Ancillary Activities Research Articles

Sobrerol in Managing Acute Respiratory Infections in Clinical Practice During the "Cold" Season: An Italian Primary Care Experience.

Acute upper respiratory infections (AURI) represent a daily challenge in primary care practice. Mucus production may impair during AURI. Sobrerol is a muco-active agent that improves rheological characteristics and exerts other ancillary activities. The aim of this retrospective case-series study was to compare the efficacy and safety of different uses of sobrerol (only oral, only nebulized, and combined or standard treatment for infections alone) in patients with AURIs. The present clinical experience retrospectively collected clinical data of patients with AURIs visited by ten primary care doctors (pediatricians and general practitioners) over a long period. Patients could take standard therapy for infections, or as add-on: oral sobrerol, nebulized sobrerol, or combined oral and nebulized aerosol during the infection for 3 days. Patients treated with combined oral and nebulized sobrerol experienced less intense symptoms, mainly concerning cough (p < 0.001) and nasal complaints (p = 0.043). In addition, the patients taking the combined therapy reported a more rapid disappearance of cough and nasal symptoms at day 7 than patients treated with the other options (OR 4.47 and 3.16, respectively). The current retrospective and observational study showed that a three-day combined (oral and nebulized) sobrerol course may represent a valuable add-on option in patients with AURIs.

Promoting Safety, Security, Awareness and Productivity in Port Plants

This paper focuses on the combined use of eXtended Reality and Simulation to improve awareness and confidence in Container Terminal Operations by tailoring a Simulation Systems. Experimentation is proposed as example of the benefits achievable by training virtually operators in this context. The complexity of Port Operations creates a quite dangerous environment where the highly competitive business sector push to increase speed of operations and flows. In additions Port Terminals involve many actors that have to work and interoperate within a multi domain environment, outdoor all around the clock along the year in an almost all- weather context. Ports are growing getting encapsulated within major city that over time turn to be megacities creating additional challenges especially in terms of Safety and Security that require to operate with high performance in a safe framework. The automation obviously is crucial to further increase operations, therefore up to know the human component is still quite critical for many ancillary activities as well as often on main and secondary ones due to the flexibility and reliability required. This aspect could suggest a big potential for Industry 4.0 and its future evolution in this field as well as a continuous struggling with the very conservative mentality of Shipping and Maritime Operations relying in Systems able to operate in the previous mentioned conditions. Indeed, Training and Education are crucial to face these challenges and make it possible to introduce new technologies, policies and approaches in the very strategic field of Port Activities. The authors propose an experimentation carried out to demonstrate the potential to move training and education on virtual interactive solutions based on MS2G paradigm (Modeling, interoperable Simulation and Serious Games) by tailoring a Simulation System on specific criticalities

Pedagogical Approaches in Teaching Secondary Mathematics in the Division of Batangas Province

The study aimed to provide information about the pedagogical approaches utilized in teaching secondary Mathematics in the Division of Batangas Province. Furthermore, it also aimed to find out if there is a significant association between assessments of mathematical performance as well as the extent to which pedagogical approaches are used in teaching mathematics. Descriptive research was employed in this study, with a questionnaire serving as the primary data collection instrument. The subject of the study is the SHS mathematics teachers in the Division of Batangas Province. Among the 149 respondents, the findings showed that most of the respondents assessed their extent of utilization of pedagogical approaches to a great extent. Moreover, based on the result, there was a significant relationship between the learners’ level of performance in General Mathematics and teachers’ extent of utilization of pedagogical approaches in teaching Mathematics in terms of teacher and learner interaction, learning content, mastery of the subject matter, and learning assessment. Besides, most of the respondents in the division agreed that their major problems in the utilization of pedagogical approaches in teaching Mathematics are the scarcity of learning resources (learning gadgets and pedagogical material textbooks), handling large class sizes, heavy workloads of teachers and ancillary activities, curriculum materials (textbooks/modules) are not prepared in a way that can facilitate pedagogical approaches, balancing the different learning needs of students, students’ unwillingness to learn cooperatively, absence of support in different trainings from the administrators and stakeholders, inadequate time to devote to the preparation/ designing of activities anchored in the pedagogical approaches, and resistance of teachers in exploring technology which highlights the importance of pedagogical approaches. This goes to show that there is a need to resolve these challenges to maximize teachers’ potential in utilizing the pedagogical approaches in teaching Mathematics. On top of that, some recommendations will be very useful not only to the teachers but also to the future researchers who will benefit the most from this study. As a result of the study, the researcher conceptualized and will utilize Project WERPA (Worksheets, E-games, Remediation, and peer assistance) to effectively intensify the application of pedagogical approaches in teaching secondary Mathematics. Keywords: Collaborative, Constructivist, Integrative, Inquiry-based and Reflective Approach

