Anglo-Saxon Model Research Articles

Qu’en est-il de l’annonce du diagnostic de schizophrénie aujourd’hui en France ?

Resume Le bien-fonde de l’annonce du diagnostic de schizophrenie a longtemps fait debat. Cependant, depuis l’aube des annees 2000, differentes evolutions du contexte social et legislatif, doublees de changements majeurs dans les pratiques d’acces a l’information – notamment grâce au developpement d’Internet – ont semble devoir militer pour une annonce quasi-systematique. Notre recherche tente d’evaluer ou en sont les pratiques en la matiere, a travers une revue de litterature nationale et internationale. Nos resultats montrent qu’il existe de nombreuses informations sur l’annonce du diagnostic au plan international, revelant sur ce point une specificite de la pathologie schizophrenique, qui reste moins souvent annoncee que d’autres maladies, et avec plus de difficulte. La complexite de cette annonce a conduit certaines equipes a s’inspirer de travaux effectues dans le cadre d’autres maladies graves pour etablir des recommandations, des protocoles et meme des programmes de formation, qui sont en cours d’experimentation. Sur le plan national, nous avons note une absence d’informations recentes, les dernieres donnees disponibles ayant etabli une plus grande reticence a informer les patients de leur diagnostic que dans le monde anglo-saxon, malgre des benefices prouves de l’annonce diagnostique, notamment sur le plan de l’observance et de l’alliance therapeutique. Dans ce contexte, il nous semblerait utile de mettre en place une enquete actualisee sur les pratiques d’annonce aupres d’un echantillon representatif, ainsi qu’une conference de consensus a ce sujet pour degager des recommandations et harmoniser les pratiques.

Contemporary Global Transformation of University System and the Philosophy of Education Specifications in Anglo-Saxon and American Models of Education and Research Management

In today’s world there is diversification of different models of higher education. At the same time, the multiplicity, the diversity of higher education models does not exclude their identity. Internationalization and integration of higher education in a global and international dimension raise a lot of new questions to the theory and practice. Almost every developed country has the rich experience of building the higher education system. The analysis of this experience can aid development and enrichment of the national educational system; it provides an opportunity to avoid repeating the same mistakes and to discover the new approaches to solving some problems in this area. Therefore, based on this, we consider that it is impossible to claim the creation of the strategy of modernization educational and scientific reforms, which affect the educational and scientific institution of the society in the management of scientific and educational space without analysis of the existing models, schools, directions, their classification in contemporary philosophy of education. It concern as well the sphere of the social philosophy of education as the sphere of management of education. The continuity of public education, qualitative management, their intensity can only be achieved under two conditions of the fundamental character. The first one is use of new, theoretically grounded and practically proven management, philosophically developed, accessible and technically supported high technology of social activity, education, training, and learning. The second condition is the perfect acquisition of the methodology of socio-axiological and research activity. The structure must provide the same conditions for equitable selection of civil, educational and scientific-educational actions, excluding coercion and domination. It is noted that the existence of developed civil society among the existing conditions and prerequisites for the successful formation and functioning of educational systems and effective models of multilevel educational management is necessary. Thus, we can conclude that the strategy of the modern world development proposed by the social philosophy of upbringing and education is a key in the field of social administration, philosophy, and pedagogy. This is what we exactly mean by education, science or some of the paradigms of upbringing and education as a dominant one on a certain socio-historical stage. This understanding largely depends on the manner of organization and functioning of civil society in the present and future.

The Ins and Outs of Icelandic Unemployment

This paper presents new data on Icelandic labour market flows between employment, unemployment, and inactivity, constructed from the microdata in Statistics Iceland‘s Labour Force Survey (LFS). An analysis of the contribution of the transition rates to the dynamics of unemployment is then performed. Assuming a fixed labour force yields results comparable to previous estimates in Iceland, with a third of the variation in steady-state unemployment explained by the job finding rate, a significant departure from what is found in Anglo-Saxon, continental European, and Nordic economies. Taking account of movements in and out of the labour force has a significant effect on contributions of transition rates to variations in steady-state unemployment, with inactivity transitions accounting for roughly a third of the variability in steady-state unemployment and a dead-even split of the remaining two-thirds between the employment-unemployment and unemployment-employment transition rates. This contribution of inactivity transitions is comparable to that in the UK, US, and Spain. The background information available in the LFS indicates that some heterogeneity exists in the contributions by gender. The participation margin is thus an important source of variation in unemployment and needs to be accounted for to fully understand the drivers of Icelandic labour market fluctuations. Furthermore, ignoring transitions in and out of the labour force generates misleading results on the relative importance of the transition rates between employment and unemployment states in Iceland.

