Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules Research Articles

Cataloging beyond the Notes: Annotating Bibliographic Records for Music Effectively in RDA; Examples Illustrating RDA in the Online Bibliographic Record, Second Edition of "Notes for Music Catalogers." by Ralph Hartsock and Peter H. Lisius (review)

Reviewed by: Cataloging beyond the Notes: Annotating Bibliographic Records for Music Effectively in RDA; Examples Illustrating RDA in the Online Bibliographic Record, Second Edition of "Notes for Music Catalogers." by Ralph Hartsock and Peter H. Lisius Ivan Kaproth-Joslin Cataloging beyond the Notes: Annotating Bibliographic Records for Music Effectively in RDA; Examples Illustrating RDA in the Online Bibliographic Record, Second Edition of "Notes for Music Catalogers." By Ralph Hartsock and Peter H. Lisius. (Music Library Association Technical Reports and Monographs in Music Librarianship Series, vol. 38.) Middleton, WI: Music Library Association and A-R Editions, 2022. [xvi, 858 p. ISBN 9780895798862 (paperback), $210; ISBN 9780895798954 (e-book), $210.] Glossary, bibliography, index. Notes play a crucial function in the bibliographic record, filling in the cracks of descriptions of resources and their contents in ways in which cataloging rules cannot fully account. Rules cannot cover every cataloging situation, so catalogers make use of notes, offering crucial context or explanation on the nature or content of a resource. The first edition of Cataloging beyond the Notes, by Ralph Hartsock and published in 1994 as Notes for Music Catalogers: Examples Illustrating AACR2 in Online Bibliographic Records (Lake Crystal, MN: Soldier Creek Press), dealt with annotations, or notes, that were consistent with the cataloging standard at that time, the second edition of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules (AACR2). It presented examples of bibliographic records enhanced with notes, which complemented the factual presentation of metadata about the resource and the nature of its contents by offering helpful explanations or elaborations. It was a highly useful reference source for catalogers working in the AACR2 environment who cataloged books, scores, media, and objects. Since the release of Notes for Music Catalogers, digital media technology has continued to advance, offering new possibilities, such as books [End Page 606] that exist entirely in electronic form, or scores sold as a digital file that can be printed or simply displayed on a screen. The line between formats was increasingly blurred as digital content became ubiquitous, and the guidelines established in the 1994 edition regarding the creation and function of notes in bibliographic records were no longer sufficient. Additionally, on 31 March 2013, AARC2 gave way to Resource Description & Access (RDA). This new cataloging standard placed an increased emphasis on documenting the "Group 1" entities of Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records (FRBR), which are works, expressions, manifestations, and items (WEMI). Rules and best practices were substantially changed and reinvented, necessitating an update to Notes for Music Catalogers. To enhance the text, particularly the chapters that address works and expressions, Hartsock enlisted the assistance of Peter Lisius, a veteran contributor to the NACOMusic Project (NMP). In the words of Hartsock and Lisius, "RDA altered the nature of cataloging," requiring not a revision and enhancement of the first edition, but rather "newly created bibliographic content" (p. xii). Put simply, times have changed, and the notes that are needed and helpful in the bibliographic record have changed as well. This book documents these changes and provides thorough examples of required and useful notes for modern bibliographic records. A significant reflection of this change can be seen in the second edition's coverage of various 0XX, 2XX, and 34X Machine-Readable Cataloging (MARC) fields. As Hartsock and Lisius observe, "the lines of demarcation between notes and other descriptors [have] blurred with the introduction of RDA" (p. xiii). MARC 5XX notes fields are now extended to other machine-readable sections of the bibliographic record, serving "machine manipulation and sorting. The effect is that users will be able to select the instruments, genre, or musical form they seek, as well as myriad other strategies" (p. xiii). It is important to note that the bibliographic record examples shown in the book were created at various stages along the adoption and progression of RDA and therefore contain various MARC tags and field construction that differ from current practices and rules. For example, the description of the form of notated music for scores is shown in these examples under sub-field $b of the MARC 546 field. Current best practices require the usage of subfield $c of the MARC 348 field, with the optional addition of the previously required MARC 546 field...