Donors' giving decisions toward nonprofit commercialization: Do commercial form and intensity matter?

AbstractCommercialization is an established yet contested practice in the nonprofit sphere. Whereas proponents point to increased financial stability, others warn about crowding out of individual donations. This ambiguity raises the question: Under which configuration is nonprofit commercialization (un)likely to uphold the promise of financial stability? Drawing on institutional theory, we conduct a survey experiment with U.S.‐based individuals (N = 1031) to examine the impact of nonprofit commercialization form (i.e., commercialization of core/ancillary activities) and intensity on individual donation likelihood. Contrary to our theoretical expectations, we find that individual donors (a) prefer commercial ancillary activities over commercial core activities, and (b) are not negatively affected by high levels of commercial income. This study advances our understanding of how nonprofit commercialization affects donors' giving likelihood. This study also offers guidance to nonprofit practitioners on how to commercialize for better financial health.

Review of Literature on Fish Marketing in Coastal Districts of Karnataka - Challenges and Opportunities

Abstract: Purpose: In Indian economy fishing has its own importance. India is one of the largest producers of fish both sea and in land. Fisheries help in expanding food supplies, employment generating, raise nutritional level and earn foreign exchange. The fisheries production contributes around 1% to India’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and over 5% of agricultural GDP. The fisheries sector provides employment for over 11 million people who are fully employed, part time or in ancillary activities related to the sector with an equally impressive proportion of the population engaged in ancillary activities. At present, India being the largest fish producers in the world, accounts for about 6% of global fish production. Purpose of the study to know the challenges of fresh fish marketing activity and the opportunities for fishermen and women in fresh fish marketing in view of improvement of their socio - economic status as well as supply of quality products to ultimate consumers. Fish sellers faces numerous problems while marketing the fish such as poor drainage, safety, electricity, icing, personal expenses, unsanitary environment and transportation, etc., The development of fish marketing facilities is vital, by improving fish transportation facilities, building an ice factory and introducing a fish quality monitoring unit. Design/Methodology/Approach: In this study systematic literature review methodology is used to identify research gap and research agendas. A technical study was used for research. Studies based on the secondary information. Information related to fisheries problem in procurement, transportation, selling the fresh will be collected. Their views regarding magnitude of the problems will be presented in tabular form. Further their expectation from institutional agency and their support for fisheries activities. Secondary data is collected through books, newspapers, previous research and government websites. Findings: Significant number of research initiatives in the field of Fish marketing issues, management, functions, climate change effect, performance of fisheries cooperatives in the international and in India but very few studies are done to socio - economic conditions of fisher - women, fish - marketing in Coastal District of Karnataka – Challenges and opportunities. Level of education in fish marketing is low. Adequate storage conditions must be provided to preserve the fish. Finally, this paper highlights the challenges of fresh fish marketing activity and the opportunities for fishermen and women in fresh fish marketing regarding improvement in their socio - economic status as well as supply of quality products to ultimate consumers. Recommendations for future research are also formulated in systematic literature reviews. Originality/Value: Fisherwomen plays an important role in fisheries sector and responsible for providing services to fishing families and community networks and support structures. Studies have not thrown light on problems of fisherwomen in procurement, processing, transportation and marketing of fresh fish in distinct location. Academia, researchers and experts working in the field of fish marketing will find this article useful in understanding the current state of the literature on fish marketing opportunities and challenges and existing gaps. Paper Type: Review of Literature