Chambers of commerce and industry in the Kingdom of Sweden

In the Kingdom of Sweden is now binding Anglo-Saxon model of Chamber of Commerce, whose main feature is voluntary membership to the Chambers of Commerce. Chambers are basing on private law, not public law like in the Continental model. First Chamber of Commerce in Sweden was founded in 1902 in Stockholm. In 1915 Chambers of Commerce were functioning in the whole area of Sweden. Nowadays there are 11 Chambers of Commerce and 35 foreign chambers in Sweden.

Due Process Prior to Administrative Decisions and Effective Judicial Protection in Brazil: A New Perspective?

Abstract In view of the increasing number of repetitive judicial actions in public law issues, this text proposes reconsidering the guarantees of administrative due process of law - enshrined in the Brazilian Constitution of 1988 -, among them the effective independence of the administrative authorities, based on a comparative perspective between the Anglo-Saxon and Continental-European models concerning judicial protection of individual rights. The author is visibly concerned with searching for a better understanding of topics that are considered to be established dogmas in Brazilian law, such as the contradiction between the self-enforceability of administrative decisions and the need for the public authorities to initiate judicial actions against individuals; the distinction between the administrative procedure and the (judicial and non-judicial) administrative proceeding and their implications for individuals in court proceedings; impartiality without independence of the authorities in conducting a non-judicial administrative proceeding; scope of judicial review of the utilization of the margin of appreciation of factual/scientific matters in decisions made by public administrative authorities.

Basic corporate governance models: a systematic review

Purpose– The purpose of this paper is to review the state of existing literature for various corporate governance models by answering specific questions. Much has been written in the recent years on various corporate governance (CG) models, primarily the model of Anglo-Saxon and Continental European. In particular, it investigates most examined model in literature, forums used to publish and research types conducted, as well as basic differences between the two models. Findings of this paper suggest that more evidence-based systematic reviews on various aspects and geographical regions are needed to map the entire field of CG.Design/Methodology/Approach– Much has been written in the recent years on various CG models, primarily the model of Anglo-Saxon and Continental European. This paper attempts to review the state of existing literature for these models by answering specific questions. In particular, it investigates most examined model in literature, forums used to publish and research types conducted, as well as basic differences between the two models. Findings of this paper suggest that more evidence-based systematic reviews on various aspects and geographical regions are needed to map the entire field of CG.Findings– The authors found that although both models are well-reviewed, Continental European model is mostly explored with 47 per cent contributions as compared to Anglo-Saxon with 45 per cent. Moreover, majority of contributions are based on analytical research in terms of research type (30 per cent) and primarily focus on convergence of models. In addition, some 85 per cent of selected studies are based on theoretical research work, which leads to a significant dearth of empirical studies in the literature.Research limitations/implications– The scope of the paper is limited to two basic models of CG, namely, Anglo-Saxon model and Continental European model in context of specific research questions.Practical/implications– The systematic review on the basic models will assist the practitioners and policy-makers in determining the status of existing literature based on evidences. Further, it may facilitate in formulating new laws, regulations, codes and policies.Originality/Value– The authors used evidenced-based systematic approach for conducting literature review of CG models. Systematic review is getting much attention of researchers, as it minimizes the bias by adopting a replicable, scientific and transparent process. This review, as contrary to narrative, contributes to the CG models literature the findings based on evidences.

Asia, Australia, Transnational Education and Research Networks: Implications for the ‘Anglo-Saxon Model’

This article will analyse how education, the Anglo-Saxon model and welfare capitalism are intertwined. It will also delve into the question of the existence of an Anglo-Saxon model of welfare capitalism. Comparing countries like the United Kingdom and Australia, which have long shared very close links, places the very existence of such a model into question. Over the last twenty years, Australia has indeed developed much more stringent welfare policies than the United-Kingdom, imposing large responsibilities on the recipients of welfare programmes and creating a very distinctive institutional set-up for the delivery of these services. Geopolitics seems to partly account for the differences between Australia and the United Kingdom. Australia is very close to Asia, and one of the strongest exchange points between those two regions is education. In this article we will see how education, and in particular transnational education in Asian countries, can be associated with the diffusion of neo-liberal ideas, especially regarding the adequate role of the state in the field of education. The first part of this article will focus on the specificities of the Australian education system, on how it has gradually integrated neo-liberal ideas. The second part of the paper will be more focused on social policy and the vision of the role of the state.

