Angle Class Research Articles

Ponticulus posticus and skeletal malocclusion: A pilot study in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic court.

Ponticulus posticus (PP) is a bony protrusion located between the posterior portion of the superior articular process and the posterolateral portion of a posterior arch of the atlas vertebrae in the cervical spine. The aim of this study is to verify the presence of different types of PP in a Southern Italian pre-orthodontic cohort to understand its correlation with skeletal class and maturity. A case-control retrospective study was conducted, utilizing 212 latero-lateral telecranium radiographs to analyze skeletal maturity according to the cervical vertebral maturation method, the Angle's classification of malocclusion (I, II, or III), and the presence or absence of the PP, whether complete (c-PP) or partial (p-PP). A total of 212 lateral cephalograms were analyzed. Of the 72 male patients, 67 (93%) exhibited PP, and 116 (88%) were PP. The chi-square value was 0.001, while Cramer's V was 0.270, indicating a significant correlation between age groups and PP presence, and a very strong association overall. Out of the 41 complete PP cases, class I was notably more prevalent than classes II and III. Orthodontists should carefully consider PP when assessing and treating individuals with or without skeletal discrepancies and dental anomalies.

Craniosynostosis: orofacial and oral health perspectives with masticatory insights

BackgroundCraniosynostosis (CS), premature fusion of one or more cranial sutures, leads to abnormal skull development, impacting both facial esthetics and oral function. This study aimed to evaluate the specific orofacial and oral health characteristics, including masticatory performance, in Thai patients with CS.MethodsA comparative study was conducted with Thai CS patients aged 6–17 years and a control group of healthy individuals with similar age distribution. Assessments included craniofacial morphology, oral health status, and masticatory performance. Intergroup comparisons utilized appropriate statistical tests.ResultsThe study included 24 CS patients with a mean age of 10.11 ± 2.98 years and 30 controls. CS patients exhibited a significantly higher prevalence of various oral conditions compared to controls: cleft palate (20.8%), anterior open bite (41.7%), anterior crossbite (54.2%), posterior crossbite (50%), combined anterior–posterior crossbite (45.8%), dental crowding in both maxilla and mandible (50% and 45.8% respectively), congenitally missing teeth (50%), supernumerary teeth (12.5%), and eruption failure (54.2%). Furthermore, CS patients exhibited significantly higher caries prevalence and susceptibility, alongside poorer oral hygiene, compared to controls. Regarding jaw relationships, CS patients exhibited a significantly higher proportion of Angle's Class III malocclusion (50%) compared to the control group, where Class I malocclusion was predominant (50%). Masticatory performance, assessed using the two-color gum mixing ability test, showed significantly higher hue variance in CS patients (0.12 ± 0.07) compared to the control group, indicating reduced chewing performance.ConclusionThis study underscores the significant orofacial and oral health challenges faced by children with CS, including a high prevalence of malocclusions, dental anomalies, elevated caries experience, and compromised masticatory function. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored interventions and comprehensive oral healthcare strategies to address the unique needs of this population and improve their overall quality of life.