Partnering Higher Education and K–12 Institutions in OER: Foundations in Supporting Teacher OER-Enabled Pedagogy

Open educational resources (OER) are disproportionately created and/or accessed by institutions of higher education as compared to K–12 even though teachers confront the challenge of outdated teaching materials or, worse, an increasing trend by school districts to discontinue textbook adoption altogether. In this paper, we describe a sustainable and innovative example of OER-enabled pedagogy (OEP) that partners teachers and students across institutional boundaries to address these problems. The Pathways Project (PP) is a higher education and K–12 community of 350 world-language teachers, students, and staff that engage in the 5Rs (retain, reuse, revise, remix, and redistribute) of OEP with a repository of more than 800 OER ancillary activities that support standards-based pedagogy for 10 world languages and cultures. The PP is innovative because it fosters renewable assignments for the entire disciplinary ecosystem unlike most OEP studies that discuss renewable assignments limited to a single course. Teacher education is one of the best places to engage OEP because teachers are trained to personalize and contextualize OER materials for their local classroom needs. In so doing, the PP community receives timely discipline-specific professional development that is in high demand, especially in rural communities where teachers are isolated. Higher education-K–12 OEP partnerships are rare, and yet teacher education programs exist in most universities and can be a logical place to start. This paper provides concrete examples and practical steps that are transferable to other disciplines looking to engage in similar types of OER-OEP collaboration and community engagement.

Fish Market and Marketing System in the Cuddalore DistrictChidambaram and Parangipettai Regions

The fish production in the country in 2022 was 8.13 million tonnes, of which 4.2 million tonnes was contributed by the marine sector and the rest by inland sector. Fish and fish products accounted for approximately Rs.9,200 crore towards country’s exports, which constitutes 20% of the national agricultural exports. Marine fisheries sector forms the source of livelihood for over 7.5 million traditional fishermen inhabiting about 5,600 coastal fishing villages situated along the country’s coastal belt. It provides direct and indirect employment for several million people in fishing, processing, trading and ancillary activities. The present study aims to find out the marketing problems of fisherman in Chidambaram and Parangipettai Villages in the Cuddalore District. A large number of people are concerned with fish production, distribution and marketing systems in both the fish markets of the Cuddalore District, viz., the Chidambaram fish market and the Parangipettai fish market. The main aim of this study is to describe the present status of fish marketing system of fish and dry fish products. The description is based on primary data and secondary data collected in the different markets.

The role of marketing in overcoming the problems of ancillary activities of railway stations in Ukraine

The role of marketing in overcoming the problems of ancillary activities of railway stations in Ukraine

Kriging Interpolation Approach for Monitoring of Ambient Air Quality in Opencast Iron Ore Mining Region of Keonjhar District, Odisha, India

Joda- Barbil region of the Keonjhar District, Odisha is blessed with vast natural resources especially, high-grade iron and manganese ore deposits, due to which it has occupied a vital position in the mineral map of India. Mining of minerals resources is an important commercial activity indispensable for the economic development of a nation. Opencast iron ore mining and other ancillary activities influence the adjoining ecology and environment. Numbers of environmental issues are arising due to unscientific widespread opencast mining activities and have a direct impact on other natural resources like land, water, soil, air, flora and fauna. Ambient air gets severely affected due to the addition of fugitive dust and other pollutants directly or indirectly at every stage of mining activity starting from exploration, exploitation and mineral beneficiation. All forms of pollutants reduce the ambient air quality and enhance the health risk of the people living nearby villages. Increasing air pollution levels in the mining region can have immediate effects on the health of indigenous community and also on flora. A Kriging interpolation method has been applied to monitor the ambient air quality in opencast iron ore mining region of Keonjhar district. This practice is very useful for sustainable and eco-friendly mining as it is cost-effective and time-saving techniques and can interpret the spatial dispersion of pollution levels in un-sampled regions. Kriging interpolation analysis revealed that the ambient air quality level during the year 2005 to 2008 were high around Barbil, Thakurani and Noamundi. Keywords: Ambient Air Pollutants, Opencast Mining, Kriging Interpolation, Keonjhar District

