Angle Class Research Articles

Srovnání změn v dolním zubním oblouku u pacientů léčených konvenčními zámky a samoligujícími zámky

Aim: The aim was to assess the changes in the mandible in patients treated with conventional brackets compared to those treated with self-ligating brackets. In particular, we focused on the degree of transversal changes and the length of therapy. Material and method: The sample included 43 patients; 11 men and 32 women. The mean age was 22.2 years. The patients had complete permanent dentition, were treated without extractions, molars in Angle Class I. The subjects were divided into two groups – conventional brackets, self-ligating brackets. Measurements were performed in scans of cast models made prior to therapy (T1), after removal of fixed appliance (T2), the length of treatment was given in months. The changes in intercanine and intermolar distance were compared in teeth and in relevant points on WALA ridge of the mandible. ORTODONCIE | ročník 33 | č. 2/2024 ODBORNÉ PRÁCE / ORGINAL ARTICLES 29 www.ortodonciejournal.cz | e-mail: redakce@ortodonciejournal.cz, office@ortodonciejournal.cz Results: In lower first molars the change in intermolar width was significant in both groups both at T1 and T2. The change was significantly bigger in the group with self-ligating brackets. The change in intercanine width between T2 and T1 was statistically significant only in the group with self-ligating brackets when measured on canine tips. Measurements at FA points (the most prominent point in the middle of longitudinal axis of the clinical crown) did not prove significant change. At WALA the change between T2 and T1 was significant only in the group with self-ligating brackets and only in first lower molars (clinically the change was small). The change in the distance WALA-FA in first lower molars on the left and on the right between T2 and T1 was statistically significant in both groups, however, it was significantly bigger in the group with self-ligating brackets. The difference in the length of therapy was not statistically significant. Conclusion: In patients with self-ligating brackets there is a greater expansion in first molars and canines. We can also observe more prominent vestibular inclination of canines and first molars. In patien

Pattern of malocclusion in patients with noma sequelae: The need for orthodontic and orthognathic therapy

Abstract Introduction: Noma is a gangrenous infection that destroys the orofacial structures and leaves the survivors with severe functional, psychosocial, and esthetic impairments. Malocclusion is one of the central sequelae that current Noma care often neglects. Aims: This study aimed to present the pattern of malocclusion in Noma survivors and highlight the role of orthodontic and orthognathic therapy in the management. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted over 6 months. After obtaining institutional ethical approval, all noma survivors with permanent teeth, including complete upper and lower molars at least on one side, who presented for review were included in the study. Patients’ demographics, Angle class of malocclusion, and various malocclusions were recorded. Data obtained were analyzed using the statistical package for the social sciences (IBM SPSS) version 25. Results: There were 35 (54.7%) males and 29 (45.3%) females in the age range of 12–36 years and a mean ± standard deviation of 22.52 ± 6.01 years. Most patients, 52 (81.3%), have Angle class 1 molar relation. Protrusion of anterior teeth was present in 34 (53.1%), posterior crossbite in 8 (12.5%), upper and lower teeth crowding in 11 (17.2%), isolated upper anterior crowding in 9 (16.7%), isolated lower anterior crowding in 4 (6.3%), and open bite in 5 (7.8%). Other dental malalignments, such as rotations and tooth displacement, were invariably present in 34 (53.1%). Conclusion: Malocclusion in noma survivors constitutes one of the most observable problems of noma sequelae. Orthodontic and orthognathic therapy could promote these patients’ surgical, esthetic, and psychosocial rehabilitation.

Metallic vs Ceramic Bracket Failures After 12 Months of Treatment: A Prospective Clinical Trial

IntroductionOrthodontic treatment with fixed vestibular appliances is still widely used worldwide. When choosing the aesthetic alternative of ceramic brackets, the possibility of failure and cracking of braces should be considered. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to compare the failure rates of ceramic and metal brackets in a 12-month clinical study. MethodsEighty patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment with vestibular appliances were enrolled and divided into 2 equal groups: MET for metal brackets and CER for ceramic brackets. After bonding, bracket failures were recorded for 12 months, along with the archwire placed at the time of failure. Angle's dental class, skeletal class, Wits appraisal, Little's irregularity index, overjet, overbite, age, and gender of the patients were recorded from pretreatment cephalometric tracings and study casts. The data were statistically analysed (P < .05). ResultsSignificantly higher failure rates were found for ceramic brackets in the overall analysis, in the mandibular arch, and in the posterior region. Regression analysis revealed a significant influence of round nickel-titanium archwires on higher failure rates, whilst a significant influence of rectangular archwires was found on lower failure rates. ConclusionsCeramic brackets showed higher failure rates. Patients should be aware that orthodontic treatment with ceramic brackets may involve delays and inconvenience due to the higher failure rate compared to metal brackets.

