Slope Angle Research Articles

Identification Of Liquefaction Slide Planes Using The Geoelectric Resistance Type Method In Balaroa Village

Introduction: Research has been conducted with the title "Identification of Liquefaction Sliding Fields Using the Type Resistance Geoelectric Method in Balaroa Village". This study aims to determine the subsurface constituent rock layers and the position of the sliding plane based on the type resistance data. Method: This study consists of 6 measurement tracks with a track length of 150 meters using the Vertical Electrical Sounding (VES) method with the Schlumberger configuration. Data processing uses the software program Progress version 3.0 and ipi2win. Results and Discussion: The results obtained indicate the presence of subsurface constituent layers, namely: Passive clay, clay sand, and gravel, and the presence of an inclined plane of 25° to 55.5% with a steep slope. Conclusion: Based on data analysis and interpretation, it can be concluded that the rock lithology at the study site consists of passive clay, clay sand, and gravel, based on the value of specific resistance. The slope of the sliding plane layers that have the potential to trigger landslides and liquefaction at the site tends to be west-east with a slope angle of 25°, or 55.6%, which is included in the steep slope category

Optimasi Desain Geometri Lereng Material Old Dump Pada Usaha Penggalian Ulang Pit X PT. Bukit Asam Tbk

In doing slope design, it is necessary to pay attention to slope geometry and soil shear strength. Determination of slope geometry design also considers the balance between height and slope and production benefits. Research was conducted to analyze slope stability through physical and mechanical properties testing, limit equilibrium, and probabilistic Monte Carlo methods. The surface area of the Overburden stripping area in the 2024 RKP design is 8,172.79 m2. The production target is 2,000,000 tons of coal with a volume of overburden material that must be stripped of 29,000,000 BCM and obtained a Stripping Ratio value of 14.5. The results of the evaluation of the overall slope of the Old Dump material with an overall slope height of 66.582 m, a slope width of 447.69 m, an overall slope of 8.32˚ and a bench width of 25 m, a bench height of 6 m with a comparison ratio of 1:3 and a single slope angle of 18.43˚. Then the redesign was carried out and obtained recommendation results of 64.799 m overall slope height, 303.33 m slope width, 13.02˚ overall slope, and 25 m bench width, bench height at elevation 131-110 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:2, single slope 26.57˚ and at elevation 110-50 of 8 m with a comparison ratio of 1:1.5, single slope 33.69˚.

A Deep-Learning-Based Algorithm for Landslide Detection over Wide Areas Using InSAR Images Considering Topographic Features.

The joint action of human activities and environmental changes contributes to the frequent occurrence of landslide, causing major hazards. Using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) technique enables the detailed detection of surface deformation, facilitating early landslide detection. The growing availability of SAR data and the development of artificial intelligence have spurred the integration of deep learning methods with InSAR for intelligent geological identification. However, existing studies using deep learning methods to detect landslides in InSAR deformation often rely on single InSAR data, which leads to the presence of other types of geological hazards in the identification results and limits the accuracy of landslide identification. Landslides are affected by many factors, especially topographic features. To enhance the accuracy of landslide identification, this study improves the existing geological hazard detection model and proposes a multi-source data fusion network termed MSFD-Net. MSFD-Net employs a pseudo-Siamese network without weight sharing, enabling the extraction of texture features from the wrapped deformation data and topographic features from topographic data, which are then fused in higher-level feature layers. We conducted comparative experiments on different networks and ablation experiments, and the results show that the proposed method achieved the best performance. We applied our method to the middle and upper reaches of the Yellow River in eastern Qinghai Province, China, and obtained deformation rates using Sentinel-1 SAR data from 2018 to 2020 in the region, ultimately identifying 254 landslides. Quantitative evaluations reveal that most detected landslides in the study area occurred at an elevation of 2500-3700 m with slope angles of 10-30°. The proposed landslide detection algorithm holds significant promise for quickly and accurately detecting wide-area landslides, facilitating timely preventive and control measures.

