Angara River Basin Research Articles

Зонирование малых городов Иркутской области по степени опасности затопления

Methods of flooding zones identification using as satellite space images as digital elevation model in the QGIS geographic information system are considered. It has been determined that the digital elevation model is most effective method. It allows to more accurately identify the flooding zone boundary according to the elevation marks of the highest water level at the hydrological station. For studying the floods risk the small towns in the Angara River basin in Irkutsk region were selected (Tulun, Nizhneudinsk and Biryusinsk), which located on the floodplain areas of the Iya, Uda and Biryusa Rivers. Biryusinsk is subject to less flooding and consequences due to the location of the town on elevated areas of the right-bank terraces of the Biryusa River valley. Zoning of “Tulun town”, “Nizhneudinsk town” and “Biryusinsk town” according to the flood risk degree was carried out. According to relief elevation marks the four zones have been defined for each territory, which characterized by different degrees of flooding hazard (high hazard, medium hazard, low hazard and no hazard zone). An analysis of the main causes, as well as the structure of the flood zone during the catastrophic rain flood of 2019 in the cities of Tulun and Nizhneudinsk was carried out. He showed that, along with hydroclimatic factors (intense and abundant rainfall, high previous moisture content of watersheds), a significant role in the formation of great damage from floods was played by high population, economic development and development features of flooding areas of the Iya and Uda river valleys. The floods damage in Biryusinsk is less, despite the frequent observation of water levels above the critical level due to the city location on elevated area of the right-bank terraces of the Biryusa river.

Subconcepts «Father» and «Mother» in the Traditional Linguistic Culture of the North Angara River Basin

The article is about the structure of subconcepts «father» and «mother», as well as the linguistic means of representing their conceptual, figurative and value layers. Subconcepts under research are included in the structure of the linguistic cultural concept «family», which is one of the basic concepts in the traditional linguistic culture of the North Angara river basin. The sources of the study are cultural oral texts recorded from residents of the North Angara river basin (Kezhemsky, Bogychansky and Motyginsky districts of Krasnoyarsk region). The topically of the study is determined by some facts: it is conducted within communicative-discursive paradigm of modern linguistics; insufficient knowledge of the content and structure of the linguistic cultural concept «family» in the regional linguistic culture; sociocultural significance of the traditional linguistic culture research of the North Angara river basin. In the course of the study, it was found that the conceptual and value layers are most clearly explicated in the analyzed texts. A positive assessment prevails in the value layers of the subconcepts «father» and «mother». Results of the research broaden the empirical basis of psycholinguoculturological, linguoculturology and communicative dialectology and other related sciences.

Дифференциация климатипов лиственниц (Larix spp.) в географических культурах в лесостепи Средней Сибири

Дифференциация климатипов лиственниц (Larix spp.) в географических культурах в лесостепи Средней Сибири

Flood hazard on the Upper Angara river

The article provides the results of studies on flooding in the rivers of the northern Baikal on the example of the Upper Angara river basin. Some information about the situation with floods and mudflows in the dynamics since 1933 is highlighted. Spatial and temporal patterns of maximum levels, water discharge, duration of high levels, intensity of the water rise have been studied using standard methods of processing hydrological information to assess risks and hazard. On the basis of long-term observation series, expedition surveys we considered classification geohydrological characteristics of floods by genesis of their formation, recurrence of extreme levels, intensity and depth of floodplain inundation. The areas of possible flooding and waterlogging have been determined on the basis of large-scale maps using GIS technologies using ArcGIS. Settlements and infrastructure facilities located in hazardous areas have been identified. Engineering measures to mitigate flood risks in the Upper Angara river have been proposed.

SPATIAL-TEMPORAL ASPECTS OF THE HYDROLOGICAL REGIME IN CATCHMENTS AFTER CLEARCUTTING

This article discusses the spatial and temporal aspects of hydrological processes in catchments after logging for different landscape conditions of Central Siberia. For this discussion, the results of our own research in the Sayan Mountains, the Yenisei Ridge, the Angara River basin, the Khamar-Daban ridge and literature data were involved. It analyzed the impact of felling area to change the river flow and development of the erosion at the catchment area. The annual runoff, its seasonal structure and sediment discharge change significantly in dependence on as area of clearcutting so area of river basin. The authors analyzed the results of observations of the restoration of the water balance in the experimental logging sites of small catchments and the dynamics of runoff in large rivers. Research has shown the vegetation cover structure changes continuously on logged sites during post-logging forest regeneration and future post-cutting hydrologic regime scenarios are determined both by further climatic changes and by vegetation succession trajectories. The role of the time as a factor to decrease erosion at watershed after logging depends of many regional and local features of landscapes and of initial soil mineralized by logging. For the forests of Khamar-Daban mountainous in Baikal basin the model of soil erosion at watersheds after logging was developed.