Evaluation of cranio-cervical muscle activity in adolescents with different malocclusions: a pilot surface emg study

Aims: This study aimed to investigate potential differences in cranio-cervical muscular activation among adolescents with different types of malocclusion. Methods: This study involved thirty-two adolescents aged 10-15 years, categorized into three groups based on Angle. Angle Class I/control group (n=10), Angle Class II (n=12), and Angle Class III (n=10). Surface electromyography (EMG) was utilized to evaluate the activation levels of the Masseter, Temporalis Anterior, Cervical Erector Spinae, Sternocleidomastoid, and Upper Trapezius muscles. Measurements were obtained during mandibular rest, maximum clenching, and chewing tasks. Results: The surface EMG activity of the Upper Trapezius muscle exhibited significant elevation in participants with Class III malocclusions relative to the other groups (p&lt;0.05). While cranio-cervical muscle activities tended to be higher in the groups of Angle Class II and Class III in comparison to the Angle Class I, these differences did not achieve statistical significance, with the exception of the Upper Trapezius muscle (p&gt;0.05). Conclusion: These findings indicate a link between malocclusion types and modified muscle activation patterns in the cranio-cervical region, specifically involving the Upper Trapezius muscle. Insights into cranio-cervical muscle activity can enhance the comprehensive evaluation of malocclusion effects and provide valuable guidance for orthodontic and rehabilitation interventions.

Three-Dimensional Assessment of Upper Airway Volume and Morphology in Patients with Different Sagittal Skeletal Patterns.

The relationship between respiratory function and craniofacial morphology has garnered significant attention due to its implications for upper airway and stomatognathic development. Nasal breathing plays a key role in craniofacial growth and dental positioning. This study investigated upper airway morphology and volume differences among individuals with class I, II, and III skeletal anomalies. Ninety orthodontic patients' CBCT scans were analyzed to assess the oropharynx and hypopharynx volumes. Skeletal diagnosis was established based on the cephalometric analysis. A significant volume change in the oropharynx and pharynx was demonstrated when comparing class II with class III anomalies (p = 0.0414, p = 0.0313). The total volume of the pharynx was increased in class III anomalies. The area of the narrowest part of the pharynx (MIN-CSA) significantly decreased in classes I and II compared to class III (p = 0.0289, p = 0.0003). Patients with Angle class III anomalies exhibited higher values in the narrowest pharyngeal segment. Gender differences were significant in pharyngeal volumes and morphologies across malocclusion classes. The narrowest segment of the pharynx had the highest values in patients with Angle class III. The volume of the oropharynx was found to be greater in patients with Angle class III versus patients with Angle class II.

Evaluation of open-face maxillary complete denture for patients with prominent premaxilla: a crossover study.