A New Index for Cervical Curvature Evaluation - Relative Cervical Curvature Area

ObjectiveTo put forward a new index of cervical curvature evaluation - relative cervical curvature area,and a new classification of cervical spine was proposed according to the relative cervical curvature area. MethodsA total of 167 subjects with cervical spondylosis were included in the study. Firstly, 119 subjects were selected to measure C2-C7 lordosis angle by Cobb angle method, Harrison posterior tangent method and Jackson physiological stress line method, and then their relative cervical curvature area, C1-C7 Cobb angle, C7 slope and T1 slope were measured.The correlation between relative cervical curvature area and three measurement methods and common sagittal parameters was analyzed.According to the angle classification method, we calculated the diagnostic boundary value of the relative cervical curvature area classification, and selected 48 subjects to evaluate its diagnostic efficacy.Finally, 119 subjects were re-evaluated according to the diagnostic threshold and the number of intersections to verify the feasibility of the new classification. ResultsThe results showed that the relative cervical curvature area index had good intra-observer and inter-observer repeatability. Relative cervical curvature area was correlated with Harrison posterior tangent method ( r = 0.930 ), Cobb angle method ( r = 0.886 ) and Jackson physiological stress line method ( r = 0.920 ), and correlated with C1-C7 Cobb angle, C7 slope and T1 slope.The relative cervical curvature area has a good diagnostic performance for distinguishing patients with lordosis, straightening and kyphosis.According to the new classification of cervical spine, 119 subjects were divided into 57 simple lordosis, 11 simple straightening, 4 simple kyphosis, 26 S-type and 21 RS-type. ConclusionThe relative cervical curvature area uses the area parameter instead of the original angle parameter and distance parameter to incorporate the change of segmental curvature, which makes up for the shortcomings of the Cobb angle method that only evaluates the curvature of two vertebrae, and better reflects the cervical curvature.Studies have shown that relative cervical curvature area has good repeatability and diagnostic value, and found that it has a good correlation with common cervical sagittal parameters.The new classification of cervical spine makes up for the disadvantage that the angle classification method cannot distinguish between S-type and RS-type, and initially proposes to use the number of intersections and the relative absolute value area to reflect the severity of S-type.

Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Study of Incisive Canal and Maxillary Central Incisors in Dravidian Population.

En-masse maxillary anterior retraction is necessary to attain an esthetic profile in Angle's class I bimaxillary dentoalveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusion. The objective of this study was to evaluate configurational relationships between maxillary incisors and incisive canal in Angle's class I bialveolar protrusion and Angle's class II division 1 malocclusionby cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). A total of 108 adult CBCT scans of 54-skeletal class I bialveolar protrusion and 54-skeletal class II division 1 malocclusions were retrospectively analyzed. Angles between palatal plane and axis of maxillary alveolar border (θ1),incisive canal (θ2), and maxillary right central incisor (θ3) were measured in relation to the midsagittal plane. Linear measurements such as incisive canal width (IC-IC), medial inter-root distance (Rm-Rm), posterior inter-root distance (Rp-Rp), anteroposterior distance from Rm to tangent of right central incisor (11 Rm-Cat), and left central incisor (21 Rm-Cat)corresponding to three vertical levels (L1, L2, and L3) were assessed in axial cross-sectional plane. Association among angular measurements was examined by Spearman correlation coefficient analysis. Mann-Whitney U test compared variables of linear measurements at three vertical levels. Estimated distance from incisor root to incisive canal was 5-6 mm in both groups slightly influenced by skeletal class and vertical levels but not gender. Mann-Whitney test demonstrated significant differences between groups at three vertical levels (p<0.05). Only θ2 revealed a significant difference (p<0.05) between malocclusions compared to θ1 and θ3. The angular measurements for both malocclusions were positively correlated (p<0.05). Sagittal root-canal cortical plate distance varied significantly in both malocclusions (5-6 mm). Inter-root distance (Rp-Rp) was greater than incisive canal width (IC-IC) at all three vertical levels indicating a reduced possibility of canal invasion after maximum retraction at posterior levels.

Prevalence of Malocclusion and Orthodontic Treatment Need in 9- to 12-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

