Angle Malocclusion Research Articles

Estudos radiográficos do osso hioide e da coluna cervical nas maloclusões Classe I e Classe II/2ª Divisão de Angle

Abstract Introduction Interdisciplinary investigative study of the stomatognathic-cervical complex, necessary to understand the structure and biomechanics of the hyoid bone and cervical spine in Class I and II / 2nd Division participants. Objective To analyze the position of the hyoid bone and the curvature of the cervical spine on lateral radiographs of participants with Class I and II/2nd Division Angle malocclusion. Material and method We evaluated the position of the hyoid bone from its alignment with the corresponding cervical vertebra. The presentation of curvature of the cervical spine was evaluated from the fourth cervical vertebra. Result There was a statistically significant difference in the position of the hyoid bone (p=0.027) between the classes, which was located at C3 in Class I and further down, between C3 and C5, in Class II/2nd Division. The cervical spine showed alterations in both classes, with an increase, rectification, and inversion of the curvature with no statistical difference between them (p=0.533). Conclusion In this study, the hyoid bone showed different positions in the malocclusions studied, however, poor posture of the cervical spine was common in both classes.

Comparison of Collum Angle of Maxillary Central Incisor in High Angle and Low Angle Patients

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to determine the mean collum angle of maxillary central incisor and to compare it between high angle and low angle patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. METHODOLOGY: This cross-sectional, observational study was conducted using lateral cephalometric radiographs of 61 class II division 1 patients (comprised 32 males, 29 females, age range 13 to 30 years) from the record files of patients inducted for Orthodontic management from June 2020 till August 2020 at the Department of Orthodontics, Sindh Institute of Oral Health Science, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan. The sample was divided on the basis of Vertical Analysis (angulation of mandibular plane) into high and low angle cases. Collum angle was measured using the angulation of the Maxillary Central Incisor (MCI). Student t-test was used to compare the mean difference of the collum angle between skeletal vertical malocclusions. RESULTS: Mean value of the collum angle for high angle (Vertical Growth pattern) cases were mean ± standard deviation (4.35°±1.49°) while for low angle groups (Horizontal Growth pattern) were (2.41°±1.60°). CONCLUSION: There Collum angle of permanent maxillary central incisors differ significantly (p<0.001) among high angle and Low angle malocclusions cases (n=61) and showed pronounced axial bending in Class II division 1 incisors with high angle (4.35° ± 1.49°) as compared to low angle malocclusion (2.41° ± 1.60°). KEYWORDS: Collum Angle, Maxillary Central Incisor, Orthodontic Treatment, High Angle, Low Angle.

Association between Tooth Size Discrepancies and Angle Malocclusions in a Tunisian Sample

Association between Tooth Size Discrepancies and Angle Malocclusions in a Tunisian Sample

Predictors of orthodontic treatment conclusion: A historical cohort study

The study investigated which patient and orthodontic treatment factors act as predictors for the conclusion of the ongoing treatment in a dental clinic of a specialization program in Orthodontics. Data were collected from the records of patients treated from 1997 to 2015. Potential predictors for treatment conclusion were investigated: patient-related factors (PRFs) and treatment-related factors (TRFs). PRFs were sex, age, face balance, Angle malocclusion classification, open bite, denture, facial pattern, facial profile, buccal corridor, crossbite, maxillary deficiency, and sagittal mandibular behavior; and TRFs were therapeutic approaches, treatment modality, extractions, and Bolton discrepancy. The initial and final treatment dates were collected. Descriptive data analysis, univariate, and multivariate logistic regression were performed (5% significance). Of the 903 records, 561 patients were included in the study. It was demonstrated that starting the treatment at a young age (PRF) and the presence of crossbite (TRF) are predictive factors for the treatment conclusion. A vertical facial pattern (dolichofacial or brachyfacial) and a greater number of extractions for orthodontic reasons may contribute positively to the conclusion of the treatment. The frequency of treatment inconclusion was higher during the first 2years of treatment (more than 50% of the patientsthat initiated the treatment). Young age at the beginning of treatment and the presence of crossbite malocclusion can increase the chance of treatment conclusion.