Directionality of earthquake-induced slope displacements from numerical analysis and sliding block approaches

Earthquake ground shaking intensity differs at different azimuthal orientations (ground motion directionality), which could also result in orientational variations in earthquake-induced slope displacements. Therefore, the range of seismic displacements (e.g., the median and maximum values over all orientations) that may occur by considering the directions of downslope movement and strong shaking is important to evaluate seismic landslide hazard of site-specific slopes. This study performs comprehensive directionality analyses of seismic slope displacement based on two-dimensional numerical and sliding-block approaches. Four slope models with clay and sand soil layers and slope angle of 30° and 40° are analyzed using 75 ground motion records rotated over all orientations. Different sliding-block models are considered, including rigid-block analysis and two coupled flexible-block representations of one-dimensional soil columns with only sliding mass and full site respectively. The results indicate that the orientation variation of slope displacements is much larger than the ground motion parameters. The directionality characteristics of seismic slope displacement from numerical calculation can be well captured by the sliding-block analyses, although significant differences in the computed displacement values are observed. A procedure is proposed to obtain the maximum and median values of seismic slope displacement over all orientations from advanced numerical analysis at low computational cost.

Comparison of predictive modeling approaches to estimate soil erosion under spatially heterogeneous field conditions

The accuracy of soil erosion models in agroecosystems with heterogeneous field conditions is challenging due to uncertainties from soil water fluxes and crop growth. In this study, we coupled two modeling methods (Freebairn and Rose) to represent soil erosion with a process-based crop and runoff models within the SIMPLACE framework. Their accuracy was compared to a statistical model developed using 16 erosion plots (each of 625 cm2) within the same field. Uncertainty analysis showed that runoff and slope angle were the most critical components for predicting sediment yield in both models, followed by soil erodibility in the Freebairn model and entrainment efficiency in the Rose model. However, due to plot size constraints, slope-length effects were not examined. The Freebairn model had a slightly higher accuracy (RMSE = 0.69 t ha−1 d−1) of sediment yield predictions than the Rose model (RMSE = 0.83 t ha−1 d−1). Both models are effective for predicting soil loss with appropriate parameter values.

Co-seismic and rainfall-triggered landslide hazard susceptibility assessment for Uganda derived using fuzzy logic and geospatial modelling techniques

AbstractUganda has suffered from many damaging landslides like the 1966 Rwenzori, 1994 Kisomoro and 2010 Bududa events. Despite escalating landslide risks exacerbated by rapid deforestation, urbanization and population growth coupled with a substandard building stock, comprehensive national co-seismic and rainfall-induced landslide hazard and risk maps for Uganda do not exist. This study therefore aims to conduct landslide hazard assessment and zonation for Uganda using a geospatial-based fuzzy logic methodology. In this methodology, landslide frequency ratios obtained for the 1966 Toro and 1994 Kisomoro earthquakes are assigned to the stochastic event-based probabilistic seismic hazard map derived using OpenQuake-engine. The available co-seismic and rainfall-induced landslide inventory datasets are used to derive the distribution of landslide frequency ratios based on geology, topographic slope position index, slope aspect, slope angle, distance from streams, and proximity to major active faults. The spatial distribution of fuzzy membership functions obtained from frequency ratios are overlaid and aggregated to produce landslide susceptibility maps showing relative probabilities of landslide occurrences across Uganda. Results indicate that the highest overall landslide hazard susceptibility is expected in areas comprising highly weathered outcropping rocks of precambrian granites, dominantly metasedimentary, and granulites and gneisses geologies within 40 km from major active faults; where the bedrock peak ground acceleration ≥ 0.1 g, topographic position index ≥ 3.8, slope gradient ≥ 10°, and the distance from streams ≤ 1.25 km. These findings can inform Uganda’s directorate of disaster preparedness and management towards pioneering the development of co-seismic landslide risk mitigation measures for the country.