Background The prevalence of malocclusion in Mongolia is increasing every year. Estimating the need for orthodontic treatment in the population is crucial for planning orthodontic care services and monitoring oral health programs. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess the need for orthodontic treatment among schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, using the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN). Methods A total of 656 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years were enrolled from 8 schools located in urban and suburban areas of 6 districts of Ulaanbaatar city. All the children were assessed according to the two components of the IOTN, the Dental Health Component (DHC) and the aesthetic component (AC). Statistical analyses were carried out using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 28 (Released 2021; IBM Corp., Armonk, New York, United States). Results The prevalence of malocclusion was 561 (84.5%), consisting of 452 (68%) Angle Class I, 178 (26.8%) Angle Class II, and 34 (5.2%) Angle Class III malocclusion. For the DHC, the moderate need for treatment was 194 (29.3%) and the definite need was 53 (8.1%). For the AC, the moderate need was 148 (22.3%) and the definite need was 45 (6.9%). The association between the DHC and the AC was found to be statistically significant (p<0.001). The most common malocclusions were an increased overjet (maxillary protrusion), a contact point displacement (crowding), and an increased overbite (deep bite). The AC, Angle's molar relationship, an increased overjet, a contact point displacement, and an increased overbite were factors associated with the need for orthodontic treatment. Conclusion Approximately one-third of schoolchildren in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, require orthodontic treatment. This finding helps dental practitioners to better understand oral health problems, leading to an improvement in the overall quality of life of children.

Dental Occlusion as A Health Risk for Visual Acuity in Relation to Salivary Transforming Growth Factor Beta-1 ( TGF-Β1) Among Students Aged 8-10 Years

Background: Correct mouth function is one of the functional matrices that contribute to the growth of the maxilla, which is connected to the growth of orbit, and vice versa. Objective: to ascertain how dental malocclusion affects the visual acuity-related salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1). Patients and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study on 653 students, 8–10 years of age from elementary schools in the governorate of Al-Diwaniyah during the period from 1st of November 2022 to 30th March 2023. Using the Snellen E chart and Angle's classification to identify malocclusion, they were subjected to visual-capacity testing for refractive disorders. Sub-samples were selected from the normal and visually impaired groups for salivary transforming growth factor beta-1 salivary analysis measurement. Results: Only 70 out of 653 students were found to have reduced visual acuity. When compared to students with normal visual acuity, they had significantly higher levels of salivary transforming growth factor beta-1. Those with reduced visual acuity were found to have a much higher occurrence of dental malocclusion utilizing molar's relation of Angle's categorization. Conclusion: The students with impaired visual acuity were more likely to have dental malocclusions and increased levels of TGF-β1.

Root Resorption and Alveolar Bone Changes in the Maxillary Canine Retraction Using NiTi Closed-Coil Springs Versus Elastomeric Chains: A Split-Mouth Trial.

To compare apical root resorption and alveolar bone changes induced by the maxillary canine closure procedure performed on patients with Angle Class I malocclusion using NiTi closed-coil springs versus elastomeric chains. Thirty-one adult patients who had been instructed to undergo bilateral maxillary first premolar extraction completed a randomized clinical trial split-mouth study with a double-blind design. Elastomeric chains will be used on the left side, and NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the right side for patients with even numbers. Elastomeric chains will be used on the right side of patients with an odd number, whereas NiTi closed-coil springs will be used on the left side of patients. For each patient, cone-beam computed tomography of the maxillary canine and lateral cephalometric radiographs were carried out before and after treatment to evaluate apical root resorption and perform cephalometric measurements. The tooth root length decreased by 0.90 ± 0.60 mm in the NiTi closed-coil spring group. The alveolar bone level increased by 0.53 ± 0.66 mm on the buccal side and by 0.79 ± 0.72 mm on the lingual side. These changes were statistically significant (P < 0.001). In the elastomeric chain group, the tooth root length was decreased by 0.92 ± 0.69 mm, and the levels of vertical buccal and lingual alveolar bone increased significantly (P < 0.001). Compared to NiTi closed-coil springs and elastomeric chain groups, there was a 0.03 ± 0.878 mm difference in the tooth root length; however, this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.878). Elastomeric chains and NiTi closed-coil springs both generated tooth root resorption, but the results were comparable and the difference was not statistically significant. There was no statistically significant difference between the elastomeric chain and NiTi closed-coil spring groups regarding the changes in alveolar bone loss around the maxillary canines.

