Angiographic Coronary Flow Research Articles

No Progression of Coronary Lesion in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

No Progression of Coronary Lesion in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients > 80 Was Due to Slow Flow, Only Few Severe Lesions: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis for Personalized Medicine Management

Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients > 80 Was Due to Slow Flow, Only Few Severe Lesions: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis for Personalized Medicine Management

The Length of the Right Coronary Artery Decided Where a Lesion Is Located: A Dynamic Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

The Length of the Right Coronary Artery Decided Where a Lesion Is Located: A Dynamic Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

CRT-101.00 Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients > 80 Was Due to Slow Flow, Only Few Severe Lesions: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis for Personalized Medicine Management

CRT-101.00 Acute Coronary Syndrome in Patients > 80 Was Due to Slow Flow, Only Few Severe Lesions: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis for Personalized Medicine Management

CRT-500.21 No Progression of Coronary Lesion in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

CRT-500.21 No Progression of Coronary Lesion in Patients with Dilated Cardiomyopathy: An Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

CRT-500.11 The Length of the Right Coronary Artery Decided Where a Lesion Is Located: A Dynamic Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

CRT-500.11 The Length of the Right Coronary Artery Decided Where a Lesion Is Located: A Dynamic Angiographic Coronary Flow and Machine Learning Analysis

Novel Porcine Model of Coronary Dissection Reveals the Impact of Impella on Dissected Coronary Arterial Hemodynamics.

Background: Coronary artery dissection (CAD) sometimes accompanies unstable hemodynamics and requires mechanical cardiac support. Meanwhile, mechanical cardiac support may influence coronary hemodynamics in CAD. No study has examined the impact of Impella left ventricular (LV) support on CAD.Materials and Methods: CAD was induced in eight Yorkshire pigs by injuring the left anterior descending artery (LAD) using a 0.018-in. stiff guidewire and/or deep engagement of a blunt-cut coronary guiding catheter. After the creation of CAD, hemodynamic parameters, coronary pressure, and flow as well as coronary angiograms were acquired before and after maximum LV support using the Impella CP.Result: CADs with a large flap were successfully created by deep engagement of a blunt-tip guiding catheter with forceful contrast injection. One animal (#8) exhibited thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI)-1 flow, while the others (animals #1–#7) showed TIMI-2/3 flow. In TIMI-2/3 animals, maximal Impella support increased mean coronary pressure (108.4 ± 22.5 to 124.7 ± 28.0 mmHg, P < 0.001) with unchanged mean coronary flow velocity (63.50 ± 28.66 to 48.32 ± 13.30 cm/s, P = 0.17) of the LAD distal to the dissection. The LV end-diastolic pressure (20.6 ± 6.6 vs. 12.0 ± 3.4 mmHg, P = 0.032), LV end-diastolic volume (127 ± 32 vs. 97 ± 26 ml, P = 0.015), stroke volume (68 ± 16 vs. 48 ± 14 ml, P = 0.003), stroke work (5,744 ± 1,866 vs. 4,424 ± 1,650 mmHg·ml, P = 0.003), and heart rate (71.4 ± 6.6 vs. 64.9 ± 9.3/min, P = 0.014) were all significantly reduced by Impella support, indicating effective unloading of the LV. In the TIMI-1 animal (animal #8), maximal Impella support resulted in further delay in angiographic coronary flow and reduced distal coronary pressure (22.9–17.1 mmHg), together with increased false-lumen pressure.Conclusion: Impella support effectively unloaded the LV and maintained the hemodynamics in a novel porcine model of CAD. Coronary pressure distal to the dissection was increased in TIMI-2/3 animals after Impella support but decreased in the animal with initial TIMI-1 flow.

