calcium % increased from 0.112, 0.117 and 0.101 to 0.13, 0.129 and 0.116 in group A, B and C, respectively. It was concluded that in addition to all other feeding requirements, 4 kg dietary Moringa oleifera fresh leaves might affect the body weight and production performance of Nili-Ravi buffaloes positively without any ill effects on milk aroma and appearance.

Uji Aktivitas Infusa Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga Valeton and Zijp) sebagai Anti Inflamasi

Non-Steroid Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs that are often used by the public, either to relieve pain or swelling. The use of NSAIDs without proper references followed by high consumption intensity often shows side effects that arise, such as stomach pain, or more fatal results, such as gastric bleeding, chronic kidney disorders, to cardiovascular diseases. Not relying on synthetic drugs, empirically, people consume boiled water from the temu mangga rhizome to treat the inflammation or swelling they experience. The purpose of this study was to scientifically prove the anti-inflammatory activity of the temu mangga rhizome’s infusion, with macroscopic parameters such as edema volume and microscopic anti-inflammatory activity observed from plasma membrane stabilization. The research method was experimental by dividing the preparation into three doses, namely 90 mg, 180 mg, and 360 mg per 200 grams of body weight of test animals in the form of male rats (Rattus norvegicus). The results showed that the test animals' dose of 360 mg/200 gram body weight had the best effectiveness.

Evaluation of Acute Oral Toxicity of the Emblica officinalis Phytosome Formulation in Wistar Rats

Emblica officinalis, commonly known as amla, belongs to the Euphorbiaceae family. The herbal medicine phytosome was used to create a novel drug delivery system to extract E. officinalis fruit. E. officinalis fruit extract phytosome (EOP) formulation was tested for toxicity, and the LD50 cut-off value was determined using female wistar rats weighing 95 to 105 g. Acute toxicity testing was performed on a total of 12 female wistar rats, with three rats in each of the four groups as per 423 organisation for economic co-operation and development (OECD) guidelines. A single oral dose of the EOP formulation at 300, 300, 2000, and 2000 mg/kg body weight was administered to groups I, II, III, and IV. For 14 days, we monitored all of the animals to see if any of them died, developed any clinical symptoms, or put on any significant weight. There were no fatalities among the animals, and notable distinctions between the two groups were not found in terms of observed clinical symptoms or animal body weight. At the time of the gross necropsy, no abnormalities were discovered. The phytosome (EOP) formulation of E. officinalis has been shown to be non-lethal and tolerable at 2000 mg/kg bw. 5000 mg (mg/kg) of LD50 were selected for this investigation.

Editorial

Welcome to the inaugural volume and first issue of Perspectives in Animal Health and Welfare. This journal was established to provide an opportunity for the publication of outputs by, and for, veterinary nurses, veterinary technicians and allied veterinary professionals. The scope of the journal is broad, with a multi-disciplinary approach – we are interested in publishing papers in the areas of animal disease, parasitology, nutrition, behaviour, anaesthesia and analgesia, breeding and reproduction, One Health, and social sciences related to the veterinary industry. In this first issue, Hannah Sadler, Laura Harvey and Lauren Prior present their research into bullying in the veterinary industry, showing that bullying is a significant concern within the sector in Aotearoa. Meanwhile, Kristie Cameron, Lewis Bizo and Nicola Starkey investigate the impact of long-term free-feeding on the bodyweight of animals in use for operant experiments.

Significance of the liver arginase activity and nitrogen monoxide in the detoxification processes and development of oxidative stress in rats under alcoholic intoxication of different severity