Modern Approaches to Publicity and Independence of Local Government: Experience of American Municipalities

Publicity and independence are basic principles of the exercising local government. Due to them not only local problems can be solved openly and without interference from state bodies, but also local authorities can become closer to people in municipalities in order to solve these problems. The aim of this work is the investigation of American experience in the part of legal regulation and realization of publicity principle when people and municipal bodies solve local problems independently.Turning to the experience of the United States of America it is caused by some factors. Firstly, in this country durable and firm traditions are formed in the sphere of local government. Secondly, this country and Russia are united by the Anglo-Saxon model of local government, on which the organization of municipal power is based. Thirdly, both states are the largest federations, which are objectively difficult to govern from the federal centre. Without participation of citizens and bodies formed by them in processes of government solution of problems of providing local communities with life necessities it is impossible under modern conditions.A lot of international law acts, including European Charter of Local Self-Government, connect democracy with the local government as the effective government, which is close to citizens (European Charter of Local Self-Government, 1985). However, influence of the publicity principle on the processes of local government remains an underinvestigated scientific direction. As the result of considering the status of the problem under investigation in the local communities in the United States of America specific features of performing publicity and openness were discovered in the interrelation between authorities and people Characteristics of the American model of local government are pointed out. They may be recommended to be applied in the home municipal construction. In this connection, the investigation is new, it contains theoretical conclusions and positive experience, what brings new knowledge to science and practice of local government. DOI: 10.5901/mjss.2016.v7n1s1p31

The Housing Market, Household Portfolios and the German Consumer

House price booms in Anglo-Saxon economies and their collapse were an important part of the financial accelerator via consumption, construction and the banking system. This paper examines links for Germany between household portfolios, income and consumption in a six-equation system, for 1980-2012 data, for consumption, house prices, consumer credit, housing loans, liquid assets and permanent income with latent variables representing the shifts in the availability of the two types of credit. We find evidence of well specified consumption and house price functions and that Germany differs greatly from the Anglo-Saxon economies: rising house prices do not translate into higher consumer spending. This suggests that the transmission of monetary policy via asset prices, in particular house prices, on consumption is likely to be less effective, and any financial accelerator weaker, in Germany than in the US or the UK. There is little evidence of overvaluation of German house prices by 2012. JEL Classification: E21, E27, E44, E51, E58

The Spanish corporate structure through interlocking directorates

The aim of this paper is to determine to what extent globalization pressures are changing interlocking directorate networks modeled on continental capitalism into Anglo-Saxon models. For this purpose we analyse the Spanish network of interlocks, comparing the present structure (2012) with that of 1993 and 2006. We show how, although Spanish corporative structure continues to display characteristics of the continental economies, some major banks are significantly reducing industrial activity. Nevertheless, the financial organizations continue to maintain a close relationship with sectors such as construction and services. The analysis of the network of directorates shows a retreat in activity of industrial banking in Spain. Two large Spanish financial institutions, BSCH and La Caixa, continue to undertake activities of industrial banking in 2006, but this activity is significantly reduced in 2012. According to the theories on the role of the interlocking directorates, the companies in these sectors assure their access to banking credit by incorporating advisors from financial organizations to their board of directors. We cannot conclude that the structure of the Spanish corporate network has become a new case of Anglo-Saxon structure, but we got indications that are becoming less hierarchic as banks seem to slowly abandon centrality positions. This is especially salient if we compare the networks of 2006 and 2012, which show a continuing decrease of the role of banks and insurance companies in the network.

THE HISTORY OF SPANISH NURSING (1953-1980): INTRODUCTORY NOTES

ABSTRACT A historical-social documentary study aiming to analyze the history of Nursing in Spain, in the period 1953 - 1980. Undertaken between September and December 2014 through consultations with archive services, newspapers, legislation, specialized journals and academic works. This historical period corresponds to the unification of the teaching of practitioners, midwives and nurses (1953) and to the approval of the standards of the title of Sanitary Technical Assistant with Diploma in Nursing (1980). Thematic analysis was used for understanding the meanings and thus to (re-)construct part of this history. The empirical material revealed that the Real Escuela de Enfermeras de Santa Isabel de Hungria is considered the pioneer within the anglo-saxon model, that Spanish Nursing results from the fusion of three professions (practitioners, midwives and nurses) and training separated by sex was striking. Finally, it is concluded that the trajectory of Spanish Nursing towards the level of a graduate profession was long and arduous.