Serendipity in Science

Prior literature has noted that serendipitous discoveries have played an important role in science. Scholars who have explored the phenomenon generally agree that researchers with a prepared mind stand to benefit from unplanned encounters. However, there are two contrasting perspectives on what form of a prepared mind would be most beneficial. Some scholars have suggested that an open mind would be helpful while others argue that deep experience would be most favorable. Yet, due to its spontaneous nature, serendipitous discoveries have been difficult to study in a systematic manner. In this paper, we leverage a policy shock in which the shelving orders of journals in university libraries were exogenously shifted due to a change in the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules between 1981 to 1989, exposing researchers to unsought journals. In this natural experiment, we find that researchers with a broad set of knowledge, compared to ones with narrow expertise, are more likely to gain from serendipitous encounters.

Cataloging Psychological Tests in an Academic Library

Often relegated to a side note in conversations about curriculum materials collections, psychological tests deserve their own consideration in library cataloging. Libraries that are dedicated to psychology (or psychology and a related field, such as education) lend psychological tests either for reference or for usage in clinical training programs. These libraries, largely academic, have a need for guidelines regarding the cataloging of psychological tests, as those developed under the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, second edition (AACR2) are no longer satisfactory for Resource Description and Access (RDA) cataloging. This paper provides an overview of AACR2 cataloging guidelines and proposes new RDA best practices when cataloging psychological assessments, including kits.

A New Take on Cataloging Popular Music Recordings

Cataloging popular music audio formats such as compact discs and LPs has always required different procedures from cataloging Western art music recordings. Bibliographic records and standards have changed during the past twenty years and catalogers have switched from using Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) to Resource Description and Access (RDA). This article will illustrate changes in popular music cataloging since the 2001 publication of Terry Simpkins’ article “Cataloging Popular Music Recordings.” Additional issues such as name authority and subject authority creation have been included, as well as new codes and MARC tags being used in bibliographic records.

Challenges of Resource Description and Access (RDA) Implementation in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Review of Literature

Resource Description and Access (RDA) is a new cataloguing standard, designed for the digital world, built on foundations established by Anglo American Cataloguing Rules (AACR) and it is to replace the existing Anglo American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd Edition (AACR2). RDA provides a comprehensive set of guidelines and instructions on resource description and access covering all types of content and media. It is based on the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in order to relate the user task of retrieval and access in an online library catalogue and biographic database from a user’s perspective. Bibliographic records in RDA are more relevant in an online environment by enabling catalogs to cluster related records to show different manifestations of the same work. Patrons could discover that the information sources they are seeking are available in different forms in the library. This paper investigated RDA as a new standard for cataloguing as well as the challenges related to RDA implementation in libraries in Sub-Saharan Africa, as the literature evidence that many libraries in Africa are still using the AACR. Qualitative research approach based on document content analysis was used. Findings revealed that RDA is gradually implemented in Sub-Saharan Africa however, there are challenges related to power supply, internet connectivity, ICT skills, training, funding and LIS systems. The study recommends alternative power supply, other training options, development of consortia, among others.

Greek Subject and Name Authorities, and the Library of Congress

Some international libraries are still using the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, 2nd edition revised, for cataloging even though the Library of Congress and other large libraries have retired it in favor of Resource Description and Access. One of these libraries is the National Library of Greece, which consults the Library of Congress database before establishing authorities. There are cultural differences in names and subjects between the Library of Congress and the National Library, but some National Library terms may be more appropriate for users than the Library of Congress-established forms.