Modern medicine faces the problem of the steady growth of alcoholic pathology. And as you know, morbidity and mortality with regular consumption of alcoholic beverages is associated with the toxic effects of ethanol on the most important human organs and, first of all, the liver. To date, a sufficient number of facts have accumulated indicating the importance of liver arginase and nitrogen monoxide (NO) in vital processes in health and disease.The aim of the study was to elucidate the significance of liver arginase activity and nitrogen monoxide in the detoxification processes and the development of oxidative stress in rats with chronic ethanol intoxication of different severity.In experiments on rats using modern physiological, biochemical research methods and a pharmacological approach, it was found that liver arginase and nitrogen monoxide participate in changes in liver detoxification function and the development of oxidative stress induced by chronic ethanol intoxication. The direction and severity of changes in arginase activity and liver detoxification function during chronic alcoholism depends on the severity of chronic alcohol intoxication. Under the influence of daily intragastric administration for 60 days, a 30 % aqueous solution of ethanol (3.5 g 92 % ethanol per kg of body weight) in animals under conditions of development of oxidative stress inhibited the activity of liver arginase and detoxification function but and the introduction of a 10 % aqueous solution of ethanol (1.0 g 92 % ethanol per kg of body weight) within 2 months leads to an increase in the activity of liver arginase and detoxification processes. The action in the body of the NO-synthase blocker methyl ester NG-nitro-L-arginine weakens, and the arginase inhibitor Nω-hydroxy-nor-L-arginine contributes to the development of characteristic changes in the processes of detoxification and lipid peroxidation in the liver during chronic alcohol intoxication caused by intragastric the introduction of ethanol at a dose of 3.5 g/kg for 60 days.

MLN4924 Treatment Diminishes Excessive Lipid Storage in High-Fat Diet-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) by Stimulating Hepatic Mitochondrial Fatty Acid Oxidation and Lipid Metabolites.

MLN4924 is a selective neddylation inhibitor that has shown great potential in treating several cancer and metabolic diseases, including obesity. However, it remains largely unknown whether MLN4924 has similar effect on non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD), which is closely associated with metabolic disorders. Here, we investigated the role of MLN4924 in NAFLD treatment and the underlying mechanism of the action using primary hepatocytes stimulated with free fatty acid, as well as high-fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD mouse models. We found that MLN4924 can inhibit the accumulation of lipid and reduce the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), a key player in adipocyte differentiation and function in both in vivo and in vitro models. Moreover, we verified its important role in decreasing the synthesis and accumulation of fat in the liver, thus mitigating the development of NAFLD in the mouse model. The body weight and fat mass in MLN4924-treated animals were significantly reduced compared to the control group, while the metabolic activity, including O2 consumption, CO2 and heat production, also increased in these animals. Importantly, we demonstrated for the first time that MLN4924 can markedly boost mitochondrial fat acid oxidation (FAO) to alter liver lipid metabolism. Finally, we compared the metabolites between MLN4924-treated and untreated Huh7 cells after fatty acid induction using lipidomics methods and techniques. We found induction of several metabolites in the treated cells, including Beta-guanidinopropionic acid (b-GPA) and Fluphenazine, which was in accordance with the increase of FAO and metabolism. Together, our study provided a link between neddylation modification and energy metabolism, as well as evidence for targeting neddylation as an emerging therapeutic approach to tackle NAFLD.

The immune status of the organism of bulls under cadmium load and the effects of correcting factors

Man-made pollution of the environment through food chains has a significant impact on animal productivity and product quality. The studied environmental pollutant, cadmium, is classified as an extremely dangerous heavy metal. That is why the study of the effect of this toxicant on the immune system of the body of young cattle and the development of its correction is relevant. Research in this direction is relevant and has significant prospects. The experiments were carried out on six-month-old bulls, a Ukrainian black-and-white dairy breed. The bulls were subjected to a cadmium load by feeding cadmium chloride with feed at a dose of 0.04 mg/kg of animal body weight. It has been established that the cadmium load in bulls had an immunosuppressive effect on the activity of the immune system, which indicates a decrease in the indicators of humoral and nonspecific parts of the immune defense. To prevent the development of chronic cadmium toxicosis, experimental animals were given the feed additive Metisevit at a dose of 0.36 g/kg of feed and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit at a dose of 5 ml per animal. These preparations contributed to an increase in nonspecific resistance, in particular, an increase in the bactericidal and lysozyme activity of blood serum, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index with a simultaneous decrease in the level of circulating immune complexes in their blood. Under the experimental cadmium load, the best effect on the immune defense of the organism of bulls was exerted by the combined use of the feed additive Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit. These changes in the body of young cattle are associated with the complex action of both the components of the feed additive and the liposomal preparation. The liposomal form of Butaintervit has a more pronounced and lasting effect. Metisevit and the liposomal preparation Butaintervit complement the prescribed therapy and, when used together with a cadmium load, show high therapeutic efficacy

Preventive effect of the drug Santomectin against psoroptosis of sheep in the plain zone of the Republic of Dagestan