Humanization of the Russian housing model in the postmodern space

The article analyzes the existing approaches of management in the sphere of housing and communal service in Russia (HCS). They have not improved the quality of life and have not ensured sustainable reproduction of the human capital. According to the authors, the implementation in practice of Anglo-Saxon governance model in Russia has not proved the historical context of the country’s development. A comparative analysis was conducted of housing sphere of Russia and the European Union. It is recommended to use the Scandinavian management model as a more acceptable for the Russian conditions.

European notary public at windflow

The author of the paper analyzes the reasons and consequences of vulnerability of notary profession in European countries with a Latin-type notarial system, which in recent years lurk serious threat, which could influence in the nature of this profession. The European Commission has had several persistent attempts to attack the notary: through commencing six proceedings before the European Court of Justice and six Judgments in 2011 against member States that have not abolished the requirement of citizenship for admission to the profession, and then over the proposal for revision of Directive 2005/36 / EU in which it included the expanding of the field of application of professional qualifications recognition to the notaries public, all to the Green Book on treatment in this process, with explanation that with the new means should be supported the functioning of the internal market and stimulates economic growth in the EU. The Commission has always been guided by the findings that the reforms aimed at simplifying the environment of business entities and the removal of restrictions in certain sectors and in regulated professions were not allowed to remove barriers and restrictive behavior in a number of sectors, among which are expressly mentioned notaries, and that therefore the EU suffers economic decline. This was followed by strong reactions, which were not only the expression of a desire of notary public profession and science, but came from the highest authorities in France, Germany, and other countries. The complete jurist's population in these member States recognized the insincerity of the Commission in demanding liberalization of notary public services, under the expression of reviving economic activity in the EU. All actors of the protest considered the Commission's explanation was only a reflection of the ideological prejudices and a concession to satisfy the hegemonic aims of supporters of the Anglo-Saxon model of deregulation. The doctrine also points to a restrictive conception of the notion of participation in the exercise of public authority by persistently promoting the European Court of Justice in relation to the notary service, although the authoritative modern science of administrative law as well as practice of developed countries today clearly show that the concept of the social function of the state and administration in exercise of power makes the totality of authoritative and non-authoritative activities by which the government achieves its social goals. Contrary to the idea of liberalization of notary public services represented by the Commission, the legal doctrine today currently more rises the question of the right of magnification of public authorizations of European notaries, because the phenomenon of the spreading of the principle of separation of powers, and especially the analysis of the status and powers of the independent regulatory bodies, opened new horizons in relation to the expansion of the scope of notary public authority. Strong offensive to European Latin notary's contribution was made by Serbia, where the introduction of the notary public services, Jurists experienced as competition to the lawyers profession and after the strong protest of lawyers, which jeopardized the functioning of the judiciary, to notary public was denied making the biggest forms of notary public documents - public notary record - for the most risky and most important legal affairs, contracts on real estate transactions. In conclusion the author indicates how devastating consequences of the liberalization of the traditional tasks of notaries and drastically narrowing their responsibilities would be both for judicial construction and the economic activities of the Roman-Germanic law.

Convergence in corporate governance: a probit analysis

In this paper the use of ratings as a measure of the quality of corporate governance of firms is explored to investigate the convergence of governance models. To study the evolution of such models in Europe, the proposed approach considers institutional-specific effects to analyse the determinants of the probability of a firm improving its rating, as well as the probabilities of transitioning between different levels of ratings. The methodology is based on binary and ordered choice probit models, and is illustrated using the official Deminor's governance ratings for a sample of 198 European companies belonging to the FTSE Eurofirst 300 index, in 2000 and 2003. Results suggest that there is a tendency for convergence, despite country-specific characteristics, and that the probability of increasing ratings is higher for the Anglo-Saxon model.

Convergence in corporate governance: a probit analysis

In this paper the use of ratings as a measure of the quality of corporate governance of firms is explored to investigate the convergence of governance models. To study the evolution of such models in Europe, the proposed approach considers institutional-specific effects to analyse the determinants of the probability of a firm improving its rating, as well as the probabilities of transitioning between different levels of ratings. The methodology is based on binary and ordered choice probit models, and is illustrated using the official Deminor's governance ratings for a sample of 198 European companies belonging to the FTSE Eurofirst 300 index, in 2000 and 2003. Results suggest that there is a tendency for convergence, despite country-specific characteristics, and that the probability of increasing ratings is higher for the Anglo-Saxon model.