The prevalence of malocclusion in the tribal populations of the parvathipuram revenue division of vizianagaram district in Andhra Pradesh and their perceived orthodontic treatments needs

Introduction: Endogamous tribal cultures often have certain preserved clinical phenotypes that serve almost like a window to the past. Culturally sequestered populations often share certain habits and viewpoints including those related to preferences and aesthetics. The present study aims to throw light on the perception of aesthetics as based on the most prevalent form of malocclusion in a tribal population. Materials and Methods: Of the 819 adolescents screened in the age group of 13–19 years, 63% (516) were boys and 37% (303) were girls. The evaluated occlusion of the students was categorised into four groups as ideal occlusion and the three categories of Angle's malocclusion (Class I, II and III). A simple set of questions were posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs. All results were tabulated for further analysis. Results: Analysis of the tabulated findings revealed a percentage distribution as follows. About 7% had ideal occlusion and 93% (762) had malocclusion categorised as 72% with Angle's Class I, 26% with Angle's Class II and 2% with Angle's Class III. A Chi-square test of independence showed that there was no significant association between gender and the prevalence of malocclusion, 2 (2, n = 762) = 2.5, P = 0.28. Questions posed to elicit awareness of orthodontic treatment and perceived treatment needs revealed that while 77% of the individuals screened were aware of orthodontic treatment, only 7% of those questioned felt they had a perceived need for treatment. Conclusion: Aesthetic perception including a perceived need for orthodontic treatment in a population might be strongly influenced not only by the viewpoint of peers but also by what is considered to be normal to the majority.

Influence of angles occlusion in periodontal diseases.

It is of interest to document the known relationship between periodontal status and Angle's malocclusion types. We used 26092 case records of patients between 16 to 50 years of age with no gender restrictions. Variables such as age, gender, periodontal diagnosis and type of Angle's occlusion were extracted and tabulated. Statistical analysis was completed using chi square test in the SPSS software version 20. Data shows that the majority (95.27%) had Angle's class I occlusion and less than 5% had class II and Class III occlusion. Statistical analysis of class II and Class III cases with 1000 randomly selected cases of class I occlusion show a significant difference in the periodontal status between different types of Angle's occlusion. Chronic periodontitis was more in class I (10.4%) and it was the lowest in Class II Div 2 (4.3%) occlusion. Class II Div 1(23.8%) and Class III (17%) had the highest and lowest proportion of clinically healthy periodontium, respectively. Thus, we report that angles occlusion types had significant influence on periodontal status along with the other determinants.

The difference between Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial height changes

Background: Bimaxillary and bidental protrusion Class I Angle malocclusions have a characteristic convex facial profile and protrusion lips due to the labial inclination of the anterior teeth. Extraction of the first four premolars is the most common choice for orthodontic treatment of these cases when all the permanent teeth are complete and in good condition. Orthodontic treatment can be performed using the Begg or Straightwire techniques. Purpose: This study aims to investigate the difference in the effect of orthodontic treatment with Begg and Straightwire appliances on molar position, occlusal plane, and anterior and posterior facial height. Methods: Sixty pairs of lateral cephalograms before and after the treatment of patients with bimaxillary and bidental protrusive Angle malocclusion Class I, aged 18–35 years old, who underwent orthodontic treatment using the Begg and Straightwire techniques with the extraction of all first premolars that met the inclusion criteria. Data analysis was performed using two-way repeated analysis of variance (p<0.05) and Pearson correlation (p<0.05). Results: Molar position, occlusal plane angle, and anterior and posterior facial heights increased significantly after the Begg technique treatment and decreased significantly after the Straightwire technique treatment (p<0.05), but there were no significant differences between the four variables in the two techniques (p>0.05). Medium correlation was found between variables in both the Begg and Straightwire techniques. Conclusion: Molars were extruded and mesialized and the occlusal plane angle and height of the anterior and posterior faces increased after the Begg appliances treatment. The molars moved mesially and occlusally and there was a decrease in the occlusal plane angle, as well as the height of the anterior and posterior faces, after treatment with the Straightwire appliances. However, there was no difference between the two techniques.