Three-dimensional evaluation of temporomandibular joint and dental asymmetries in angle class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion

Abstract Background Management of class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion has consistently offered an important challenge for orthodontic professionals. This problem arises not only from the complexities associated with its treatment but also from the complex nature of its asymmetric characteristics. Understanding the properties of asymmetry in this particular malocclusion has significant importance. Objectives Evaluate the features of temporomandibular joint and dental asymmetries in angle class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion by using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Patients and methods Forty CBCT scans of adult patients were analyzed and divided into two groups: 20 CBCT for each group skeletal and dental measurements were measured and compared among both groups to evaluate the features temporomandibular joint and dental asymmetries in class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion. Results Dental parameters were significantly different (P &lt; 0.01) between right and left sides in maxillary sagittal position (mandibular first), maxillary and mandibular canine. A comparison of condyle and glenoid fossa concerning right, and left sides showed together significant an differences (P &lt; 0.01) in coronal position of GFI, GlS, Poi, and posterior wall angle of the articular tubercle. Conclusion In class II division 1 subdivision malocclusion the mandibular first molar was distal and lingual in position, while the maxillary first molar was mesial in class II side. In class ii subdivision malocclusion, glenoid fossa position and condylar morphology asymmetries caused skeletal asymmetry.

Assessment of the Relationship between Antero-Posterior Dental Malocclusions, Body Posture Abnormalities and Selected Static Foot Parameters in Adults.

Objectives: This study aimed to find if a relationship exists between antero-posterior malocclusions and the level of musculoskeletal disorders in adults, including body posture and static foot analysis. Methods: In all, 420 participants were recruited through convenience sampling (Kraków University students and patients of a local dentist's practice). Following general medical interviews, dental examinations and consideration of inclusion and exclusion criteria, 90 healthy volunteers (ages 19-35) were enrolled and assigned to three groups (n = 30) based on occlusion type (Angle's molar Class I, II or III). The research procedure involved occlusion and temporomandibular disorder assessment conducted by a dental specialist. Comprehensive morphological measurements of body asymmetry were performed using the Videography 2D package and FreeSTEP software, which calculated the parameters determined from anterior, posterior and lateral projection photos. Foot loading distribution was analyzed using the FreeMED baropodometric platform. Results: Significant differences were demonstrated in the positioning of the head, cervical and lumbar spine in the sagittal plane among individuals with the analyzed occlusal classes (p < 0.05). Individuals with Angle's Class II exhibited significantly greater forward head positions and greater depths of cervical and lumbar lordosis compared with individuals with Class III or Class I. Those with overbites had higher forefoot loading. The Class III individuals exhibited greater L-R displacement, indicating a larger angle of displacement of the centers of the right and left feet relative to the lower edge of the measurement platform, suggesting pelvic rotation. Conclusions: An inclination for concurrent occurrences of malocclusions and posture deviations in the sagittal plane was observed. An interdisciplinary approach involving dentistry and physiotherapy specialists which utilizes tools for comprehensive posture assessment is crucial for diagnosing and treating such conditions.

Evaluation of Mesiodistal Angulation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Incisal View Using Manual and Digital Methods: An In Vivo Study.