Collaborating communities revisited

Purpose: This article follows up “Collaborating communities: the RDA experience and its implications for common information environments”, published in 2007 in the proceedings of the 11th seminar on Archives, Libraries, Museums held in Poreč, Croatia. That paper was written before the publication of RDA: Resource Description and Access, the successor to the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR). The article outlines what has happened since, with a focus on the development of RDA in collaboration with related standards groups.Methodology/approach: This is a chronological review of the development of documents, which lead to the publication of RDA. Cooperation and harmonization of description of information objects among different concerned communities is also presented.Research limitations: The thorough review of RDA and related documents covers the period from 2008 to 2018.Originality/Practical implications: The strategic development of RDA is dependent on continuing collaboration with international communities, cultural heritage communities, and linked data communities. All of these communities have a strong interest in linked open data and the Semantic Web, and RDA has played a significant role in initiating and stimulating collaborative development of library and cultural heritage metadata in RDF format.

An Overview of the Current State of Linked and Open Data in Cataloging

Linked Open Data (LOD) is a core Semantic Web technology that makes knowledge and information spaces of different knowledge domains manageable, reusable, shareable, exchangeable, and interoperable. The LOD approach achieves this through the provision of services for describing, indexing, organizing, and retrievingknowledge artifacts and making them available for quick consumption and publication. Thisis also alignedwith the role and objective of traditional library cataloging. Owing to this link, majorlibraries of the world are transferring their bibliographic metadata to the LOD landscape. Some developments in this direction include the replacement of Anglo-American Cataloging Rules 2nd Edition by the Resource Description and Access (RDA) and the trend towards the wideradoption of BIBFRAME 2.0. An interestingand related development in this respect arethe discussions among knowledge resources managers and library community on the possibility of enriching bibliographic metadata with socially curated or user-generated content. The popularity of Linked Open Data and its benefit to librarians and knowledge management professionals warrant a comprehensive survey of the subject. Althoughseveral reviews and survey articles on the application of Linked Data principles to cataloging have appeared in literature, a generic yet holistic review of the current state of Linked and Open Data in cataloging is missing. To fill the gap, the authors have collected recent literature (2014–18) on the current state of Linked Open Data in cataloging to identify research trends, challenges, and opportunities in this area and, in addition, to understand the potential of socially curated metadata in cataloging mainlyin the realm of the Web of Data. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this review article is the first of its kind that holistically treats the subject of cataloging in the Linked and Open Data environment. Some of the findings of the review are: Linked and Open Data is becoming the mainstream trend in library cataloging especially in the major libraries and research projects of the world; with the emergence of Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV), the bibliographic metadata is becoming more meaningful and reusable; and, finally, enriching bibliographic metadata with user-generated content is gaining momentum.Conclusions drawn from the study include the need for a focus on the quality of catalogued knowledge and the reduction of the barriers to the publication and consumption of such knowledge, and the attention on the part of library community to the learning from the successful adoption of LOD in other application domains and contributing collaboratively to the global scale activity of cataloging.

Resource Description and Access in the Eyes of the Filipino Librarian: Perceived Advantages and Disadvantages

ABSTRACTThis article examines the perception of academic librarians regarding the arrival of Resource Description and Access (RDA) in the Philippines. Perception statements coming from various researches done on RDA were used to determine their sentiments toward RDA. The respondents were also asked to enumerate and explain their perceived advantages and disadvantages on RDA. In the end, 85 academic librarians from all over the Philippines responded. The findings show that Philippine academic librarians have mixed perceptions on RDA, as some of the respondents treat RDA as a feasible replacement or alternative for Anglo-American Cataloging Rules, while some are not quite sure of its compatibility with Philippine libraries.