The Stability of the Water Management System in the Angara River Basin in Different Water Level Conditions

The Stability of the Water Management System in the Angara River Basin in Different Water Level Conditions

Erosion and accumulative processes in river valleys of the Upper Angara region (as exemplified by the catastrophic floods in 2019 on the rivers of Irkutsk Oblast)

The article considers development features of erosion-accumulative processes during catastrophic floods in 2019 on the rivers of Irkutsk oblast, in the Angara river basin (as exemplified by the Bol’shaya Belaya river). Considering the combination of morphodynamic channel types we preliminary determined main types, interaction degree of flood waters and floodplain-channel complexes in different areas. We revealed that the most intensive transformations of the floodplain-channel relief are associated with engineering and construction structures that hinder the natural exchange of floodplain and channel flows. The rates of coastal recession during the flood period were revealed; on average, they amounted to 2 m. The processes of coastal erosion-tearing away of bank are typical of sandy loam deposits composing the upper part of floodplain surfaces. The most dynamic areas of bank destruction correspond to the concave parts of the channel bends. Note is taken that the presence of linear infrastructure objects (roads) within the floodplain massifs often caused the flow rates increase and an increase in the volume of transported material, as well as formation of accumulative landforms, which can hinder water exchange between channel and floodplain streams in the future, and also serve as an additional development factor of processes that are negative for a person and can lead to total destruction of infrastructures, or cause significant damage to them.

Paleomeanders of the Belaya River (the Upper Angara region)

The article presents data on the existence of fragments of the ancient river network in the Belaya River valley (the Angara River basin). We characterize the modern floodplain-terrace complex of the Belaya River, namely the structure of modern floodplains and low terraces, the heights of their basement and morphology, as well as describe the structure of the ancient part of the Belaya River channel. The estimated fragment of the ancient valley of the Belaya River, with a length of 13.6 km, is a macro-bend. The morphometric parameters of the incised meanders of the ancient valley almost two times exceed the modern meanders of free type but are close in their morphometric parameters to modern incised meanders. Based on the morphometric parameters of fragments of the ancient river channel, we calculated the velocities of the paleo-Belaya and compared them with the actual values for the Belaya River. The calculated water flow rates of the ancient channel are 3.7 to 4.5 times higher than the modern parameters. However, these parameters are close to the maximum values during the summer floods. At the next stage of research, we plan to reconstruct the ancient river network of the area by analyzing basal surface maps.

Complex approach to evaluating the underground hydrosphere stability for the urbanized areas in the Angara river basin (East Siberia, Russia)

The development of East Siberia is accompanied by the urban population and infrastructure growth, which in turn, leads to an increase in the intensity of the technogenic impact on the geological environment (GE). One of the most unstable GE components is the underground hydrosphere. In hydrogeological terms, the research area is located within the Angara-Lena artesian basin. The sedimentary cover of the area has a block structure, which, along with the erosion network predetermines the formation of the current hydrogeological conditions. The article considers the key factors for evaluating the complex index of the hydrosphere stability. There are three groups distinguished: natural factors forming the stability margin, technogenic factors causing the underground hydrosphere evolution, and natural-technogenic factors reflecting the ongoing evolution. The article focuses on the first group concerning evaluation of the drainage degree and the model filtration cross-sections stability. Ecological-hydrogeological zoning of the areas under research based on the complex hydrosphere stability index allows us to mark out the sites where environmental measures are required to prohibit the urbanization negative impact.

The Concept of the Exiled in the Angara Linguoculture

The article features the structure and content of the concept "the exiled" in the Angaralinguoculture. Using conceptual analysis method, the author identified and examined conceptual and value layers of the concept "the exiled" in the oral stories and interviews with the residents of the North Angara river basin (Kezhemsky, Bogychansky and Motyginsky districts of Krasnoyarskregion). The originality of the study is in the fact that it is the first time the concept in question has been investigated on the basis of the Angarabasin residents’ oral stories and interviews. The study was conducted in the frames of the communicative-discursive paradigm of the modern linguistics. Its topicality is based on the fact that the conceptosphere of the Angaralinguoculture remains largely understudied. Moreover, researches of the moral culture of the Angarabasin residents have important sociocultural value since the population was mostly resettled after the construction of the Bogychany hydroelectric power station and flooding of villages in Kezhemsky district of Krasnoyarsk region. The research findings broaden the empirical basis of linguoculturology and communicative dialectology and clarify the peculiarities of the concept "the exiled" in the regional Siberian linguoculture. The author established that the explication of the value layer of the concept «the exiled» was verbalized via evaluative adverbs and adjectives. Positive normative (rationalistic),