The aim of the present research was to assess the mesiodistal angulation of the maxillary anterior teeth utilizing Image J computer software, a Profile projector, and a Custom-made jig. A total of 34 subjects (17 males and 17 females) were chosen from a group of 18-30 years old with bilateral Angle Class I molars and canine relationships. One manual approach (Custom-made jig) and two digital methods (J computer software, a Profile projector) were used to record the mesiodistal angulation in incisal view. The individuals had alginate impressions made, and a facebow was used to capture the maxilla's spatial relationship with the cranium. The articulated cast with the help of mounting ring moved to the specially customized jig, then the angulations was measured in the incisal view after the casts were placed in a semi-adjustable articulator. Data were recorded and statistically analyzed. The mesiodistal angulation in the incisal view via three methods between the 17 males and 17 females has statistically significant different. Although the mesiodistal angulation for maxillary lateral incisor and canine did not show any statistically significant difference, the maximum and minimum values obtained were always greater in males in comparison with the females. This indicates that the positions of six maxillary anterior teeth in the males resulted in the creation of upward sweep of incisal edges of central and lateral incisors which was also referred to as "smiling line" producing masculine surface anatomy more squared and vigorous while feminine surface anatomy being more rounded, soft, and pleasant. There was no statistically significant difference between the right and left sides, indicating bilateral arch symmetry and the symmetrical place of the right teeth compared with the left side's corresponding teeth. On conclusion, according to the current study's findings, all three approaches can measure the mesiodistal angulations of maxillary anterior teeth in incisal view with clinically acceptable accuracy. The digital methods, which included using the Image J computer software and the profile projector, achieved more accurate results than the manual method. The outcomes of this study's mesiodistal angulations can be used as a reference for placing teeth in both fully and partially edentulous conditions. This study contributes to a better understanding of the importance of achieving the ideal occlusion in the Indian population by placing the maxillary anterior teeth at the proper mesiodistal angulation. How to cite this article: Shadaksharappa SH, Lahiri B, Kamath AG, et al. Evaluation of Mesiodistal Angulation of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Incisal View Using Manual and Digital Methods: An In Vivo Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(4):320-325.

Ro-YOLOv5: One new detector for Impurity in wheat based on Circular Smooth Label

Wheat impurity content is one of the crucial indicators for evaluating wheat quality grades and prices, serving as an essential inspection parameter for grain storage. Due to the substantial intra-class variations in the aspect ratios of wheat impurities, traditional object detection algorithms fail to consider the diverse shapes and sizes of wheat impurities in real-world scenarios, resulting in low detection accuracy and missed detections. To address those issues, a YOLOv5-based wheat impurity automatic detection method, named Ro-YOLOv5, is proposed for computed tomography (CT) images of wheat samples. This method introduces rotated detection boxes and Circular Smooth Label (CSL) to transform angle regression predictions into angle classification predictions, effectively resolving issues related to angle periodicity and boundary exchange in regression; Additionally, the GIOU loss function in YOLOv5 is replaced with the CIOU loss function, which is more suitable for wheat impurity targets, ensuring the lower loss values and stable boundary regression. When creating the impurity-containing wheat dataset, a hybrid filtering method is introduced for leveraging the damping characteristics of the S-L filter for suppressing high-frequency components in projection images, thereby mitigating oscillation phenomena; Moreover, the Blackman filter is employed for image sharpening to preserve more image detail components. Experiments results have shown that the proposed algorithm achieves a mean average precision of 88.83% on the self-made dataset, representing a 7.56% improvement over the original YOLOv5 baseline network. The average detection time is 11.6ms, meeting the performance requirements for detecting wheat impurities.

Etching Rate Analysis Model Based on Quartz Bond Angle Characteristics

This paper proposes a method for classifying crystal planes based on the bond angle characteristics of quartz unit cells and constructs an etch rate model for quartz crystal planes at both macro and micro scales. By omitting oxygen atoms from the quartz cell structure, a method based on bond angle characteristics was established to partition the atomic arrangement of the crystal surface. This approach was used to analyze the etching processes of typical quartz crystal planes (R, r, m, and (0001)), approximating the etching process of crystals as a cyclic removal of certain bond angle characteristics on the crystal planes. This led to the development of an etch rate model based on micro-geometric parameters of crystal planes. Additionally, using the proposed bond angle classification method, the common characteristics of atomic configurations on the crystal plane surfaces within the X_cut type were extracted and classified into seven regions, further expanding and applying the etch rate model. The computational results of this model showed good agreement with experimental data, indicating the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method. These also provide a theoretical basis for understanding the microstructural changes during quartz-based MEMS etching processes.