Relevance. Psoroptosis of sheep and goats is a chronic disease caused by the Psoroptes ovis, occurring in a subacute, acute, chronic, sometimes generalized form. It is characterized by a lesion in sheep and goats of thick-haired parts of the body, in goats — sometimes the auriclesIn view of the above, the determination of the most cost-effective modern broad-spectrum acaricidal and antiparasitic agents in the conditions of the Caspian region of the Russian Federation is an urgent task.Мethods. The prophylactic effect of the antiparasitic drugs Santomectin and Ivermek was studied on 90 animals, divided into 2 experimental groups and one control group. Animals of the first group were injected with the drug Ivermek (ivermectin — 10 mg and tocopherol acetate — vitamin E — 40 mg) once, at a dosage of 1 ml of the drug per 50 kg of body weight of the animal. The second group was administered Santomectin (1 ml of the preparation contains 5 mg of ivermectin and 125 mg of closantel). Santomectin was injected into the subscapular region intramuscularly, once, at a dose of 1 ml of the drug per 50 kg of animal body weight. The third control group was not treated with chemoprophylactic drugs. Animals were observed for 30 days.Results. The data obtained in the course of production experiments on the effect of the acaricidal activity of the preparations indicate that the use of the Santomectin preparation with a single injection with an active substance concentration of 0.1 mg ivermectin per 1 kg of live weight gives a preventive effect against Psoroptes ovis by 16.7% higher than the use of the drug “Ivermek” at a concentration of 200 µg of ivermectin per 1 kg of live weight.

EVALUATION OF THE EFFECT OF VINCANIN HYDROCHLORIDE AND ITS DERIVATIVES ON BLOOD PRESSURE AND RESPIRATION UNDER EXPERIMENTAL CONDITIONS

At the Yunusov Institute of Plant Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, a number of scientists conducted extensive pharmaco-toxicological studies to study the biological activity of vincane hydrochloride and its derivatives. Based on these studies, a number of studies were conducted not only on the special pharmacological activity of the substances studied, but also on their effects on organs and systems, including respiration and blood pressure. Based on the conducted studies, it was found that in acute experiments on cats, vincanin hydrochloride and derivatives in doses of 0.3 – 5.0 showed a tendency to increase blood pressure and somewhat increased breathing. However, at higher doses, tonic clonic seizures occurred, leading to the death of experimental animals. This requires the use of these substances in very small doses, as far as possible, in order to achieve a therapeutic effect. In studies of changes in the body weight of experimental animals in dynamics, vincanin hydrochloride and pyrosaline chloride did not have a negative effect on the ratio between the control group, although they slightly changed the weight of animals, while pyrosaline iodomethylate did not have a negative effect on the change in body weight of experimental animals in dynamics compared with vincanin hydrochloride and pyrosaline chloride.

Crystalline xylitol production from corncob biomass with oral toxicity analysis

Xylitol, a five-carbon sugar alcohol, has a steady global market and finds application as a natural sugar substitute in various food and confectionery products. Biocatalytic xylitol production, although touted as a greener alternative to conventional chemical catalysis, suffers from certain challenges, the primary being high cost of production. This study demonstrates a process for food-grade xylitol production from corncob biomass with energy reduction through two major process modifications. A non-conventional fermentation strategy was adopted whereby adjusting aeration without agitation, xylitol with high yield (0.86 ± 0.015 g/g), and productivity (0.74 gL-1h-1) could be produced by a GRAS Pichia caribbica MTCC 5703 strain. Xylitol was recovered from the broth in the form of crystals using a combination of membrane-based filtration and crystallization. The crystals demonstrated ~98 % purity when quantified with 1H NMR. Oral toxicity analysis of the crystals demonstrated no adverse effect in female Winstar rats (at a loading of 2000 mg/kg body weight of animals). Overall process statistics showed that 0.584 kg of food-grade xylitol crystals could be produced from 3.5 kg of corncob biomass. The two-process modifications during fermentation and xylitol recovery enabled an energy saving of ~20.842 kW/kg of crystals, providing tremendous advantages for biorefinery-based large-scale xylitol production from corncob biomass.