Impact of Intracoronary Adenosine on Myonecrosis in Patients with Unstable Angina Pectoris Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

In this study, we aimed to investigate the impact of prophylactic intracoronary adenosine administered during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) due to unstable angina pectoris on myonecrosis by measuring post-procedural levels of cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and creatine kinase-myocardial band (CK-MB). A total of 122 patients with unstable angina undergoing PCI were included in this single-center, double-blind, randomized study. The patients were randomly allocated to adenosine and placebo groups. In the adenosine group, a single-dose of intracoronary adenosine (100μg for the right coronary artery and 150μg for the left coronary artery) was administered. Primary endpoint was post-PCI myonecrosis, which was defined as abnormal levels of periprocedural cTnI. Secondary endpoints were defined as elevated cTnI levels [5 × upper limit of normal (ULN)], abnormal CK-MB levels, angiographic coronary flow measured by Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) frame count (TFC), the cumulative incidence of in-hospital death and in-hospital urgent target vessel revascularization (TVR). Clinical and angiographic characteristics of both adenosine (61 patients, 61±9years) and placebo (61 patients, 59±10years) groups were similar (p>0.05 for all). Post-procedural abnormal cTnI levels in the adenosine group were significantly lower than the placebo group (32% vs. 55%, p: 0.011). cTnI >5 × ULN (21% vs. 31%, p: 0.217) and abnormal CK-MB levels (11% vs. 19%, p: 0.263) were similar in both groups. Post-procedural TFCs in the adenosine group were significantly lower than the placebo group (24±4 vs. 27±5, p: 0.004). In-hospital events including death and urgent TVR were not observed in either group. Intracoronary administration of single-dose adenosine in patients with unstable angina undergoing PCI is associated with decreased periprocedural myonecrosis and improved coronary blood flow.

OSTILITATEA, FURIA (INTERIORIZARE, RUMINAŢIE) ŞI AGRESIVITATEA – FACTORI DE RISC MAJOR PENTRU BOALA CARDIACĂ ISCHEMICĂ

Friedman and Rosenman are highlighting behavioral type A as a major riskfactor for evolution worsening of myocardial infarction, was first and decisive step for clearly specifying the role of supportive psychosocial factors in etiopathogenesis of the coronary heart disease. Then, the reason that this type of behavior has been highlighted in other psychosomatic diseases (and even some healthy subjects) led to the need to fi nd other psychological variables – of personality, especially – associated with type A and convincing predictive value numerous epidemiological and experimental studies. In the last two decades has been it’s presence in some carriers of type A – which showed clinical and laboratory manifestations of coronary artery disease (including exploration angiographic coronary flow and computerized measurements) – this constant in varying degrees of complex traits emotional underpinning of increased aggression: hostility (cognitive and/or behavioral) – in particular internalized anger (anger-in) and ruminative anger. These variables have the correspondent psychological, somatic plan, vascular hyperreactivity to stress hormones (catecholamines and cortisol in particular) resulting in increased plasma cholesterol, myocardial oxygen consumption, the platelets aggregation etc. In essentially agressive featuters frequently expressed to the many distress “collected” by holders type A, pressed myocardium with pathophysiological changes specific for aggression.

TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade and ST-segment resolution in the assessment of coronary reperfusion after primary angioplasty

Angiographic coronary flow parameters and resolution of ST segment changes play an important role in the evaluation of reperfusion in patients with acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In previous studies on the relation between angiographic and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters of coronary reperfusion, several alternative methods to assess ST segment resolution were used. Thus, the relation between the TIMI Myocardial Perfusion Grade (TMPG) and different methods to evaluate ST segment resolution seems to be of interest. To evaluate the relationship between TMPG and absolute and relative ST segment resolution after successful primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI). We studied a population of STEMI patients successfully treated with pPCI. Reperfusion of the coronary microcirculation was determined using 4-grade TMPG scale in coronary angiography performed after successful pPCI. ST segment resolution was analysed in two manners: 1) by calculating the sum of ST segment elevation in infarct leads and depression in reciprocal leads after pPCI (absolute resolution, SSTD); 2) as a percent reduction of summed ST segment deviation from the baseline value (relative resolution, SSTD%). Maximum ST segment elevation in a single lead on the postprocedural ECG was measured to categorise the risk of death. ST segment elevation > 1 mm for an inferior infarct or > 2 mm for an anterior infarct was considered the criterion of high risk (high risk ECG). The study population included 183 patients treated with pPCI. We found a significant but weak negative correlation between TMPG and SSTD (r = -0.27, p = 0.0002). Significant differences in median SSTD were observed between TMPG 0 vs. TMPG 2 and TMPG 3 groups (p = 0.0034 and 0.0121, respectively) and also between TMPG 1 and TMPG 2 (p = 0.02). A significant but very weak positive correlation was found between TMPG and SSTD% (r = 0.16,p = 0.0286). However, further analyses showed that differences in median SSTD% between patients with different TMPG values were statistically insignificant (p = 0.1756). In patients with TMPG 2/3, a high risk ECG was absent considerably more often (p = 0.0007). However, angiographic features of successfully vs. unsuccessfully reperfused microcirculation did not correspond to the presence of a high risk ECG in about 34% of cases. TMPG is more closely related to absolute compared to relative ST segment resolution. A high risk ECG was absent in most patients with TMPG 2 or 3. However, in about one third of cases TMPG did not correspond to the presence of ECG high risk features. These data suggest that TMPG is complementary to ST segment resolution in the assessment of coronary reperfusion.