The establishment of good facial esthetics is one of the main objectives of complete denture construction. Unfortunately, it may be the caused issue for patients having a prominent premaxilla due to excessive lip support by the labial flange of the maxillary denture. Open-face dentures (OFD) may suggest suitable prosthetic management for these patients. However, clinical evidence regarding the efficiency of OFD is scarce. A total of 38 completely edentulous participants having prominent premaxilla and skeletal class I Angle's classification were enrolled in this study. Each participant received a mandibular complete denture and 2 opposing maxillary dentures; conventional (CD) and open-face (OFD). On the day of denture insertion, the participants were divided into 2 groups; CD-OFD and OFD-CD where CD-OFD group was instructed to use the mandibular denture and the maxillary CD for 3 months and then to use the maxillary OFD for another 3 months after a wash-out period of 2 weeks. While group OFD-CD was instructed to use the mandibular denture and the maxillary OFD for 3 months then to use the maxillary CD for another 3 months after a wash-out period of 2 weeks. The dislodging force of the maxillary dentures was evaluated using the universal testing machine and the patient perception of retention, esthetics, and comfort was evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). Evaluation was carried out 1 day, 1 month, and 3 months after denture insertion. The Student t-test was used to compare the 2 maxillary dentures and the intervals for each denture were compared by using the ANOVA test with repeated measures followed by a Post Hoc test (adjusted Bonferroni) for pairwise comparison. The significance of the obtained results was judged at the 5% level (P value). The dislodging force and patient perception of retention did not show significant differences between the 2 dentures, while the perception of esthetics showed significant differences throughout the follow-up period. Perception of comfort showed an insignificant difference only at the 3-month interval. Open-face maxillary dentures can be a suitable alternative for patients with prominent premaxilla to achieve satisfactory retention, aesthetics, and comfort.

A 3D Evaluation of Condyle Position of Skeletal Class I and III Patients: A Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Technique

Purpose: The present study aims to assess the differences in the condyle position for two skeletal classes using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) reconstructions for both sides and genders.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the CBCT images of 96 patients (20-60 years) were assessed. The participants were divided according to their Angle malocclusion classifications (Angle Classes I and III). The variables of the Anterior-Posterior position of the Condyle (APC), condylar angle in the axial plane (ACA), the Lateral Position of the Condyle in the axial plane (LPC), the Vertical Position of the Condyle (VPC), condylar angle in coronal dimension (CCA), and the difference of APC and VPC on both sides were measured. The measurements were analyzed using a one‑way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test.&#x0D; Results: The variables of APC, LPC, ACA, VDC, and the difference of the APC on both sides in the two skeletal classes were similar. The VPC and CCA were greater in Class III than in Class I. All variables representing the 3D position of the condyle were similar in men and women, as well as on the right and left in both skeletal classes, I and III.&#x0D; Conclusion: Based on the 3D evaluation results of the condylar position, the skeletal classes III and I differed in the VPC and CCA; however, for the rest variables, there were no statistical differences.

Correlation between combined deflection angle classification adduction typing and complications after internal fixation of adduction femoral neck fracture

To analyze the correlation between postoperative complications and combined deflection angle classification adduction type (CDAC-ADT) of femoral neck fractures after cannulated screw internal fixation. The clinical data of 121 patients with CDAC-ADT femoral neck fracture admitted between January 2018 and December 2021 and met the selected criteria were retrospectively analyzed. There were 69 males and 52 females, the age ranged from 19 to 79 years (mean, 48.1 years). The causes of injury included 52 cases of traffic accident, 24 cases of falling from height, and 45 cases of fall. The time from injury to operation ranged from 2 to 12 days, with an average of 6.0 days. Among them, there were 18 cases of CDAC-ADT type Ⅰ, 46 cases of type Ⅱ, and 57 cases of type Ⅲ; 6 cases of Garden type Ⅱ, 103 cases of type Ⅲ, and 12 cases of type Ⅳ; and according to the location of the fracture line, there were 26 cases of subcapitate type, 88 cases of transcervical type, and 7 cases of basal type. All patients were treated with cannulated screw internal fixation. The occurrence of complications (including internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head) was recorded, and the correlation between complications and CDAC-ADT typing, Garden typing, and fracture line location were analyzed. The patients were followed up 8-44 months, with a mean of 24.9 months. There were 10 cases of internal fixation failure, 7 cases of fracture nonunion, and 30 cases of osteonecrosis of the femoral head after operation. Correlation analysis showed that patients' CDAC-ADT typing was significantly correlated with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P<0.05), and the Pearson coefficient of contingency were 0.435, 0.251, 0.254, and 0.241, respectively. Garden typing did not correlate with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure and fracture nonunion ( P>0.05), but correlated with the incidence of osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P<0.05), and the Pearson coefficient of contingency was 0.251. Fracture line position typing had no correlation with the overall incidence of complication and the incidence of internal fixation failure, fracture nonunion, and osteonecrosis of the femoral head ( P>0.05). CDAC-ADT typing has obvious correlation with postoperative complications of femoral neck fracture and can be used to predict complications of femoral neck fracture.