Yazma eserlerin Marc tabanlı nitelenmesine terminolojik yaklaşım

The qualication of manuscripts requires only knowledge and the use of the terms specic to the source manuscript. There are some errors and omissions in domestic and external use of this terminology. These errors and deciencies are obviously due to incorrect translation, lack of terminology regarding the eld, and the fact that the tradition of Islamic knowledge production - transfer is unknown in our country. Erroneous and incomplete adaptations due to these reasons cause serious contradictions and problems in the characterization of our manuscripts, restrict access to works and prevent us from establishing a “national” standard in line with the international standards. As a result of the examination of the printed and electronic manuscript catalogues in our country. This study includes the Machine Readable Cataloguing (MARC) elds and the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR2) which have been used erroneously and incompletely. This practice generally tends to be found more in libraries that register in English. In order to overcome these mistakes and incomplete uses, the related domestic and foreign terminological sources have been examined and a series of suggestions for terminology have been presented. These recommendations are given in the order of MARC as the preferred upper data standard in the nature of the information sources, and the evidence /sources of correct use are listed after the conclusion of the study separately for each eld.

Book Review: FRBR, Before and After: A Look at Our Bibliographic Models

While many in the metadata creation community are familiar with the Group 1–3 entities described in the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR), the historical context for FRBR as a bibliographic model is less familiar. In 1990, the International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) sponsored the Stockholm Seminar on Cataloguing. One of the outcomes of this Seminar was the creation of the FRBR Study Group whose purpose was to identify a minimum set of data elements necessary to satisfy the needs of users. Using this element set in the creation of records would both further facilitate the sharing of bibliographic records and reduce the cost of cataloging for participating institutions. The FRBR Study Group’s final report has far reaching influence, including serving as the conceptual model upon which RDA: Resource Description and Access—the successor to the Anglo-American Cataloging Rules as the content standard used by many libraries across the world.

RDA, or, The Long Journey of the Catalog to the Digital Age

RDA was created in response to complaints about the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, especially the call for a more international, principle-based content standard that takes the perspective of the conceptual models of FRBR (Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records) and FRAD (Functional Requirements for Authority Data). The past and ongoing process for continuous improvement to RDA is through the Joint Steering Committee for Development of RDA (known as the JSC, but recently renamed the RDA Steering Committee - RSC) to make RDA even more international and principle-based.

Las normas mexicanas de catalogación de acervos videográficos y documentos fonográficos, ¿visión a corto o largo plazo?

En este trabajo se hace un estudio comparativo entre las normas mexicanas de catalogación de acervos videográficos y de documentos fonográficos y las Reglas de Catalogación Angloamericanas, segunda edición, en particular los capítulos seis (videograbaciones) y siete (grabaciones sonoras). Lo anterior con el fin de observar si las normas mexicanas proporcionan consistencia en la presentación de los datos bibliográficos y la asignación del punto de acceso, asuntos que son considerados como los criterios más importantes en el control de calidad de la catalogación. Un argumento importante del estudio es que tanto las instrucciones como la estructura de ambas normas mexicanas están muy lejos de ser consideradas como referentes en el proceso de catalogación en las instituciones nacionales. Además hace falta consenso en el país para que las normas mexicanas sean tomadas en cuenta, puesto que su uso y aplicación está en riesgo de apartarse de una tradición reconocida y compartida.

Cataloging for school librarians

This is a pragmatic introductory guide to cataloguing designed for the current moment of transition as the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, 2nd edn (AACR2) is replaced by Resource Discovery and Ac...

The Path to an RDA Hybridized Catalog: Lessons from the Kent State University Libraries' RDA Enrichment Project

ABSTRACTThis article describes in detail the library implementation of a Resource Description and Access (RDA) Enrichment project. The library “hybridized,” or enriched legacy data from Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules bibliographic records by the addition of specific RDA elements. The project also cleaned up various other elements in the bibliographic data that were not directly RDA-related. There were over 28 million changes and edits made to these records, changes that would never have been made otherwise because the library lacked the resources to do them independently. The enrichment project made the bibliographic data consistent, and helped prepared the data for its eventual transition to a linked data environment.

Reflections of Ranganathan's Normative Principles of Cataloging in RDA

Unlike its predecessor Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2), Resource Description and Access (RDA) has incorporated principles and objectives at the beginning of the code. This article is an attempt to make a comparative study between the practical applications of the principles of RDA with that of the Normative Principles of cataloging of S. R. Ranganathan. It is found that the instructions of RDA are much more in compliance with the scientific principles of Ranganathan than the RDA principles recorded at the beginning of the code. The outcome of the study is presented in two different ways. Tabular presentation of the same is made at the beginning followed by analytical studies.