Wpływ modelu korporacyjnego na tendencję kształtowania wynagrodzeń kadrzarządzających w wybranych bankach

The article compares the trends in compensation systems in financial institutionsunder two different models of corporation (Anglo-Saxon model in the USAand continental model in Germany). In the article wage levels, much higher in theAnglo-Saxon model, were not analyzed, only tendencies of executive salaries forthe years 2004–2012. General conclusion for both systems is that in the post-crisisperiod the managers’ compensation declined compared to the pre-crisis period.Management remuneration system differ significantly in both mondels. In theAnglo-Saxon model, a significant share of total remuneration is variable remuneration,and the continental model is based on fixed remuneration. The results obtained suggest that the in both corporate models that the bigger the bank, thehigher the level of remuneration.

Use and Utilization of Performance Information in Hungary: Exemplary Cases from the Local- Government and the Higher-Education Sectors

Abstract Performance information and performance management are usually seen as tools to promote the efficiency and effectiveness of different public-policy programs. Performance management is a hot topic in the post-NPM discourse, however most of the debate is centered on the Western European and Anglo-Saxon models of measurement and evaluation of public services. This paper examines how a Central European country with a strong Rechtsstaat tradition can adapt to the use of performance management, and what patterns we can identify in the actual manifestations of measurement and use of data. The authors argue that even though performance management is not known in Hungary as per defined in the academic literature, there are signs on the ground that PM ideology and actual use are gaining traction in every field of public services, both in central and local governments.

Corporate governance reforms and political partisanship: an empirical analysis in 16 OECD countries

This paper explores the determinants of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms. Using a Cox conditional model in gap time, this paper provides new empirical evidence on the linkages between the adoption of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms at the firm level and government ideological affiliation in 16 OECD countries over the period 1970–2009. I find strong evidence linking rightward shifts in government ideological orientation with the adoption of minority shareholder protection legislation. This result supports our argument that changes in the composition of the coalition of heterogeneous interests and/or a change in the expectations of the parties’ constituency will affect government strategy on the adoption of pro-minority shareholder corporate governance reforms. I also find that the macroeconomic context at the international level may influence the adoption of these reforms. Our findings suggest that international economic integration has resulted not in the convergence of corporate governance regimes to the Anglo-Saxon model, but rather the emergence of hybrid corporate governance systems.

Divergence or convergence: paradoxes in corporate governance?

Purpose– This review paper aims to compare the various dimensions in the finance literature pertaining to the Anglo-Saxon Model (Stockholder Model) prevalent in the USA and the UK with the German Model (Stakeholder Model) of corporate governance prevalent in Germany and continental Europe. The present study identifies different strands of research on the various dimensions of these models, along with aspects of governance in emerging economies and the phenomenon of the convergence of these governance mechanisms.Design/methodology/approach– The literature review on corporate governance models has been carried out on the themes of internal and external governance mechanisms. The review considers agency theory along with principal–principal (PP) conflicts as the fundamental blocks explaining the need for governance structures.Findings– The traditional models of governance, along with the incorporation of PP conflicts, will result in a hybrid model inculcating the best of both the traditional models. However, convergence in the true sense may not be possible owing to fundamental differences pertaining to cultural, economic, legal and socio-economic aspects of the firm.Originality/value– This paper proposes a framework incorporating the interplay of managerial talent and controlling shareholders to understand the governance system that may be applicable for firms in emerging economies.

Which capitalism for Poland?

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight the direction of economic changes affecting the Polish economy after the political transformation of the early 1990s. Design/methodology/approach – First, the author defines the phenomenon of cognitive capitalism. Subsequently, the social and psychological consequences of this form of management and its ideological character are presented. Finally, the effects of the application of cognitive capitalism to the Polish reality are considered and the desirable adjustments of the Polish capitalism are suggested. Findings – According to the theses of the paper: the negative effects of the Polish economic transformation are largely the result of an uncritical acceptance of the Anglo-Saxon model of capitalism, and the fight against the high social costs of the functioning of market economy calls for an adjustment of the Polish economy, which would bring it closer to the Scandinavian model of capitalism. Research limitations/implications – The paper shows the process of economic transformation in Poland from the perspective of the changes taking place in the bosom of the western capitalism, in particular of the Anglo-Saxon type. Practical implications – The author of the paper suggests a number of possible adjustments to the Polish model of capitalism, in particular calling for the introduction of elements of planning and state intervention into the model, the revival of municipal and cooperative ownership, as well as the introduction of corporatist practices. Originality/value – The author of the paper criticizes the thesis of the inevitability of the radically liberal transformation of the Polish economy, widely accepted in the literature. Moreover, he sees the relationship between the Polish free-market changes and the processes of “cognitivization” of western capitalism.