Orthognathic Surgery Trending: Retrospective Ten Years Cases Analysis in Nineveh Province, Iraq.

The study aimed at analyzing patient's case sheets in regard to the incidence of skeletal discrepancy present in cases and its relation with the demographic profile of the sample. All these are chronicled for more than 10 years periods. This is a retrospective study analysis of the orthognathic case sheets for more than 10 years period. The total numbers of patients are 678. Patient's case sheet was already prepared by the Multi-Disciplinary Team Orthognathic Surgery Clinic in Al-Salam Teaching Hospital, which is the only authorized committee in Nineveh Health Directorate. The highest age percentage is between (18 and 27y/76%). Angle class III cases are the uppermost cases (36%) from the total. A significant P value is clear at the level ≤0.05 and ≤0.01 between surgery type and discrepancy in anterior segmental osteotomies (upper and lower) which is performed in bi-maxillary protrusion cases and Angle class II cases (0.01**). Similarly, anterior segmental osteotomies (upper jaw only) which are indicated in both open bite and Angle Class II cases documented as a statistically significant P value (0.02*). The positive correlation is shown in all variables with the disharmony or facial discrepancies. Esthetic and beauty as causes for treatment recorded more than function in relation to time series. This study documents that patients with skeletal class III accounted for the largest percentage (64%) in the study group. A high increase in patients number seeking treatment for their discrepancy is obvious with time from 2009 till 2022.

Palatal Morphology After Treatment of Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnoea Using the Modified Twin-Block Appliance

ObjectiveTo investigate changes in the upper maxillary palates of children with obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and mandibular retraction who were treated using modified twin-block appliances (MTBAs). MethodsThirty-five OSA children (age: 6-12 years) with mandibular retraction were included as the experimental group and 35 children who were Angle's class I but without mandibular retraction were included as the control group. The experimental group was treated with MTBA. Plaster models were made before the treatment and at the end of the 6-month treatment period. Plaster models of the control group were made at inclusion and after 6 months. Some plaster models were excluded because of damage or their failure to exhibit sufficiently clear marks, which left 26 pairs each for the experimental and control groups. The gender and age of the experimental group were matched with those of the control group at the end of the treatment. Three-dimensional (3D) digital model information was gathered using the external oral scanning model, and the data were extracted and analysed statistically to clarify the morphologic improvement in the maxillopalatine in OSA children treated using MTBAs. ResultsAfter the OSA children with mandibular retraction were treated with MTBAs, the maxillary intercusp width, intermolar width, anterior palate width, posterior palate width, and surface area and volume of the maxillary palate significantly increased (*P < .05). By contrast, the anterior palatal height–apex level (H3) significantly decreased (*P < .05). ConclusionsCompared with the control group, the narrow maxillary arch and basal bone were significantly enlarged after the OSA children with mandibular retraction were treated using MTBAs. The palatal surface area and volume increased, thereby allowing more space for accommodating the tongue and relieving transverse dissonance of the dentition.

The Association of Body Mass Index and Early Outcomes Following Orthognathic Surgery

The existing data on the link between body mass index (BMI), operative characteristics, and surgical outcomes across orthognathic surgery are limited. The purpose was to measure the association between BMI and early postoperative outcomes in orthognathic surgery. This is a retrospective cohort study of patients (n=118) aged > 14years undergoing bimaxillary orthognathic surgery between 2015 and 2018 by a single surgeon within the Kaiser Permanente Northern California-integrated healthcare system. Patients undergoing unilateral or additional procedures, history of prior orthognathic surgery, or pre-existing pain conditions were excluded. The predictor variable was BMI measured as a continuous (kg/m2) and categorical variable (underweight/normal, overweight, obese). The primary outcome variables were additional postoperative antibiotics, increased postoperative visits, wound dehiscence, and wound infection. The secondary outcome variables were total operative and anesthesia time. The demographic covariates included age, sex, and race/ethnicity. The clinical covariates included history of obstructive sleep apnea, Mallampati score, tobacco use, American Society of Anesthesia classification, thyromental distance, history of difficult intubation, and Angle's classification. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed to measure the associations between BMI and the primary and secondary outcomes. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to measure associations between BMI and the postoperative outcomes. Statistical significance was defined as P<.05. The study sample was composed of 118 subjects with a mean age of 26.91years (standard deviation 9.43). Forty-seven percent (n=55) were male, and the mean BMI was 25.13 (standard deviation 5.19). BMI category was significantly associated with age, with increasing age associated with higher BMI category (P=.02). According to the bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses, controlling for age, race/ethnicity, BMI, and total operative time, increased total operative time was associated with additional postoperative antibiotics (odds ratio=1.03, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.05), and increased postoperative appointments (odds ratio=1.02, 95% confidence interval: 1.01, 1.04). No significant association between BMI and other clinical or operative characteristics was seen aside from American Society of Anesthesia classification. Elevated BMI was not associated with worsened operative characteristics or postoperative outcomes. This supports the suitability of orthognathic surgery in a BMI-diverse population.