Peculiarities of the postnatal physical development of the offspring of rats treated with aqueous plant extracts as an additional load

Rats are attractive for various kinds of experiments aimed at studying the effect of substances on metabolism and other components of homeostasis. The use of biologically active substances of natural origin offers great opportunities for modulation of physiological processes in the body, increases the body's resistance, facilitates the clinical course of many environmentally caused diseases and has virtually no negative side effects. Purpose of the study: to study the peculiarities of postnatal physical development of the offspring of rats receiving intragastric aqueous plant extracts as an additional load. The experiment was carried out on sexually mature rats (50 females and 15 males), which were divided into 5 groups of 13 rats each. The groups received various compositions of aqueous plant extracts daily for 30 days at a dose of 30 mg/100 g of animal body weight. The animals were then mated, and the offspring were obtained and subjected to examination. Conclusion: loading rats with aqueous plant extracts promotes intensification of the postnatal physical development of the offspring, and the greatest efficiency is observed when using a mixture of aqueous extracts of Centella asiatica and Ginkgo biloba, rather than when using them separately.

Evaluation of the Effect of Phyto-Adaptogens on the Performance Capability of Outbred Female Mice

The effect of Eleutherococcus senticosus, Rhaponticum carthamoides and Schisandra chinensis extracts in doses of 10, 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg were studied. The actoprotective activity the studied adaptogens was assessed on outbred female mice in a forced swim test with a load of 10% of the animal's body weight. Dry extracts of Eleutherococcus senticosus (50 mg/kg), Rhaponticum carthamoides (10 mg/kg) and Schisandra chinensis (25 mg/kg) were found to exhibit the most pronounced actoprotective activity.

Morphometric parameters of sinusoidal capillaries, interlobular veins and interlobular arteries at different stages of experimental liver fibrosis

The aim of the study was to conduct a morphometric analysis of sinusoidal capillaries, interlobular veins and interlobular arteries of the liver at different stages of experimental fibrosis in order to investigate relationship between fibrogenesis and angiogenesis and identify new therapeutic targets. Material and methods. The study included male Wistar rats. Liver fibrosis with transformation into cirrhosis was induced with a solution of thioacetamide, which was injected into the stomach, dosage 200 mg/kg of animal body weight, using a probe 2 times a week. The rats of the experimental groups were withdrawn from the experiment in 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, 15, and 17 weeks, and the intact ones - at the end of the experiment. To identify connective tissue, liver sections were stained according to the Mallory method. Immunohistochemical examination was performed on paraffin sections using a monoclonal mouse antibody to CD31. The number of sinusoidal capillaries, interlobular arteries, and interlobular veins was counted in three non-overlapping fields of view of each histological section using an OLYMPUS BX51 microscope at a 40× objective magnification. Results. The results obtained supported a statistically significant decreased number of sinusoidal capillaries (p=0,0000) and an increased number of interlobular veins (p=0,0000) in animals of the experimental group compared with the control group. There were no differences in the number of interlobular arteries (p=0,9999). Pronounced angiogenesis in the portal zones and connective tissue septa was associated with an increased amount of the connective tissue during liver fibrogenesis. Conclusion. In the future, angiogenesis modulation should be differentiated and directed towards antifibrotic, anti-inflammatory or autoimmune therapy in chronic liver diseases.

Coupled biophysical and decision-making processes in grassland systems in East African savannahs – A modelling framework

Increasing livestock densities on limited grazing areas in African savannahs lead to resource degradation through overgrazing, aggravated by drought. Assessing herd management strategies over longer periods at landscape scale is important to propose options for sustainable land use. This requires an understanding of processes related to hydrology, nutrient cycling, herd movement, pasture degradation, and animal resilience that involve dynamic soil-plant-animal interactions and human decisions about stocking rates, livestock purchases and sales.We present the coupled model system MPMAS-LUCIA-LIVSIM (MLL), the combination of a spatially explicit agent-based model for human decision-making (MPMAS), a spatially distributed landscape model for water flows, nutrient cycles and plant growth (LUCIA), and a herd model (LIVSIM) representing grazing, body weight, nutrition and excreta of individual animals. MLL represents daily vegetation growth in response to grazing and organic inputs, monthly animal performance influenced by forage availability and quality, and herders’ management in response to resource status. New modules for selective grazing, resprouting of pasture, herd movement and model coupling were developed for MLL.The test case of a pastoral system in the Ethiopian Borana region demonstrates the capabilities of MLL to simulate key soil-plant-animal-human interactions under climate-related management scenarios with varying access to grazing land, changing cattle prices and different spending / saving behaviour of herders. 20-year simulations showed the negative impact of consecutive drought years on vegetation biomass, on herd development and movement and how reserving grazing areas for dry seasons could mitigate overgrazing and improve income. Seasonality and drought response of vegetation growth, selective grazing of different plant parts, resprouting after grazing, calving intervals, milk yields and lactation in response to forage supply and quality as well as herder reactions to shocks were plausibly represented.Building upon this successful proof-of-concept, MLL can be used to identify robust management options for improved grazing systems in savannahs in follow-up research.