Relationship between ratio of 2nd and 4th digit lengths (2D:4D) and malocclusion in 13-15-years-old children: a case study at Unismuh Junior High School, Makassar

Background: Malocclusion is a condition that is not in accordance with the process of growth and development that can be seen with the disharmony of the relationship between the teeth, relationship of jaw arches, face and overall. The 2D:4D ratio can be corelated with hormones that have a role in growth.Therefore, ratio 2D:4D can be used as an early marker of disease, intelligence, reproductive ability and probability of jaw growth patterns. Objective: To know the relationship between the ratio of second and fourth digit lengths (2D:4D) and the types of malocclusion on the students of Unismuh Junior HighSchool. Method: This observational descriptive study with purposive sampling was performed on students aged 13-15 years old with total sample 100 people.Malocclusion examination was conducted to identify the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion. A digital vernier caliper was used to measure a ratio between2D and 4D. The data were analyzed using chi-square test. Result: 96 people had Class 1 (2D<4D=77, 2D>4D=19), 4 people had Class 2 (2D>4D=3, 2D<4D=1), Class 1 type 1 of 34 people (2D< 4D=29, 2D>4D=5), Class 1 type 2 of 3 people (2D<4D=2, 2D>4D=1) and Class 1 type 6 of 16 people (2D<4D=12,2D>4D=4). Conclusion: There was no relationship between the ratio 2D:4D with the types of Angle and Dewey malocclusion.

Association between teeth agenesis and Angle's classes in an Italian population.

Teeth agenesis or hypodontia consists of the developmental absence of one or more teeth. Many studies confirm that this condition is almost frequent in general population; the prevalence reported is between 2.7% and 11.3%. This condition shows a multifactorial etiology: genetic factors, hereditary factors, environmental factors, local or general infective processes, radiations, drugs and traumas. The aim of this observational study was to evaluate the prevalence of tooth agenesis in a sample of orthodontic healthy patients considering each Angle malocclusion. Nine hundred patients from a University clinic and three private practices were analyzed through intra and extra oral photographs, orthodontic study casts, panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The following inclusion criteria were applied: non-syndromic patients, without previous orthodontic, prosthetic treatment or extractions. Patients' clinical data consisted in general and dental anamnesis, intra and extra oral photographs, orthodontic study casts, digital panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalograms. The whole sample was divided into four groups (A-B-C-D) in relation with Angle's malocclusion and dental agenesis registered. The whole sample presented a mean prevalence of the condition of 8.80%. Class II/2 is the most affected malocclusion with 20.37% of the patients affected by the condition, followed by class III (11.19%), class II/2 (8.05%) and class I (6.62%). The χ2 test demonstrated a statistically significant different distribution of the condition between the four groups (P value =0.0059). The four groups presented also different patterns of missing teeth. We found a significantly different distribution of the condition in the different malocclusions with class II/2 presenting the higher prevalence of tooth agenesis (20.37%). The most frequent teeth affected by agenesis in the entire sample are respectively: mandibular second premolars (32.40%), followed by the maxillary lateral incisors (27.70%) and the maxillary second premolars (15.50%).

Prevalence of Malocclusion Traits in Saudi Males Seeking Orthodontic Treatment in Najran in Saudi Arabia

To study the prevalence of different malocclusion traits in Najran in Saudi adolescents and adults seeking orthodontic treatment in Najran in Saudi Arabia. Two hundred and fifty male patients in the age group of 12-35 years who visited faculty of dentistry in Najran University for orthodontic treatment were examined and were divided into two age groups, adolescents and adults. The patients were examined and classified into Class I, Class II, and Class III malocclusions. They were also examined for overjet, overbite, open bite, crossbite, scissor's bite, crowding, and spacing. The prevalence of Angle's malocclusion Classes I, II, and III was 52.8%, 31.6%, and 15.6%, respectively. The most common anomaly was moderate overbite followed by lateral open bite. Posterior crossbite was found to be more prevalent than anterior crossbite. Angle's Class I malocclusion was most prevalent type, followed by Class II, and then Class III. The findings of this study can be used to formulate an appropriate preventive and orthodontic treatment measures pertaining to the population of adolescent and adult Saudi males.