Autotransplanted premolars for substituting traumatic maxillary central incisors in a Class II growing patient

A 10-year-old young Hispanic male patient was referred to the Endodontics Department with the chief complaint of color change of maxillary central incisors. The parents reported trauma one year before and as a result root canal treatment; maxillary central incisors extractions were necessary due to poor prognosis, so he was referred to the Orthodontics Department to evaluate if the patient could be the candidate for orthodontic treatment, as he showed severe crowding. The patient had no medical conditions, and the pretreatment records showed a Class II skeletal relation and vertical pattern. Dental findings were mixed dentition, an Angle Class II molar relationship, moderate upper and lower anterior crowding, 4 mm of overbite, and 7 mm of overjet. The patient underwent autotransplantation of maxillary second premolars into the place of maxillary central incisors that needed to be extracted as stated by the endodontist (premolar extractions were needed to solve the orthodontic problems). The suggested position for the autotransplant teeth was not accomplished by the surgeon, so orthodontic forces were applied to the autotransplant teeth to the ideal position. At the end of orthodontic treatment, the autotransplanted teeth were restored by the prosthodontist. Therefore, the facial balance improved, and the final occlusal relationships were good. COVID-19 global lockdown was a challenging obstacle to overcome during treatment. This case report intends to highlight the potential benefits of tooth autotransplantation and to increase awareness of this treatment protocol.

Malocclusion among patients at Agartala, Tripura, India.

Malocclusion is the mal-relationship of dental arches with or without an irregularity of the teeth. Therefore, it is of interest to estimate the rate of occurrence of malocclusion within the population of Agartala city, Tripura, India. The study included 850 individuals ranging from 16 to 24 years of age, which were categorized into five distinct classifications, namely normal occlusion, Angle's Class I malocclusion, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III malocclusion. Data shows that normal occlusal alignment was observed in 29.41% of the participants, whereas a majority of 70.59% exhibited various forms of malocclusion among this population.

Efektifitas Plat Ekspansi dan Simple Spring

Improving occlusion and tooth alignment can be achieved through orthodontic treatment. Orthodontic appliances can also correct crowded teeth, which are common in Indonesia. The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using expansion plates to create space and simple springs to correct the malposition of anterior teeth in the upper and lower jaws, specifically teeth 11, 31, and 41. A 22-year-old female patient with an overjet of 4.2 mm and an overbite of 2.7 mm. First molar relationship on the right and left sides: Angle's Class I. Canine relationship on the right and left sides: Class I. Malposit ion of the patient's individual teeth: 11 (distolabioversion), 15 (mesiopalatotorsion), 23 (mesiolabioversion), 25 (mesiopalatotorsion), 31 (mesiolingualversion), 33 (mesiolabiotorsion), and 41 (distolabioversion). Lateral expansion of 0.85 mm will be performed and tooth malpositions will be corrected using an active plate in the form of a simple spring on teeth 11, 21, 31, and 41. Tooth malpositions on elements 11 distolabioversion (corrected), 31 mesiolingualversion (corrected), and 41 distolabioversion (corrected). During visits 16 to 20, the operator performed retraction by activating a labial arch. There was a change in overjet from 4.2 mm to 3.15 mm. The treatment was effective in correcting the malposition of teeth 11, 31, and 41. The patient exhibited tooth movement mesially towards the labial direction, thus correcting the patient's teeth towards the ideal position.