Developing flood mapping procedure through optimized machine learning techniques. Case study: Prahova river basin, Romania

Study regionPrahova river basin located in the central-southern region of Romania. Study focusThis study aims to assess the susceptibility to flooding by using state-of-the-art machine learning and optimization procedures. To achieve this goal, we employed ten flood-related variables as independent variables in our machine learning models. These variables include slope angle, convergence index, distance from the river, elevation, plan curvature, hydrological soil group, lithology, topographic wetness index, rainfall, and land use. We used 158 flood locations as dependent variables in the training of four hybrid models: Deep Learning Neural Network-Statistical Index (DLNN-SI), Particle Swarm Optimization-Deep Learning Neural Network-Statistical Index (PSO-DLNN-SI), Support Vector Machine-Statistical Index (SVM-SI), and Particle Swarm Optimization-Support Vector Machine-Statistical Index (PSO-SVM-SI). Utilizing the Statistical Index method, we calculated coefficients for each flood predictor class or category. New hydrological insights for the regionThe PSO-DLNN-SI model demonstrated the best performance, achieving an AUC-ROC curve of 0.952. It's worth noting that the application of the PSO algorithm significantly enhanced the model's performance. Additionally, it's crucial to highlight that approximately 25 % of the study region exhibits a high to very high susceptibility to flood events. Taking into account the very precise results of the models applied in the present study, we can state that from a hydrological point of view, the current research contributes to a better understanding of the intensity with which floods can affect the different areas of the Prahova river basin.

Seismic Stability Study of Bedding Slope Based on a Pseudo-Dynamic Method and Its Numerical Validation

Earthquakes are one of the main causes of bedding slope instability, and scientifically and quantitively evaluating seismic stability is of great significance for preventing landslide disasters. This study aims to assess the bedding slope stability under seismic loading and the influences of various parameters on stability using a pseudo-dynamic method. Based on the limit equilibrium theory, a general solution for the dynamic safety factor of bedding slope is proposed. The effects of parameters such as slope height, slope angle, cohesion, internal friction angle, vibration time, shear wave velocity, seismic acceleration coefficient, and amplification factor on stability are discussed in detail. To evaluate the validity of the pseudo-dynamic solution, the safety factors are compared with those given by early cases, and the results show that the safety factors calculated by the present formulation coincide better with those of previous methods. Moreover, a two-dimensional numerical solution of bedding slope based on Mohr–Coulomb’s elastic–plastic failure criterion is also performed by using the finite element procedure, and the minimum safety factor is essentially consistent with the result of the pseudo-dynamic method. It is proved that the pseudo-dynamic method is effective for bedding slope stability analyses during earthquakes, and it can overcome the limitations of the pseudo-static method.

Learning curves for high tibial osteotomy using patient-specific instrumentation: a case control study.

Three-dimensional (3D) planning and Patient Specific Instrumentation (PSI) can help the surgeon to obtain more predictable results in Medial Opening Wedge High Tibial Osteotomy (mOW-HTO) than the conventional techniques. We compared the accuracy of the PSI and standard techniques and measured the learning curve for surgery time and number of fluoroscopic shots. We included the first 12 consecutive cases of mOW-HTO performed with 3D planning and PSI cutting guides and the first 12 non-supervised mOW-HTO performed with the standard technique. We recorded surgery time and fluoroscopic time. We calculated the variation (Δ delta) between the planned target and the postoperative result for Hip Knee Ankle Angle (HKA), mechanical medial Proximal Tibia Angle (MPTA), Joint Line Convergence Angle (JLCA) and tibial slope (TS) and compared it both groups. We also recorded the complication rate. We then calculated the learning curves for surgery time, number of fluoroscopic shots, Δ from target in both groups. CUSUM analysis charts for learning curves were applied between the two groups. Mean surgical time and mean number of fluoroscopic shots were lower in PSI group (48.58±7.87 vs. 58.75±6.86 min; p=0.034 and 10.75±3.93 vs. 18.16±4.93 shots; p<0.001). The postoperative ΔHKA was 0.42±0.51° in PSI vs. 1.25±0.87° in conventional, p=0.005. ΔMPTA was 0.50±0.67° in PSI vs. 3.75±1.48° in conventional, p<0.001; ΔTS was 1.00±0.82° in PSI vs. 3.50±1.57° in conventional, p<0.001. ΔJLCA was 1.83±1.11° in PSI vs. 4±1.41° in conventional, p<0.001. The CUSUM analysis favoured PSI group regarding surgery time (p=0.034) and number of shots (p<0.001) with no learning curve effect for ΔHKA, ΔMPTA, ΔJLCA and ΔTS. PSI cutting guides and 3D planning for HTO are effective in reducing the learning curves for operation time and number of fluoroscopic shots. Accuracy of the procedure has been elevated since the first cases.