Impaction of mandibular third molars after orthodontic treatment by the edgewise method: a retrospective study.

This study aimed to determine the incidence of mandibular third molar (M3) impaction after orthodontic treatment by edgewise appliances, and identify possible determinant factors of M3 impaction. A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 1154 patients. Complete orthodontic records were analyzed pretreatment and posttreatment, considering the following variables: type of Angle malocclusion, treatment with or without extraction of first premolars, overbite, stage of dentition, M3 prior angulation and duration of orthodontic treatment. Impaction was determined after radiographic evidence of total closure of the root apex. The chi-square test and Poisson regression (p < 0.05) were used for statistical analysis with a hierarchical approach. Rate ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Mandibular M3 impaction incidence was 17%. Overbite equal to or greater than 4 mm (RR = 1.23, 95%CI: 1.11-1.26, p < 0.001), prior mesial angulation of M3 (RR = 0.59, 95%CI: 0.52-0.68, p < 0.001), non-extraction of first premolars (RR=1.06, 95%CI: 1.01-1.12, P=0.019) and orthodontic treatment time equal to or less than three years (RR = 0.94. 95%CI: 0.90-0.99, p < 0.014) were significantly associated with impacted M3. There was no correlation between the type of Angle malocclusion and the risk of impaction. In conclusion, the incidence of mandibular M3 impaction was considered low. The main pretreatment factors directly involved in impaction were mesioangulation of M3 and overbite equal to or greater than 4 mm. Orthodontic treatment with extraction of first premolars and treatment time greater than 3 years reduce the risk of impaction.

Surgical Orthodontic Treatment in Case of Severe High Angle Skeletal Class II Malocclusion and Mandibular Retrusion.

This report describes a patient with severe high angle class II malocclusion and mandibular retrusion in whom surgical orthodontic treatment to prevent an increase in ramus height resulted in a significant improvement in esthetics and long-term stability. The patient was a woman aged 30 years 5 months who presented with the chief complaint of maxillary protrusion. She had a convex facial type, a chin button on lip sealing, and a gummy smile. Cephalometric analysis revealed a normal maxilla anterior-posterior position, but significant mandibular retrusion with pronounced clockwise rotation. The anterior maxillary tooth axis was standard, but labially inclined in the mandible. Based on these findings, the diagnosis was skeletal class II high angle malocclusion and mandibular retrusion. The proposed treatment plan comprised 2-jaw surgery with premolar extraction. Le Fort I osteotomy, in particular, was planned in the maxilla to move the ANS upward by 3.0 mm and the PNS downward by 3.0 mm. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO) was planned to adjust the mandible and move the mandible forward by 10.0 mm. To prevent postoperative relapse, the short lingual split method was used in performing the SSRO. The mandible was split to minimize stretching of the median pterygoid muscle. Postoperatively, the ANS, PNS, and pogonion showed movement of 2.0 mm upward, 3.0 mm downward, and 8.0 mm forward, respectively. Additionally, lip closure was now natural, and the gummy smile had markedly improved. At 6 years postoperatively, there has been no change skeletally or dentally. Follow-up is being continued to monitor further progress.

Orthodontic Treatment Needs in Adolescents Aged 13-15 Years Using Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicators

Introduction: The prevalence of malocclusion in Indonesia is still very high, which is about 80% of the population and is one of the major dental and oral health problems. Based on the research result by the Health Research and Development Department, Ministry of Health Republic Indonesia, the highest malocclusion prevalence in children aged 12-15 years is 15.6%. Problems in adolescents aged 13-15 oral cavity, such as disruption of tooth eruption, can cause malocclusion, related function, aesthetics, and quality of life. Objective: To assess orthodontic treatment need in adolescents aged 13-15 years in Muhammadiyah 3 Junior High School of Yogyakarta using Orthodontic Treatment Needs Indicators, the description of malocclusion classification and their correlation. Method: This research is an analytical observational study with cross-sectional design. Samples are 100 students aged 13-15 years in Muhammadiyah 3 Junior High School of Yogyakarta. Each sample fills out an IKPO questionnaire to assess the need for orthodontic treatment needs, examination, and intraoral photographs were taken to determine the malocclusion classification. Results: The results showed 61% of subjects required orthodontic treatment, and 63% had Class I malocclusion, 28% had Class II malocclusion, and 9% had Class III malocclusions. There was a correlation between the questionnaire of orthodontic treatment needs on age with a significant value, 0.037 (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion: More than 50% of adolescents aged 13-15 years at Muhammadiyah 3 Junior High School of Yogyakarta need orthodontic treatment with the highest malocclusions is Class I Angle malocclusion, and there is a correlation between age and orthodontic treatment needs.