СТРУКТУРА И СОДЕРЖАНИЕ МАКРОКОНЦЕПТА «АНГАРЦЫ» (НА МАТЕРИАЛЕ УСТНЫХ РАССКАЗОВ ЖИТЕЛЕЙ СЕВЕРНОГО ПРИАНГАРЬЯ)

The article is devoted to analyzing the structure and content of the macro-concept “Angara basin residents” in the Angara linguo-culture. Using a conceptual analysis method the author identifies and examines conceptual and value layers of the macro-concept “Angara basin residents” in the oral stories of the residents of the North Angara river basin. The originality of the study is in the fact that this concept is for the first time investigated by the material of the Angara basin residents’ oral stories about “the natives”. The research findings broaden the empirical basis of linguo-culturology and communicative dialectology, clarify the peculiarities of the macro-concept “Angara basin residents” in the regional Siberian linguo-culture.

Late Pleistocene horse Equus (Equus) ferus (Perissodactyla, Equidae) from the Cis-Baikal and Transbaikalia

The paper presents morphological examination of caballoid horse remains (Equus (Equus)) from the Baikal region. The study area stretches from Angara river basin up to western Transbaikalia. Fossil material was dated to the second half of the Late Pleistocene, from Kargin Interstadial to the Late Glacial. In all 18 upper and lower jaws, 34 isolated teeth, 37 metacarpal and 56 metatarsal bones were measured. Comparative analysis of horse remains from the Cis-Baikal area, Transbaikalia, and contemporaneous material from the south of Eastern Europe, the Ural Mountains, Western and North-Eastern Siberia revealed marked intraspecific variation in the Late Pleistocene horses. Observed size variation in skeletal elements reflects temporal and regional variation in horse body size. Multivariate analysis showed that despite the significant size variation between local populations, fossil horses were homogeneous in their morphology. Relative proportions of metacarpal and metatarsal bones remained constant through the Late Pleistocene. Horse remains from the Cis-Baikal area and Transbaikalia were attributed to Equus ferus – a circumpolar species in the Late Pleistocene. Przewalski’s horse (Equus przewalskii) differs from fossil horses by the relative proportions of the limb bones. Based on morphometric analysis we can conclude that E. przewalskii did not inhabit the Baikal region during the Late Pleistocene.

New Holocene refugia of giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blum.) in Siberia: updated extinction patterns

We obtained new data on the existence of giant deer (Megaloceros giganteus Blum.) in Siberia during the Holocene. Bones and antler of giant deer from new localities in western (Baraba forest steppe) and eastern (Angara River basin) Siberia are dated by radiocarbon, ranging 7900–10,300BP (ca 8800–12,200 cal BP). Based on these data, we can extend the ‘Siberian’ Early Holocene habitat of giant deer at least 2400 km to the east compared to previous works. The final extinction of giant deer turned out to be more complex than it was previously thought, with perhaps relatively large refugium in Western Siberia at 7900–7000BP (ca 8800–7900 cal BP) which was reduced to the Trans-Urals region at 7000–6800BP (ca 7900–7600 cal BP).

Morphological characteristics and ecological peculiarities of nonparasitic lampreys of the genus Lethenteron (Petromyzontidae) from the Angara River basin

Evidence on morphology, biological characteristics, and ecological peculiarities of monocyclic, nonparasitic resident form of lamprey of the genus Lethenteron inhabiting the Amur River basin is presented for the first time. The studied sample includes mature individuals and three size groups of larvae. Maximum length and weight of larvae comprise 191 mm and 9.5 g, respectively; that of adult individuals is 182 mm and 8.2 g. Sex dimorphism was determined according to several characters, of them the most significant are anteanal and antedorsal distances, as well as the distance from the anus to the end of the body. Reproduction takes place at the end of May-beginning of June at the water temperature 13–15°C. At different spawning grounds, density of individuals averages 96–133 ind/m2; males are greater than of females by a factor of 1.5. The individual absolute fecundity is 1683 (1042–3166) eggs with a diameter of 0.83 (0.79–0.87) mm. The lamprey inhabits both the main channel of Angara (up to the inflow into it of the Kitoi River) and its tributaries.