Thrombus aspiration in a series of patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris and lesion-site thrombus formation.

Background. In acute myocardial infarction, thrombus aspiration prior to percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) is often beneficial, but this approach has never been studied in patients without acute myocardial infarction. The aim of this retrospective study is to shed light on that topic based on our initial experience with manual thrombus aspiration in patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris and angiographic evidence of lesion-site thrombus. Methods. We assessed the feasibility (thrombus aspiration without predilatation) of this approach; in addition, we determined angiographic coronary flow and myocardial blush grade. Results. During 33 months in which a total of 4725 PCI were performed in our centre, manual thrombus aspiration was attempted in 14 patients with stable or unstable angina pectoris with angiographic evidence of thrombus. In nine of these 14 patients, the aspiration catheter could be advanced into the lesion without predilatation; in eight patients visible thrombus was obtained. The corrected TIMI frame count improved during the entire interventional procedure (21.1±11.2 vs. 12.8±5.9 frames; p=0.015). Myocardial blush grade, which overall improved during PCI (p<0.001), tended to show greater improvement in patients in whom thrombus aspiration could be achieved (1.6±0.9 vs. 0.7±0.5; p=0.06). Conclusions. Preliminary evidence suggests that manual thrombus aspiration may occasionally be considered in selected patients without acute myocardial infarction but with angiographic evidence of lesion-site thrombus. Nevertheless, prospective studies are required to clearly define the role of this approach in clinical practice. (Neth Heart J 2010;18:423-9.).

A pilot study with a new, rapid‐exchange, thrombus‐aspirating device in patients with thrombus‐containing lesions: The Diver C.E. study

In patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS), distal embolization of thrombotic material is more likely to play a key role in the pathogenesis of myocardial no-reflow during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Thus, interventional techniques able to reduce thrombus burden at the culprit vessel might improve final myocardial reperfusion. To evaluate a new rapid-exchange thrombus-aspirating catheter, the Diver C.E., in patients with thrombotic coronary lesions undergoing PCI. Fifty patients with acute myocardial infarction (n = 44) or with non-ST-elevation ACS and angiographic evidence of coronary thrombus (n = 6) undergoing urgent PCI were prospectively enrolled. The Diver C.E. was used to aspirate coronary thrombus from the culprit lesion after placement of the guidewire. Adjunctive balloon inflations and stent implantation were used to achieve good angiographic result. Angiographic coronary flow (by means of TIMI score and corrected TIMI frame count, cTFC), thrombus score (TS), and myocardial perfusion (by means of postintervention myocardial blush grade, MBG) were assessed in all patients. The device could be successfully employed in 96% of the cases (48/50) and yielded significant (P < 0.0001) acute reduction in thrombus burden (TS: predevice 3.5 +/- 0.8, postdevice 2.5 +/- 0.9) and improvement in coronary flow (TIMI grade: predevice 1.0 +/- 0.9, postdevice 2.0 +/- 0.9; CTFC predevice 71 +/- 31, postdevice 39 +/- 26). Final TIMI grade 0-1 was observed in one patient only (2%). A significant (P = 0.02) correlation was found between preintervention TS and efficacy of thrombus aspiration. A more pronounced acute reduction of thrombus burden after thrombus aspiration (TS reduction > or = 2) was associated with a better postintervention angiographic myocardial perfusion (MBG 2.3 +/- 0.9 vs 1.7 +/- 0.8; P = 0.05). This new, easy-to-use, device is able to reduce thrombus burden and to improve coronary flow in patients with thrombus-containing lesions. The improvement in myocardial perfusion associated to greater thrombus removal highlights the importance of thrombus aspiration in the management of thrombus-burdened coronary lesions.