Study on the differences between Hoek–Brown parameters and equivalent Mohr–Coulomb parameters in the calculation slope critical acceleration and permanent displacement

Mohr–Coulomb (MC) strength criterion has been widely used in many classical analytical expressions and numerical modeling due to its simple physical calculation, but the MC criterion is not suitable for describing the failure envelope of rock masses. In order to directly apply MC parameters to analytical expressions or numerical modeling in rock slope stability analysis, scholars established a criterion for converting Hoek–Brown (HB) parameters to equivalent MC parameters. However, the consistency of HB parameters and equivalent MC parameters in calculating critical acceleration of slope needs to be further explored and confirmed. Therefore, HB parameters are converted into equivalent MC parameters by considering the influence of slope angle (1# case and 2# case when slope angle is not considered and slope angle is considered respectively). Then, the lower-bound of finite element limit analysis is used for numerical modeling, and the results of calculating critical acceleration using HB parameters and equivalent MC parameters are compared, and the influence of related parameters on the calculation of critical acceleration is studied. Finally, the influence of different critical accelerations on the calculation of slope permanent displacement is further analyzed through numerical cases and engineering examples. The results show that: (1) In the 1# case, the critical acceleration obtained by the equivalent MC parameters are significantly larger than that obtained by the 2 #case and the HB parameters, and this difference becomes more obvious with the increase of slope angle. The critical acceleration obtained by the 2# case is very close to the HB parameters; (2) In the 1# case, slope height is inversely proportional to ΔAc (HB(Ac) − 1#(Ac)), and with the increase of slope height, ΔAc decreases, while in the 2# case, the difference of ΔAc (HB(Ac) − 2#(Ac)) is not significant; (3) In the 1# case, the sensitivity of the HB parameters to ΔAc is D > GSI > mi > σci, but in the 2# case, there is no sensitivity-related regularity; (4) The application of HB parameters and equivalent MC parameters in slope permanent displacement is studied through numerical cases and engineering examples, and the limitations of equivalent MC parameters in rock slope stability evaluation are revealed.

Method of Average Vertical Earth Pressure for HFCCTs Based on Differential Settlement

AbstractThis paper presents a modified and simplified calculation method, taking into account the differential settlement between the soil columns surrounding the cut-and-cover. High-filled cut-and-cover tunnels (HFCCT) are usually subjected to high earth pressures above the top of the CCT due to an ultra-high backfill. However, the estimation methods for earth pressure above the top of CCT are ambiguous. Through the theoretical analysis of the average vertical earth pressure (AEP) at the top of the CCT, it is found that an additional earth pressure above the top of the overburden pressure is induced, and the magnitude is related to the differential settlement between interior and exterior soil columns. Thus, through a combined theoretical derivation and numerical analysis, a modified formula is proposed. The results show that the vertical earth pressure increment above the top of CCT can be linearly correlated to the differential settlement. In addition, the correlation needs to be calibrated by considering several effects on sites, such as slope angle, groove-width ratios, cross-sectional shape, and the type of backfill. The change in influencing factors has no effect on the function type of the p−δ fitting curve, but it will affect the coefficient k.