A comprehensive national survey on malocclusion prevalence among Palestinian children

BackgroundThis study aims to evaluate the prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic features among schoolchildren in the West Bank, Palestine.MethodsA stratified cluster sample of 1278 schoolchildren (620 males, 658 females, mean age 12 years and 5 months (± 0.5)) were examined. Candidates who had not received any previous orthodontic treatment were only included. Dental anomalies like missing and ectopic teeth were recorded. The anteroposterior occlusal relationship was assessed based on Angle classification. Overjet and overbite were measured. Crowding and spacing were recorded subjectively. In addition, crossbite, openbite, and midline displacement were recorded. The chi-square test and descriptive analysis were used statistically.ResultsThe study found Angle Class I molar relationship in 65%, Class II div 1 in 17%, Class II div 2 in 6%, and Class III in 12% of the sample. An overjet (OJ) of more than 4 mm was present in 17%, and 4% had OJ of more than 6 mm; an OJ of at least 0 mm or less in 36%, and 6% had a reverse OJ. A normal overbite was observed in 53%, while 28% had an increase and 19% had a decreased overbite. An anterior openbite (AOB) was present in 9%, and a scissor bite or anterior crossbite in 6% and 14%, respectively. A posterior crossbite was observed in 12% (9% unilateral and 3% bilateral). Midline displacement was found in (9%). Crowding was observed in 35% and 31% and spacing in 24% and 15% of the maxillary and mandibular arches, respectively. A statistically significant relationship between gender and midline shift, a diastema, spacing in the upper arch, and most dental anomalies was found; males were more affected (p < 0.05).ConclusionThis study reported a high prevalence of malocclusion among schoolchildren in Palestine. A collaborative effort should be directed to obtain more monitoring and surveillance of malocclusion more frequently to prevent and control the exacerbation of the problem.

Comparison of Speech Defects in Different Types of Malocclusion.

Introduction Speech has a great impact on human evolution, allowing for the widespread knowledge and advancement of tools. Difficulty in pronouncing one or more sounds is the most common speech impairment. Speech defects are more commonly associated with class III malocclusion patients (difficulty in pronouncing 's' and 't' sounds), the second in line is class II malocclusion (difficulty in pronouncing 's' and 'z' sounds), and speech distortions are least affected in class I malocclusion (difficulty in pronouncing 's' and 'Sh').Most patients with dentofacial disharmonies and speech distortions need orthodontic care and orthognathic surgery to resolve their issues with mastication, aesthetics, and speech. Aims and objectives To compare and assess speech difficulties in different types of malocclusion. Materials and methods The study was conducted over 160 subjects for three and half months. All of them were evaluated for speech defects before they received orthodontic treatment. The main basis of this study is according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. The subjects were segregated according to Angle's classification of malocclusion. Malocclusion traits that are included in this study are Angle's class I, Angle's class II division I and division II, and Angle's class III. Results According to the results, out of 160 subjects, labio-dental speech defectsare observed in 8% where n=13of the study participants, linguodental speech defects are observed in 2%where n=3, lingua-alveolar speech defects are present in 54% where n=86, and bilabial speech defects are observed in 2% where n=3 of the study participants. Here 'n' represents the frequency of the subjects. Severe speech defects are seen in Angle's class III malocclusion. Results according to the type of malocclusion include: labio-dental speech defects are seen in 37.5% in class I, 25% in class II division I, 0% in class II division II, and 37.5% in class III. Linguodental speech defects are seen in class III malocclusion subjects only. Lingua-alveolar sounds are seen in 27.8% of class I, 29.6% of class II division I, 1.9% of class II division II, and 40.7% of class III. Bilabial speech defects are only seen in class II division I subjects. According to the results, only lingua-alveolar speech defects are statistically significant, and more severe speech defects were observed in class III malocclusion. Conclusion Speech plays an important role in affecting the quality of life of people. Different types of malocclusion traits are associated with different types of speech defects.