Transformation of microbial cenoses in soils of light coniferous forests caused by cuttings and fires in the Lower Angara River basin

The influence of surface fires and cutting on the quantitative and functional parameters of microbial cenoses in the soils of light coniferous forests in the Lower Angara River basin was studied. In the litters of soddy-podzolic soils under pine forests, the microbial biomass was 4080–4700 μg C/g; the basal respiration was 17.00–20.32 μg C-CO2/g/h; and the qCO2, 4.17–4.33 μg C-CO2/mg Cmic/h. In the humus-accumulative horizon, these values were 880–1160 μg C/g, 2.48–4.12 μg C-CO2/g/h, and 2.83–3.55 C-CO2/mg Cmic/h, respectively. In the litter of the one-year-old felled area, the content of microbial biomass carbon was by two times lower; in the litter of burned plots, it was by 60–70% lower than in the litter of the control area. The intensity of the microbial respiration did not change proportionally to the microbial biomass content, which resulted in an imbalance between the processes of the organic matter mineralization-immobilization towards a release of CO2 as evidenced by the increase of the qCO2 values by 2–4 times. In the five-year-old felled area, at the stage of restoring the herbaceous vegetation, a tendency towards the stabilization of the destructive microbiological processes was revealed. In the felled areas, the high number of heterotrophic microorganisms, the reduced oligotrophy of the soil organic horizons, and the more intense microbiological mineralization of the organic matter were observed. The surface fires in the felled areas and forests significantly affected the structure and the number of ecological-trophic groups of microorganisms in the litters, the humus-accumulative horizons, and in the upper mineral soil layers. The maximal structural and functional disturbance in the soil microbial complex was found in the logged areas affected by fires.

Short intense bursts in magmatic activity in the south of Siberian Platform (Angara-Taseeva depression): the paleomagnetic evidence

Based on the paleomagnetic study of intrusive and explosive Permian-Triassic traps in the Angara River basin, Siberian Platform, it is established that the formation of the traps was marked by three short and highly intense bursts in magmatic activity, which resulted in the intrusion of three large dolerite sills (Tolstomysovsky, Padunsky and Tulunsky) and the deposition of the tuffs of the Kapaevsky Formation. These magmatic bursts occurred against the long-lived less intense background magmatism, which caused the formation of small intrusive bodies and tuff sequences. The geochronological data and correlation of the Angara traps to the effusive trap sequences in the north of the Siberian Platform (Norilsk and Maymecha-Kotuy regions) indicate that intrusion of the Tolstomysovsky sill and eruption of its comagmatic tuffs of the Kapaevsky Formation occurred in the Early Triassic. The obtained paleomagnetic data contradict the existing idea that the Padunsky and Tulunsky sills are coeval. Moreover, these data show that the magmatic bodies of different ages were mistakenly referred to the same sill.

Archaezoological characteristics of the settlement of Totok (southern Angara River basin, Siberia)

Archaezoological characteristics of the settlement of Totok (southern Angara River basin, Siberia)

Regularities of the distribution and heavy metal forms in technogenically transformed chernozems of the southern Angara River basin and northeastern China

Specific features of heavy metals and As migration in the system soil-plant are considered on the basis of the results obtained in the analysis of different forms of toxic elements in technogenically transformed chernozems of the southern Baikal Lake basin. These results are compared to the data of analogous studies conducted in northeastern China. The regularities in the bioaccumulation of heavy metals and As were related to their forms, their concentration in the soils, and the plant species. Cadmium was found to be the most mobile element, which accumulated in the chernozems to the greatest degree; lead was the least mobile element.

The influence of pine forests of different ages on the biological activity of layland soils in the middle Angara River basin

The influence of pine forests of different ages (from 25 to 85 years) restoring on old plow land soils is reflected in the biological processes proceeding in them. The drastic decrease in the absolute and relative number of actinomycetes, along with an increase of the fungal population in the microbial complexes of the soils (within the whole profiles), indicates that the microbocenoses acquire “forest” properties. In the soils under the younger pine forests, the processes of microbiological mineralization and specific respiration activity are more active than in the soils under the older pine forests. With the age of the pine forests, the soil profiles become more differentiated according to the eluvial-illuvial type.

Transformation of forest litter properties under controlled burning of fir forests defoliated by Siberian moths in the Lower Angara River basin

The results of studying the dynamics of forest litter properties in the loci of a Siberian moth (Dendrolimus sibiricus) mass outbreak are considered. As a fir forest defoliated by this pest burns, the reserves and fractional composition of the forest litter, its actual acidity, and its chemical composition drastically change. Upon the burning out of such forests, the litter complex of invertebrates is fully destroyed and begins restoring only two years after the fire.