Rescue percutaneous thrombectomy system provides better angiographic coronary flow and does not increase the in-hospital cost in patients with acute myocardial infarction.

In acute myocardial infarction (AMI), slow flow (<TIMI 3) after reperfusion remains a problem. Removing the thrombus from culprit lesions should reduce this phenomenon and improve clinical outcome, so to evaluate the advantages of the Rescue percutaneous thrombectomy system (Rescue PT), 65 cases of AMI in which Rescue PT (RT group) was carried out were compared with 66 cases of AMI that were treated before Rescue PT became available (non-RT group). The study compared angiographic results, in-hospital clinical outcomes and the cost estimation during hospitalization. In the RT group, direct stenting was chosen more frequently (57% vs 5%, p=0.002) and the number of balloon catheters used was less (0.7+/-0.8 vs 1.4+/-0.6, p<0.0001). The incidence of slow flow and the maximum serum creatine kinase value over 24 h were lower in the RT group (3.1% vs 19.7%, p=0.01 and 3444+/-2218 IU vs 4182+/-3010 IU, p<0.05 respectively); however, in-hospital clinical outcomes were identical. No major complication related to the Rescue PT procedure was found. The cost for the initial procedure and the total cost during hospitalization were similar between the groups. Thrombectomy with Rescue PT before mechanical dilatation of the culprit lesions is safe and feasible, even in the emergency clinical setting, and results in better angiographic coronary flow. This therapy facilitates direct stenting and does not increase the cost of treatment.

Predictors and prognosis of suboptimal coronary blood flow after primary coronary angioplasty in patients with acute myocardial infarction

We hypothesized that certain clinical and angiographic characteristics on presentation predict suboptimal infarct artery flow after percutaneous intervention during acute myocardial infarction (AMI). The goal of angioplasty (percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty [PTCA]) during AMI is the prompt restoration of normal flow to achieve myocardial reperfusion. However, inadequate epicardial coronary flow is observed in 10% to 20% of patients. From 2 large randomized trials—Global Use of Strategies To open Occluded arteries in Acute Coronary Syndromes-IIb, and Randomized Placebo-Controlled Trial of Platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa Blockade With Primary Angioplasty for Acute Myocardial Infarction—patients undergoing primary PTCA during AMI were included in the analysis. A multivariate logistic model was used to identify factors associated with final Thrombolysis In Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) flow grade ≤2. The 891 patients were aged (mean ± SD) 61 ± 12 years, 75% were men, and 39% had an anterior wall AMI. Patients underwent PTCA within 4.8 ± 3.2 hours from the onset of chest pain. The incidence of final TIMI 3 flow was 81%. TIMI flow grade ≤2 was independently associated with increasing age (odds ratio [OR] 1.39 for every 10 years, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19 to 1.62), increasing heart rate (OR 1.16 for every 10 beats, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.28), and presence of visible thrombus on baseline angiogram (OR 1.89, 95% CI 1.18 to 3.05). Conversely, baseline TIMI 2 or 3 flow grade (OR 0.46, 95% CI 0.28 to 0.75) and left circumflex intervention (OR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.79) correlated with normal postprocedural coronary flow. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with TIMI ≤2 than TIMI 3 flow grade (10.2% vs 1.5%, p <0.001, respectively). Thus, angiographic evidence of thrombus and 2 pivotal clinical characteristics, advanced age and elevated heart rate, predict lack of adequate coronary reperfusion. Conversely, the presence of normal or near-normal coronary flow before intervention correlates with a good angiographic result. Mortality risk is increased in patients with postprocedural suboptimal angiographic coronary flow.