Orthodontics Treatment Strategy and Management in a Child with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

This is a case of an 8-year-old male patient diagnosed with class 1 angle malocclusion, 9 mm overjet and 4.5 mm overbite, with thumb-sucking habit. The patient also has attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The goal of this study is to identify and determine appropriate orthodontics treatment management for patients with ADHD. Management behavior using behavioral shaping and tell-show-do technique during orthodontic treatment in patients with special needs contributes to how well the patient will cooperate with the dentists during treatment.

Evaluation of Disclusion Time in Various Angle's Malocclusions by T-Scan III System.

Objective The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the disclusion time (DT) in the lateral excursions and protrusion among subjects with Angle’s malocclusions using a T-Scan III system. Materials and Methods One hundred subjects with malocclusions were divided into Class I, Class II division 1, Class II division 2, and Class III ( n = 25 per group). All groups’ DT of each excursion was evaluated by a T-Scan III system. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, followed by a post hoc test, was used to analyze the numerical data at p < 0.05. Results In the respective malocclusions, means ± standard deviations in second(s) of the DT were 2.08 ± 0.65, 2.13 ± 0.74, 2.12 ± 0.72, and 3.19 ± 1.34 during left excursion; 2.15 ± 0.94, 2.58 ± 1.16, 2.37 ± 1.07, and 3.28 ± 1.25 during right excursion; and 1.88 ± 0.99, 2.08 ± 1.11, 2.07 ± 0.68, and 3.01 ± 1.53 during protrusion. When compared to Class I and Class II malocclusions, Class III showed a significantly higher mean DT of each excursion ( p < 0.05). Conclusion Class III had the significantly highest mean DT of each excursion and the significantly longest DT in all excursions.

Mandibular asymmetry in Angle malocclusion samples

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different types of occlusion on mandibular asymmetry by using panoramic radiography in various anatomical points.Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 100 patients whose panoramic images and malocclusions were registered in a patient database. Asymmetry indices were evaluated according to the Habets asymmetry index formula using linear and angular measurements of images. The effects of malocclusions, age and gender on the asymmetry indices were investigated and ˂0.05 p value was considered significant Results: Of the total 100 patients 51 (51%) were female and 49 (49%) were male. Associations were found between gender and the right corpus length, right and left gonial angle values, and between malocclusion and the right condylar height and right and left corpus length. Conclusion: Although values of some parameters varied with gender and malocclusion, there was no statistically significant relationship found between age, gender and malocclusion and asymmetry index values for any parameter.

Prevalence of Malocclusion using Angle classification within The Dental Students of Fayoum University, Egypt (A Survey Study)

Subjects : The sample of this study consisted of 1000 students (580 female and 420 male) studying in the Faculty of Dentistry, Fayoum University, Fayoum government , Egypt. The age ranged from 18 to 23 years old.Methods : All students should fulfill the following criteria : Having full permanent dentition without any missing teeth nor previous orthodontic treatment was the main inclusion criteria. The occlusion was assessed when the patients were guided to occlude in centric occlusion. All students were examined clinically on the dental chairs by single orthodontist. The collected data was statistically analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20 for Windows.Results : The results of the study revealed that 30.1% of the sample had normal occlusion and 69.9% had malocclusion. Class I malocclusion was found in 33.1% of the subjects , followed by Class II malocclusion in 20.2% and finally Class III malocclusion in 16.6% of .Conclusion : Angle malocclusion was found to be in 69.9% of sample. Class I malocclusion was of highest percentage followed by Class II malocclusion and finally Class III malocclusion .