Seismic stability and failure mechanisms of gentle and steep slopes considering soil rotated anisotropy and spatial variability

The present study focuses on investigating the effects of soil rotated anisotropy and spatial variability on slope failure in seismic conditions. The random finite element method aided by subset simulation is implemented, which ensures an efficient quantification of both the probability of failure and its associated consequence of failure. Several slope angles of gentle and steep slopes and soil properties that lead to a low probability of failure were selected for parametric studies. The comprehensive parametric studies of seismic slope stability analysis consider various factors such as slope inclinations, seismic coefficients, scales of fluctuation, and orientations of the major principal scale of fluctuation (i.e., the rotation angle of random field). The results underscore the importance of considering the combined effects of soil anisotropy and the orientation of the major principal scale of fluctuation for designing both gentle and steep slopes under seismic conditions and emphasize that care must be given to ensure the worst-case scenario is considered. Visual observations of failure mechanisms of gentle and steep slopes under seismic conditions were also shown to be very helpful in interpreting the variation of probability of failure due to soil spatial variation.

BENCH HIGHT AND SLOPE ANGLE ON LITHIUM ORES OPEN PIT MINES

The fundament of the open pit geometry, both, on metallic and non-metallic mineral raw materials, consists of benches that allow mining operations to be carried out in the contour of the open pit mine. On lithium pit mines, formed benches of a certain height and slope angle, must ensure physical stability of the open mine pit and smooth running of mining work to excavate, load and transport the overburden and mineral resources out of the contour of the lithium open pit mine. The bench height and slope (bank) angle depend on the geotechnical situations, water impact and conditions of utilizing mining mechanization in digging, loading and transporting the overburden and mineral raw material. Key words: lithium, open pit mine, bench height, bench slope angle

Bulk-fill composite in challenging cavities: conversion rate, solubility, and water absorption analysis.

In a deep, curved cavity, polymerization of a bulk fill composite can be challenging. The aim of this study was to investigate the solubility, water absorption, and conversion rate of bulk-fill composite samples prepared using molds with various slope angles. Bulk-fill composite resin (Filtek One Bulk Fill) was placed into cylindrical Teflon molds with a depth of 4mm, angled at varying degrees (90°, 75°, 60°, 45°). Two different LED light-curing units (VALO Cordless, iLed Curing Light) were used to cure the samples. Polymerizations were performed at three different distances (0mm, 2mm, and 4mm). Five samples per group were used, resulting in a total of 24 groups. The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometer was utilized to evaluate the conversion levels of the samples. Water sorption and solubility values were determined by storing the composites in distilled water at 37°C for 21days. The VALO light-curing unit applied closest to samples inserted in a 90° angulation mold had the highest mean degree of conversion (41.55%), while iLED light-curing unit group that applied from 4mm to the samples inserted in a 45° angulation mold had the lowest mean conversion (8.97%). The angle of the cavity and the distance at which the light-curing unit is applied significantly affected bulk-fill composite resin conversion. In addition, the choice of light-curing unit impacted the conversion levels. However, with the tested conditions, the water sorption and solubility values of polymerized composite resin samples remain unaffected by these factors.

Poster 369: Medial and Lateral Posterior Tibial Slope in the Skeletally Immature: A Cadaveric Study