Jensen–Shannon Divergence You Only Look Once: A Real‐Time Robotic Grasp Detection Network

In this article, the arbitrary‐oriented object detection problem with application in robotic grasping is addressed. A novel Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD)– You Only Look Once (YOLO) model is proposed, which enables real‐time grasp detection with high performance. The one‐stage object detection network YOLOv5 is modified with a decoupled head, which solves the angle classification problem and rectangle parameter regression problem separately, such that the YOLOv5 network is applicable for robotic grasping and the detection accuracy is significantly improved. A circular smooth label angle classification method is proposed to tackle the boundary discontinuity problem in angle regression, and the periodicity of the angle prediction is guaranteed. A novel Jensen–Shannon intersection of union is designed to calculate the intersection over union of oriented rectangles, which aims to better measure the discrepancies between the prediction and the ground truth and to avoid the singularity problem when two rectangles are not overlapped. Extensive evaluation on the Cornell and visual manipulation relationship dataset datasets demonstrates the effectiveness of the JSD–YOLO model in general robotic grasp operations, with 99.7% and 95.7% image‐wise split accuracy, respectively.

Comparison study of chewing efficiency in patients with different vertical skeletal patterns of Angle Class I and Angle Class II malocclusions.

The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the differences in chewing efficiency among patients with different vertical skeletal types of Angle Class I and Angle Class II malocclusions, to provide reference for orthodontic clinical practice. Sample size estimation revealed a minimum of 53 for each class. Thus, a total of 108 patients with Angle Class I and Angle Class II malocclusions were selected. Lateral skull radiographs were taken, and head measurements were analyzed via geometric tracing software. Chewing efficiency was measured using the gravimetric method to compare between the two groups. The vertical skeletal pattern was classified via Steiner analysis. Significant statistical differences in chewing efficiency were observed between patients presenting with Angle Class I and Angle Class II malocclusions (P < .05). Additionally, significant differences in chewing efficiency were observed among patients with different vertical skeletal patterns (P < .05). Furthermore, a statistically significant difference in chewing efficiency was found between men and women (P < .05). Patients with Angle Class I malocclusions exhibited significantly higher chewing efficiency compared to those with Angle Class II malocclusions. Among patients with different vertical facial types, the chewing efficiency followed the order of low angle > normal angle > high angle. Moreover, men demonstrated a higher chewing efficiency than women.

Prevalence of Malocclusions among Schoolchildren from Southwestern Romania.

Malocclusions have a continuously increasing prevalence from one generation to another as a result of climate change, soil, atmosphere, and water pollution. All of these aspects have unfavorable consequences for the nutritional scheme. Thus, nutrition, together with other etiopathogenic factors, contributes to complex alterations in the somatic development of the entire organism and, implicitly, of the cephalic extremity. The study group included 4147 children from randomly selected schools from Vâlcea County, Romania. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of malocclusions in schoolchildren in Vâlcea County, Romania, according to the three main classes of malocclusions (according to Angle's classification), age groups (from 6 to 10 years old and from 11 to 14 years old), gender (male and female), and place of origin (rural and urban). For Angle class I malocclusions, we recorded the highest prevalence (48.78% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), followed by Angle class II malocclusions (45.85% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions), and for Angle class III malocclusions we found the lowest prevalence (5.37% of the total number of schoolchildren with malocclusions). According to gender, we found the highest prevalence in the female gender (29.90% of the total number of female subjects), while in the male gender, we recorded a prevalence of 27.70% of the total number of male subjects. Regarding the place of origin, there is a higher prevalence of malocclusions in urban areas (29.16%). The study subgroup included 140 children randomly selected from the total number of subjects in the study group. They were included in a more advanced study. The aim is to find potential associations between the presence of malocclusions and various oral variables. Categorical variables were expressed as numerical values and percentages, and their association was evaluated with either the Chi-square test of association or homogeneity, or the Fisher Exact test. The acquired data were incorporated into a binomial logistic regression model to assess the likelihood of developing malocclusions in relation to the following variables: defective phonation, bruxism, frequency of teeth brushing, onychophagia, oral respiration, infantile deglutition, placing objects between the maxillaries, thumb sucking, and salivary aspects. It is also aimed at comparing the results obtained with similar ones from the specialized literature.