Effect of slaughter weight and feeding system on some meat Quality and palatability of hamdani lamb carcasses

This study was conducted on hamdani lambs to compare two systems of feeding , The first system was ad libitum feeding on concentrate ration and the second system was grazing on pasture with supplementation of concentrate ration as in the first system at 1.5 % of animal body weight in order to reach two slaughter weight 35kg and 45kg . The results of this study showed significant increase( p< 0.05 ) in muscular and bone tissue percentages as well as in moisture, protein and ash percentages in lamb carcasses with tail fat for the second system , while increasing slaughter weight from 35kg to 45kg caused significant decreas( p< 0.05 ) in muscular and bone tissue also moisture percentage and significant increase ( p< 0.05 ) in fat tissue percentage and fat percentage in lamb cacasses with tail fat . Study did not show any affectivness in palatability of meat by the factors above .So we sow some improvement in meat quality characters in the second feeding system and no benefit in meat quality by increasing slaughter weight for 45kg .

Comparative assessment of various methods of studying the skin toxicity of a wound-healing drug

The article presents the results of studying the subacute skin toxicity of a wound-healing cream based on betamethasone dipropionate, gentamicin sulfate, and clotrimazole. According to the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD No. 410), the research was conducted using the classic method. When studying the effect of a wound-healing agent on the body of animals during long-term 28-day dermal application by the classical method in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups, which received the drug in a dose of 0.5, 2.5, and 5 ml/kg body weight; respectively no significant changes were found in the body weight of the animals and the weight coefficients of the liver, heart, spleen, kidneys, and lungs. At the same time, in the animals of the II and III research groups, a slight increase in the concentration of hemoglobin was noted, respectively, by 1.3 and 3.9 %, the level of urea – 5.3 and 11.2 %, the activity of AST – 9.8 and 14.9 % compared to the indicators of animals of the control group. In these groups, there was a decrease in total protein concentration by 5.5 and 6.8 %, creatinine level by 3.1 and 5.3 %, and ALT activity by 6.5 and 9.7 %. The studies conducted according to the OECD No. 410 make it possible to obtain more informative data on the toxic effect of the investigated agent. In particular, it was established that the use of the researched drug in animals of the I, II, and III experimental groups caused a decrease in the weight coefficients of the spleen mass, respectively, by 19.1 (Р < 0.05), 22.4 (Р < 0.05) and 28.3 % (P < 0.05), hearts – 3.6, 4.6 and 7.7 %, kidneys – 4.9, 6.5 and 10.4 % and animal body weight – 4.5, 5.4 and 6.4 %, hemoglobin concentrations – 2.6, 2.9 and 4.4 %, leukocyte counts – 21.4, 16.1 and 15.1 %, hematocrit values – 1.9, 3, 6 and 4.0 %. The average hemoglobin content in the erythrocyte (MSN) also decreased by 8.3, 6.9, and 5.1 %, and the average erythrocyte (MCV) volume was 5.0, 4.7, and 1.7 %. In addition, an increase in weight coefficients of liver mass was established by 10.8 (P < 0.05), 11.8 (P < 0.05), and 15.6 % (P < 0.05). When studying the effect of the researched agent during 28-day dermal application on biochemical indicators of blood serum in animals of the first experimental group, a decrease in the concentration of total protein by 5.8 % was established. Under these conditions, an increase in creatinine level, urea level, ALT, and AST was established, respectively, by 6.2, 18.8 (P < 0.05), 3.8, and 14.7 % (P < 0.05). It should be noted that the use of the researched product in animals of the II and III experimental groups caused an increase in the level of urea, respectively, by 28.6 and 35.7 % (Р < 0.05), creatinine by 8.4 and 3.5 %, AST – 16.4 (P < 0.05) and 11.3 % and the activity of ALT – 8.5 and 11.0 %.