Evaluate outcome of endoscopic septoplasty with Quilting sutures: Using the NOSE scale, SNOT-22, and nasal mucociliary clearance

Purpose: Using the NOSE scale, SNOT-22, and nasal mucociliary clearance to evaluate outcome of endoscopic septoplasty with quilting sutures. Materials and Methods: Seventy-six patients who underwent endoscopic septoplasty with quilting sutures between March 2022 and June 2023 was conducted. Method was prospective, descriptive study with clinical intervention. Results: Functional symptoms: nasal discharge and nasal obstruction in all cases, sneezing 94.7%, headache 54%, smell disorders 25%. Septal deviation angle classification: 51.3% mild, 34.2% moderate, 14.5% severe. The NOSE score, SNOT-22 score, and nasal mucociliary clearance showed significant improvements at one month and three months postoperative septoplasty. Conclusion: The endoscopic septoplasty with quilting sutures significantly improve the functional symptoms and nasal mucociliary clearance. Key words: septoplasty, quilting sutures, nasal mucociliary clearance.

Correlation of sex hormone levels with orthodontic tooth movement in the maxilla: a prospective cohort study.

Sex hormones secreted during the menstrual cycle and the application of orthodontic forces to teeth can affect the metabolism of periodontal ligaments. This study aimed to determine whether there are any differences in orthodontic tooth displacement during the menstrual cycle and when using hormonal contraceptives and whether the amount of female sex hormones influences the efficiency of tooth displacement. A total of 120 women aged between 20 and 30 years with Angle Class II requiring transpalatal arch (TPA) to derotate teeth 16 and 26 were included in this study. The participants were divided into two groups: group A, which included women with regular menstruation, and control group B, which included women taking monophasic combined oral contraceptives. Group A was divided into subgroups according to the moment of TPA activation: menstruation (A1), ovulation phase (A2), and luteal phase (A3) (examination I). On intraoral scans, measurement points were marked on the proximal mesial cusps of teeth 16 and 26, and the intermolar distance (M1) was determined. The change in the position of the measurement points 6 weeks after activation (examination II) made it possible to determine the derotating extent of teeth 16 (O16) and 26 (O26) and the widening of the intermolar distance (M2-M1). In examinations I and II, tooth mobility in the alveoli was assessed using Periotest based on the periotest values (PTV) PTV1 and PTV2, respectively. A significant difference in all parameters was observed among groups A1, A2, and A3 (P < 0.001). Group A3 showed the highest values of parameters O16, O26, and M2-M1, and group A2 showed the lowest values, which did not differ from the control group (P = 0.64). PTV2 and PTV1 were the highest in group A3 and the lowest in groups A1 and B. Intergroup differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). With the quantification of changes in tooth mobility in the alveoli during the menstrual cycle in women undergoing orthodontic treatment, it was possible to determine that female sex hormones affect the effectiveness of orthodontic treatment, and the optimal moment for TPA activation is the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle.

Vertical and transverse treatment effects of Invisalign First system compared to Hyrax maxillary expanders with fixed appliances in mixed dentition patients.

To compare vertical and transverse changes in mixed dentition patients treated with the Invisalign First System (IFS) to those treated with a banded hyrax expander with fixed appliances (Hyrax) and control groups, and to assess the efficiency rate of dental arch expansion with IFS. The study included 80 mixed dentition patients, with 40 in each group (IFS and Hyrax) and 40 controls from the American Association of Orthodontists Foundation Craniofacial Growth Legacy Collection. Skeletal and dental vertical dimension changes and arch width changes between pretreatment (T1) and posttreatment (T2) were evaluated. Age at T1, time interval (T1-T2), sex, and Angle class did not significantly differ among the groups. Mandibular plane angle changes showed a similar reduction for the control and IFS groups, with no changes in the Hyrax group. However, the differences among the three groups did not reach statistical significance (P = .06). The Hyrax group showed significantly greater expansion in maxillary intermolar width compared to the IFS group, 4.4 vs 2.5 mm, respectively. The efficiency of maxillary expansion using IFS ranged from 52.3% to 76.87%. During the mixed dentition stage, no significant changes occurred in vertical dimensions among the control, Hyrax, and IFS groups. Although there was a trend suggesting a greater reduction in mandibular plane angle in the IFS group compared to the Hyrax group, this may not be clinically significant given the less than 1° difference. IFS can be a viable option for addressing mild arch width deficiencies, with a predictable increase in intermolar width of approximately 2.5 mm.