Nunavut Libraries Online Establish Inuit Language Bibliographic Cataloging Standards: Promoting Indigenous Language Using a Commercial ILS

This article examines shared cataloging practices in Nunavut, Canada, where Inuit form 85% of the general population and three official languages, including Inuit language (Inuktitut/Inuinnaqtun), English and French, are used in government and daily discourse. The partners in the Nunavut Libraries Online consortium, together with the Nunavut Government translation bureau, have developed a common vocabulary for creating bibliographic records in Inuktitut, including syllabic script, and used this to create bibliographic cataloging standards, under the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition, for creating multilingual and multiscript MARC-compliant, Integrated Library System-compatible records that accurately reflect the multilingual content of material published in and about Nunavut and Inuit.

FRBR, Information, and Intertextuality

Following from approaches that view information as documentary forms of specific communicative practices, this paper uses theoretical concepts derived from cultural theory to examine the concept of work in Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) in relation to authorship, the ur-text, and intertextuality. Historically, the practice of librarianship has existed on a foundation of standards, and among the earliest of the standards is the Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules (AACR). The basis of this set of standards is materialist: the object of scrutiny is the document, and the document, whatever its specific form, is considered to possess materiality. This paper argues that unlike the AACR, FRBR lays bare its own ideological underpinnings, and in so doing, it dematerializes the text and mystifies the creative process. At the same time, it has really been with the development of FRBR and linked-data models that library and information science has considered intertextual analysis at the level of the document rather than at a more abstract level. The idealism that underpins FRBR’s notion of work points to intertextuality, with all its potential for rich analysis, but at the same time embeds deep in its system the logocentrism of the ideal signified—another example of disciplining epistemology. The paper will examine these two interlinked themes through discussion of FRBR and the strange case of the vanishing text, the ur-text, and intertextuality.