Objectives: Increased knee posterior tibial slope (PTS) angle is risk factor for primary and secondary ACL injury. Adult biomechanical research indicates that decreasing the PTS may reduce ACL injuries, and osteotomy techniques have been developed to alter tibia slope to reduce risk of re-injury. Pediatric and adolescent athletes have the highest rates of primary and secondary ACL injury, and many in this age group may have abnormal PTS angle. The purpose of this study was to evaluate PTS in medial and lateral tibial plateaus in large database of CT scans, and to develop normative PTS data in this age group. Methods: IRB approval was waived, as the specimens were donated for research, no genetic information was collected, and there were no plans for family contact. 83 pediatric knee CT scans, ranging from ages 1 to 12, were analyzed using OsiriX imaging software. The PTS was evaluated at two distinct points on sagittal CT sections: (1) At the medial tibia plateau and 2) lateral tibial plateau, both aligned with the central part of on a coronal view of the medial femoral and lateral femoral condyles respectively condyle. Results: The average medial PTS angle was 6.56° ± 3.84° and 6.81° ± 3.62° for the lateral PTS. There was not a significant statistical difference between the medial and lateral PTS (P = 0.6632, determined using an independent-samples t-test and analysis of variance). When plotting the age versus PTS, we observed a positive correlation with the medial PTS (R2 = 0.0385) and a negative correlation with the lateral PTS (R2 = 0.0393). Conclusions: The data demonstrate variability in medial and lateral pediatric PTS and provides normative values for pediatric PTS values. For pediatric patients undergoing ACL surgeries, consideration of increased PTS values that are associated with higher rates of recurrent ACL injury may influence surgical treatment techniques. Correction of increased PTS to lower ACL injury risk is performed in adults with major corrective osteotomy surgery, but such procedures have not been performed in children due to osteotomy-induced damage to growth plates. Due to open growth plates, pediatric patients may be treated with minimally invasive guide growth procedures to lower PTS, with minimal complication risk. Guided growth procedures have a long history of successful alignment correction in the coronal plane. Future animal and clinic studies may also demonstrate the safety and effectiveness of guided growth sagittal plane correction as applied to increased PTS. PTS developmental anatomy and its relationship to ACL injury is crucial for surgical advancements, including the use of low risk guided growth interventions to reduce PTS and ACL injury in pediatric patients with high risk of recurrent injury.

Effect of lumbosacral transitional vertebra on developmental alterations of the hip: a quantitative investigation of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex via whole-body computed tomography.

Lumbosacral transitional vertebra (LSTV) is a common spinal variant, with the reported prevalence varying from 8.1% to 36%. LSTV has been shown to alter the lumbo-pelvic parameters and reduce the benefits of total hip arthroplasty, but the specific effects of LSTV on hip development remain unclear. The aim of this study was thus to investigate the impact of LSTV on developmental alterations of the hip. A total of 310 individuals were categorized into three groups according to whole-body computed tomography (CT) imaging: a group with sacralization of 23 presacral vertebrae (PSV) (n=102), a group with lumbarization of 25 PSV (n=108), and a normal control group with 24 PSV (n=100). Quantitative parameters of the lumbo-pelvic-hip complex (LPHC) including lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), axial and sagittal acetabular anteversion angle (AAA), center-edge (CE) angle, Sharp angle, and femoral neck-shaft angle (FNSA) were measured and analyzed. Statistical analyses were used to compare the differences of these quantitative parameters among the three groups and to assess the relationship between hip and lumbar-pelvic parameters. Significant differences between each pair of three groups and the LSTV subgroups were only found in the sagittal AAA (left side: P=0.008; right side: P<0.001), with no differences found for the other parameters. Compared to the normal group (24 PSV), both the 23 PSV and 25 PSV groups exhibited increased values in the sagittal AAA, especially in the right side of the 23 PSV group. Only the sagittal AAA showed low-to-moderate positive correlations with pelvic parameters of PI (r=0.195-0.429; P=0.001-0.08) and PT (r=0.239-0.605; P=0.001-0.03). Variations of LSTV are correlated with the hip anatomical development via LPHC transmission and may potentially reduce the sagittal acetabular coverage, particularly in the 23 PSV subtype on the right side.

Steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion are independent risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL-deficient knees.

Delayed anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction often causes residual anterolateral rotatory instability (ALRI) and consequent knee osteoarthritis, warranting the recommendation of early ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury. Nonetheless, some cases show notable instability, even shortly after injury. The purpose of this study was to identify risk factors for an increase in quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL-deficient knees within 6 months after injury. Patients with primary ACL reconstruction within 6 months after injury and quantitative triaxial accelerometer measurements of preoperative pivot shift were included. Descriptive statistics were calculated for 11 independent variables (age, gender, time from injury to surgery, KT-1000, knee extension angle, lateral and medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial and lateral meniscus tears, ramp lesion and Tegner active scale). A single regression analysis was performed on the 11 items and acceleration during the pivot shift, and a multiple regression analysis was performed for items with p value less than 0.1. Overall, 111 patients met the inclusion criteria. Single regression analysis showed that medial posterior tibial slope angle, medial meniscus tear and ramp lesion were significantly correlated with acceleration during the pivot shift (p < 0.001, p = 0.04 and p = 0.001). Multiple regression analysis identified medial posterior tibial slope angles and ramp lesions as independent factors for increased preoperative pivot shift (p = 0.005 and 0.01). A steep medial posterior tibial slope angle and ramp lesion were independent risk factors for increased quantitatively measured pivot shift in patients with ACL-deficient knees. Level IV, case series study.