Three-dimensional palatal anatomic characteristics' correlation with dermatoglyphic heterogeneity in Angle malocclusions.

To assess correlation of dermatoglyphic (DG) pattern with quantitative palatal anatomic parameters measured using three-dimensional (3D) scanning of dental casts and to explore the possibility of utilizing these to predict future occurrence of malocclusion. Pretreatment casts of 477 Saudi Arabian patients were divided into Class I, II, and III malocclusion groups. Fingerprints were recorded for all hand digits using a digital biometric device. Maxillary arch analysis was accomplished including intercanine, intermolar distance, palatal height, and palatal area. The results were statistically analyzed. The mean surface area of the palate was highest in Class II malocclusion. The DG pattern was not significantly associated with the type of malocclusion, except in the instance of the double loop characteristic (P = .05). There was a strong correlation, however, between DG characteristics like simple arch, loop, and double loop and palatal dimensions (intercanine, intermolar distance, and palatal height). Heterogeneity of DG pattern could be reliably used to predict palatal dimensions. Logistic regression revealed that only tented arch, symmetrical, spiral DG patterns and palatal area were significant but weak predictors of Angle malocclusion (P < .05). A novel correlation of DG pattern with 3D palatal anatomic characteristics was assessed in different Angle malocclusion classes. Few of the DG characteristics and palatal dimensions showed significant correlations. However, only some of these were significant predictors of Angle malocclusion.

Correlation of maxillary and mandibular arch form and tooth size ratio in ethnic Javanese malocclusion patient

Aims: Arch form is one of the important components that can relapse after orthodontic treatment. The relationship is between arch form and tooth size ratio (TSR) need to be evaluated that could help to determine extraction or nonextraction treatment in malocclusion. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation of maxillary and mandibular arch forms with TSR in ethnic Javanese Malocclusion Patient at Airlangga University Dental Hospital. Materials and Methods: This study was an observational, analytical study with cross-sectional and total sampling method. The samples consisted of 135 model study were chosen according to the inclusion criteria and distributed into malocclusion Class I, Class II, and Class III Angle's classification. All the samples were analyzed using Bolton's anterior and overall ratio, and the maxillary and mandibular arch forms were detected using mathematical ratio using (canine depth/molar depth (MD))/(canine width [CW]/molar width [MW]). Statistical Analysis: The correlation of maxillary and mandibular arch form with clinically significant TSR using Bolton's analysis is interpreted using Pearson correlation test (P 0.05) was found. While the anterior TSR in Class I Angle's malocclusion has a significant correlation with inter-CW in mandibular arch (P < 0.05). Conclusions: TSR was not affected by types of arch form either in maxillary or mandibular while the anterior TSR in Class I Angle's malocclusion did.

A Review on Comparison of Tooth Size Discrepancies among Angle\'s Class I, II, and III Malocclusion: Is There a Significance?

The contemporary article aims to review and compare various literatures concerning different conclusions regarding the correlation between tooth size discrepancy (TSD) and Angle's malocclusion groups. Acquiring the ideal occlusion plays one of the major roles while designing the treatment plan for an orthodontic patient, any alterations in the individual tooth sizes are called TSD and will hinder this prime requirement. By determining the correct tooth size ratio, it further helps in acquiring the accurate interdigitation, balanced occlusion, and also predicting the orthodontic treatment results. Various investigations were carried out to know the correlation between tooth size discrepancies and different malocclusion groups, of which, a few reported a statistically significant difference whereas others reported no significant difference. A computerized database quest was operated utilizing the Medline database (Pubmed/Medline) for original research and review articles. Publications between 1946 and 2018 were included. Four hundred twenty-one articles were recovered from database search and, among them, 66 articles were selected to review the full-article. Although a comparison was done between the tooth-size ratios and malocclusion groups (classes I, II, and III), many investigators noted no significant difference but there is an inadequacy in the data particularly related to subgroups of Angle's classification of malocclusion among these investigations; therefore, further studies are required to interpret this correlation. As there is high incidence of tooth size discrepancies noted in the previous literature orthodontist, Bolton's analysis regardless of malocclusion group, sex, and ethnicity is highly recommended.