Correction of Maxillary Multiple Diastem and Mandibular Crowding with Removable Orthodontic

Crowding and diastema are common malocclusion conditions that occur due to a discrepancy between tooth size and jaw size. The treatment that can be done is based on the severity of the case. Mild cases of malposition can be treated with removable orthodontic appliances. This article aims to show the analysis how an active plate device with a simple spring was used to treat multiple maxillary diastemas and anterior crowding of the mandible. The patient complained that his upper front teeth gap and his lower teeth were crowded. It does not interfere with the appearance, but sometimes open food is tucked between the front teeth. The patient has never used an orthodontic appliance before. Molar relation: Malocclusion Angle class 1 type dental with mild individual tooth malposition. Twenty-two treatment visits were performed. Treatment was carried out using an active plate with a simple spring on teeth 13, interdental 31-41, and 43; retentive components using Adam Clamer on teeth 16, 26, 36, and 46; long labial arch with U loops on the right and left permanent 1st premolar teeth. In the 22nd control, the results showed that teeth 11, 21, and 43 malpositions were corrected, and the diastema was closed on tooth 14 against 13 and tooth 21 against 22. In addition, the width of the diastema on interdental 13-12, 12-11, and 22-23 was reduced to 0.05 mm. An active plate with a simple spring can correct diastema and mild crowding of the anterior teeth

Pycnodysostosis: Characteristics of teeth, mouth and jaws.

To describe the clinical and radiographic oro-dental characteristics of patients with pycnodysostosis (PDO). A short interview and clinical examination of seven patients with PDO were performed as well as assessment of the temporomandibular joints and masticatory muscles using the diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders, DC-TMD form. A full set of records were taken including photos and intraoral scan. Finally, existing cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images and radiographs were also studied. All patients presented with bimaxillary micrognathia, five had a convex profile, and two had a straight profile. In addition, posterior open bite, Angle Class III molar relation with accompanying anterior crossbite and a grooved median palate were common findings. No patient showed symptoms of temporomandibular disorder (TMD) apart from some clicking. Finally, the main radiographic findings were the obtuse mandibular angle, the frontal bossing, the elongation of the coronoid/condylar process and the presence of hypercementosis with obliterated pulp chambers. The examined patients with PDO were characterized by dental crowding, malocclusion (anterior crossbite, posterior open bite), hypercementosis, obliterated pulp chambers and deviations in mandibular morphology. In conclusion, patients with PDO have a specific need for dental and orthodontic monitoring with focus on crowding and posterior open bite. The patients will benefit from a long-term orthodontic plan including extractions.

Predictability of Orthodontic Space Closure Using Invisalign Clear Aligners: A Retrospective Study.

Introduction Clear aligners have demonstrated success in achieving complex tooth movements. However, orthodontists have faced challenges related to the predictability of clear aligners. This retrospective study aimed to assess the predictability of ClinCheck® accuracy in space closure before and after Invisalign® treatment and to identify factors associated with the need for refinement. Methods Patient records from one private clinic in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, were analyzed, and a sample of 55 adult patients who had spacing and underwent Invisalign treatment were included. Data on demographic and orthodontic variables were collected, and a chi-square test was conducted to examine the association between the requirement for refinement and demographic as well as clinical/orthodontic factors. Furthermore, the initial and final space measurements were compared using paired t-tests across various demographic and clinical/orthodontic variables. Results After completing the treatment, 70.9% (N=39) of the cases did not require any orthodontic refinement. The mean final space measurement was higher for males compared to females (0.7 mm and 0.4 mm, respectively), individuals who received treatment in the upper compared to lower arch (0.5 and 0.4 mm, respectively), those with moderate compared to mild spacing (0.5 and 0.1 mm, respectively), and those with class III compared to class I Angle classification (0.9 and 0.3 mm, respectively). Additionally, patients with severe spacing had a significantly higher probability of requiring refinement compared to patients with mild spacing (adjusted odds ratio = 20.9; p < 0.05). Conclusion The study emphasizes the significance of careful patient selection and treatment planning, suggesting that orthodontists should consider overcorrecting in space closure when using clear aligners, especially in cases with more significant spacing.