Three-dimensional numerical investigation on propagation characteristics of road traffic noise from an embankment road: Construction of correction formula for the effect of side slope angle

Three-dimensional numerical investigation on propagation characteristics of road traffic noise from an embankment road: Construction of correction formula for the effect of side slope angle

Landslide Susceptibility Modelling of Central Highland Part of Chaliyar River Basin, Kerala, India with Integrated Algorithms of Frequency Ratio and Shannon Entropy

An integrated landslide susceptibility analysis is carried out for the central highland region of the Chaliyar River Basin in Kerala, India using bivariate statistical methods, namely the Frequency Ratio (FR) and Shannon Entropy (SE). The study addresses the complex nature of landslides, influenced by natural as well as anthropogenic factors, with specific focus on assessing the landslide likelihood of the study area. The methodology involves a systematic approach of collecting the inventory data, identifying various landslide causative factors and developing their corresponding thematic maps, spatial analysis of landslide occurrence and causative factors using GIS software and generation of Landslide Susceptibility Model (LSM) employing FR and SE algorithm, followed by model validation. Various causative factors considered for the study include slope angle, slope aspect, slope curvature, elevation, lithology, drainage density, landuse and landcover (LULC), Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). The FR and SE algorithm enable the spatial classification of the study area into four landslide susceptibility categories namely Low, Moderate, High, and Very High. Validation of both the LSMs was carried out using Landslide Density Index (LDI) and Area Under the Curve (AUC) methods. LDI demonstrate a positive fit for both the models, which is indicative of reliability of the susceptibility predictions of the study area. A slightly higher AUC value of SE model is an indication of a high accuracy rate of SE model over FR model. This research brings out a robust methodology for predicting and identifying the landslide risks of the study area.The outcomes of this study will help in developing effective strategies to manage the landslide hazards in geologically vulnerable areas. Keywords: Landslide Susceptibility, Landslide Conditioning Factors, Frequency Ratio, Shannon Entropy, Landslide Density Index(LDI), Area Under the Curve (AUC)

Evaluating the contribution of geophysics to the assessment of natural hazards

This paper discussed the role of geophysics in the evaluation of natural hazards with the view to enhancing familiarity with earth shakes, ground characteristics, landslide likelihood, and volcanic deliveries. Semantic and geophysical data were collected from seismic surveys, measurement of groundwater, electrical resistivity of the subsoil and gas emission. Seismic data analysis revealed diverse activity across sites, with magnitudes ranging from 3.234 to 6.456 Mw, emphasizing the importance of geophysical monitoring in identifying high-risk areas. Groundwater measurements indicated spatial variations in water table depth from 1.234 to 6.789 m, essential for effective resource management. Soil resistivity values ranged from 75.123 to 145.901 Ohm-m, providing insights into soil properties relevant for geotechnical and environmental studies. Landslide susceptibility assessment used the factor of slope angle, vegetation cover, and rainfall intensity; these were 10. 901° to 28. 345°, 55. 234% to 88. 456%, and 6. 789 to 20. 901 mm/hr respectively. The gas emission of SO2 ranged between 0. 123–0. 901 kg/s, that of CO2, 0. 456–1. 234 kg/s, while H2S ranged between 0. 789–1. 567 kg/s based on the emission of the several sites suitable for eruption prediction models. A statistical approach was used in which Histogram, scatter plot and radar chart were used to explain the data collected. The study conclude that the application of various geophysical methods is strikingly useful in natural hazard and risk assessment and planning and therefore beneficial in reducing disaster risks. These results provide compelling evidence about the importance of geophysics in propagating awareness in the Earth processes and improvement of hazards.