Index to Volume 63

Index to Volume 63 Justine Carson Page references in boldface indicate major treatments of a topic. Italic t, f, or n indicates tables, figures, or notes. A AACR/AACR2 (Anglo-American Cataloging Rules), 98, 171, 172, 491 AAUP (American Association of University Professionals), 76, 80, 86, 103n ABBPR (Association of Public Librarians and Libraries in Romania), 838 ABIR (Association of Librarians in Education in Romania), 838 ABLE (American-Bulgarian Library Exchange), 758–759 Abram, David, 480 Academia Operosorum Labacensium, 728 Academic libraries. See also Libraries Albania, 657–658 Belarus, 787–788, 789 Croatia, 680 Czech Republic, 162 East Germany pre-unification, 200–201 Germany, 205t Germany, during unification, 203–204 Hungary, 222 Lithuania, 261–263 Moldova, 803–805 Montenegro, 769 Romania, 818–822, 820f Russia, 151–152 Slovenia, 728, 732, 740–741 Academic Library of Tallinn University, 189 Academy Library of the University of Latvia (ALUL), 234–235 Academy of the Industrious Residents of Ljubljana, 728 Access restrictions, 36–37, 43. See also Censorship Central and Eastern European libraries, 117 Chicago Public Library, 34–35 Polish libraries, 304 Accidental falsehoods, 407 Acid-paper degradation, 175 ACONDA (ALA. Activities Committee on New Directions for ALA), 81, 88 Adaptive disinformation, 411–412, 414, 418 Adequatism, 560 Advanced Rapid Library System, 171 Agnostic-postmodern view of knowledge effects, 6, 11–26 AGRIS/CARIS, 263 [End Page 845] ALA. See also Freedom to Read Foundation (FTRF); Library associations; Library Bill of Rights (LBR) accused of pro-British propaganda campaign, 33–35 adoption of Library Bill of Rights, 42–56 disinformation resolution, 403 intellectual freedom and librarians, 8–9, 75–105 opposition to labeling, 19 opposition to Smoot-Hawley Act, 45–46 protecting tax-exempt status, 83 refusal to act re book burning, 47 statement against censorship, 48 ALA. Activities Committee on New Directions for ALA (ACONDA), 81, 88 ALA. Code of Ethics, 61, 101–102 ALA. Committee on Racial Discrimination, 49, 53 ALA. Intellectual Freedom Committee (IFC), 6. See also Intellectual freedom Daniel Gore case, 79–80 evolution and activities, 52–53 Grapes of Wrath (Steinbeck), 54 John Forsman case, 81–82 Richard Rosichan case, 82–83 ALA. Intellectual Freedom Manual, 42, 43 ALA. Junior Members Roundtable (JMRT), 88 ALA. Library History Round Table 2012, 3 ALA. National Plan for Libraries, 51 ALA. Newsletter on Intellectual Freedom, 63, 70 ALA. Office for Intellectual Freedom, 8, 76 ALA. Professional Ethics Committee, 99–102 ALA. Social Responsibility Roundtable (SRRT), 77, 88. See also Task Force on Gay Liberation ALA. Staff Committee on Mediation, Arbitration, and Inquiry (SCMAI), 91–92, 102 closing of, 96–97 final investigation of Michael McConnell case, 94–95 lack of authority in first amendment cases, 95–96 report on Michael McConnell case, 92–93 revised report on Michael McConnell case, 93–95 ALA. Staff Organization Round Table (SORT), 51 ALA. Standing Committee on Review, Inquiry and Mediation (SCRIM), 96–97 ALA. Statement on Labeling, 3 ALA Annual Conference, 1969 (Atlantic City, NJ), 81–82 ALA Annual Conference, 1933 (Chicago, IL), 46–47 ALA Annual Conference, 1935 (Denver, CO), 48–49 ALA Annual Conference, 1999 (New Orleans, LA), 98–99 ALA Annual Conference, 1936 (Richmond, VA), 49 ALA Annual Conference, 1939 (San Francisco, CA), 52 ALA Bulletin Brown and Harmon article, 50 Heyl article, 51–52 lack of articles on intellectual freedom, 47 Library Bill of Rights, 52, 54 social responsibility of librarians, 49 Van Doren defends popular literature, 49–50 ALA Statement on Labeling, 19 Albania COBISS network, 271 library education, 659–660 library legislation, 650 new technologies, 648–649 role of librarians, 649 Albania. Library Law, 651 Albania. Ministry of Culture, 651 Albanian librarians. See also Librarians continuing education, 659–660 professional education, 659–660 Albanian libraries, 647–662. See also Central and Eastern European libraries; Libraries academic libraries, 657–658 automation and digitization, 651–659 freedom of information, 650–651 international partnerships, 655–656 library traditions, 647–648 new trends in library and information studies, 649–651 [End Page 846] public libraries, 656–657 special libraries, 658–659 Albanica, 651 Albertina Icome Praha, 174 Albig, John William, 66, 67 ALEPH 500, 171, 172, 244 Allain, Alex P., 84 Alliance of Libraries and Information Institutes, 230 Almost Perfect...

Resource Description and Access (RDA) Database Enrichment: The Path to a Hybridized Catalog

This article examines the benefits of a Resource Description and Access (RDA) enrichment project for libraries. Enrichment projects “hybridize,” or enrich legacy Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules, Second Edition (AACR2) bibliographic records with RDA data. Until a replacement for MARC is developed, bibliographic data will continue to be encoded in MARC 21 in many integrated library systems. Library catalogs contain records coded under both AACR2 and RDA standards. RDA enrichment projects benefit the patron experience because the data is cleaner and more consistent for patron use and display, cataloging staff workflows are simplified, and the consistency of the data is advantageous for system development and data exchange with other communities.