Management of class III malocclusion in adult patient using buccal shelf bone screw: A case report

A skeletal Class III malocclusion can be treated with orthopaedic camouflage either with Face mask or Chin cup therapy or extraction of premolar, and orthognathic surgical method depending on the complexity of skeletal and dental manifestation that Class III malocclusion had. Skeletal Class III malocclusion can be treated with Accurate treatment planning since malocclusion having lot off aesthetic as well as functional problem depending on the severity of the discrepancy.Here we presenting a case reports of Angle's Class III malocclusion which has been treated effectively with distalisation of lower arch Using 2 buccal shelf screws (2x12mm) with elastic chains following lower third molars extraction. In addition, improvement was observed in the soft tissue profile of the case. After 16 months of treatment, the case achieved an aesthetic and functional occlusion. A non-surgical approach of a 23-year-old male with skeletal and dental Class III malocclusion, concave profile, anterior crossbite, and a negative overjet of 5 mm while retaining the patient's profile was achieved. At the conclusion of the procedure, positive improvement with functional and aesthetic result were attained.

The Effects of the Maxillary Movements in Angle Class 2 and 3 Malocclusion Treatment on Nose Air Flow Amount, Rate, and Resistance.

Maxillary movements performed during orthognathic surgery affect the external and internal anatomy of the nose. The functional and anatomical effects may change nasal airway parameters after the surgery, and these alterations can be examined objectively by rhinomanometry. In this study, patients who underwent maxillary orthognathic surgery were divided into 3 groups based on their surgical plans: advancement (group 1), impaction and advancement (group 2), and setdown and advancement (group 3). Preoperative and postoperative rhinomanometric data including the average nasal volume, minimum cross-sectional area, average airflow resistance of the right and left nasal passageways, and an average of both nasal passages were collected. The study included 50 patients who underwent orthognathic surgery between October 2021 and October 2022. There were 20 patients each in group 1 and group 2 and 10 patients in group 3. The average nasal passage volume increased in the advancement (group 1) and impaction-advancement (group 2) groups. In addition, the advancement (group 1) group had a decreased average airflow resistance. Setdown-advancement (group 3) group did not show a positive or negative effect on nasal airway parameters. Maxillary movements during orthognathic surgery revealed no adverse effect on nasal parameters. Moreover, advancement and impaction positively affected nasal functional and anatomical parameters.

Detection of objects in satellite and aerial imagery using channel and spatially attentive YOLO-CSL for surveillance

A novel lightweight Rotational Object Detection algorithm is proposed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional computer-vision-aided object detection methods used in Remote Sensing and Surveillance that overlook the variability in size and orientation of objects in satellite and aerial images. This advanced algorithm integrates a branch dedicated to angle prediction and employs the circular smooth label (CSL) method for angle classification. This approach is suitable for scenarios that require detection in rotational boxes. Our work is further distinguished by the introduction of a novel Channel and Spatial Attention (CSA) module, which is seamlessly integrated into the YOLOv5-CSL framework via the C3CS module. This module accentuates pertinent features through both the channel and spatial attention mechanisms. In addition, bicubic interpolation and the GELU activation function were incorporated into the YOLOv5-CSLA model. Our model achieved 57.86 mAP on the challenging DOTA v2 dataset surpassing the second-best method by 0.20 points and simultaneously consuming 11 million fewer parameters and 103 fewer GFLOPs (our model consumes 25 M Params and 54 GFLOPs), justifying its suitability for deployment on a large majority of platforms, as the compute required is a challenge in real-time deployment scenarios.