Tools and Development Drivers for the Gastronomic Tourism

The article examines the concept and features of gastronomic tourism, its history and its importance in the modern world. It is noted that gastronomic tourism meets all the requirements in transitioning from a service economy to an experience economy. The basis of gastronomic tourism is an authentic product identified by territorial characteristics and can attract tourists to the region. Gastronomic tourism is based on the concept of knowing and exploring, eating, tasting and enjoying the gastronomic culture of a region or country. The uniqueness of gastro tourism is highlighted as it links such policy development and integrated planning, product development and packaging, promotion and marketing, distribution and sales, and operations and services in tourism destinations, which are vital core activities in the tourism value chain. Ancillary activities related to the gastronomic product include transport and infrastructure, human resource development, technology and systems of other ancillary goods and services, which may not be associated with the leading tourism business but have a significant impact on the value of tourism. Also, the article discusses in detail the strategic plan for developing gastro-tourism, which includes the following phases: analysis and diagnosis of the situation; general strategic planning; operational planning; informing and disseminating the plan. The participants in the gastronomic process are listed, such as gastronomic heritage; gastronomic products, manufacturers and food industry; hospitality sector; specialized trade; campaigns for organizing gastronomic events and for the dissemination of gastronomic culture; areas for gastronomic education; centres for gastronomic research and training.

‘Adjacent to the Live: paratextual augmentation of performance during the pandemic’

The plethora of paratextual materials such as digital programs, recorded interviews with artists and creative teams, behind-the-scenes videos, and curated playlists have been pressed into service to extend the reach of the core business of performance companies. Behind the scenes and ancillary activities have come to the fore, potentially altering the way Genette considered paratexts to work as thresholds to the core. Until the last year or so, paratextual elements such as the aforementioned existed primarily in the service of marketing and promotion. They were not themselves seen as separate or independently monetised ventures. They were tasters of the real thing or treats for loyal followers. Comparatively little attention in this field has been paid to live performances, although these too have similar panoplies of paratexts used to promote the core texts: advertisements, advance publicity and reviews for instance. Our concern here is with the way paratexts were used during the extended COVID lockdowns when live performance venues were closed, particularly instances where the usual relationship between core text and paratext, whereby the latter are shorter pieces supporting or promoting the former, is upset. There was a considerable range of sophistication in the paratexts operating as core texts during the pandemic. Most sophisticated ones, like those from the NT or Pinchgut’s&amp;nbsp;The Loves of Dafne and Apollo&amp;nbsp;did not call on audience members to produce the experience of liveness, even if the NT’s branding persisted. We have concentrated here on&amp;nbsp;Dream&amp;nbsp;because it was such a sophisticated piece with liveness at its very heart.

Working world 4.0: will everything remain different?! "AWA" project examines the changes of digitalization on a company level.

How is digitalization changing our working world? The ifaa - Institute of Applied Industrial Engineering and Ergonomics interviewed 27 experts from different companies about their experience with the introduction of digital technologies in production and production-related areas. In the AWA project, a practice-oriented approach was explicitly chosen, since the desire for insights into the use of digital technologies from companies for companies was the reason for this project. The effects of the introduction on the organization and the employees were surveyed. The evaluation of the examples collected so far revealed above all a reduction in ancillary activities, such as searching for and collecting information or commuting times. This has created more resources for employees to pursue their main activities. However, it should be noted that in most cases the observed changes were of a moderate nature in terms of requirements, competencies, or load levels. More extensive effects tended to be the exception - there are examples here that show both desirable and negative manifestations. The involvement of future users was consistently cited as a key success factor.

Investment activity of enterprises in covid-19 crisis

covid-19 pandemic has brought some changes to the economy that have contributed to a sharp drop in investment. It is established that in the period of high uncertainty caused by the spread of coronavirus, the most important and promising source of recovery and development of enterprises is investment. Issues (problems) of theoretical and practical direction in the development of investment activities of enterprises in various sectors of the economy are considered in this paper particularly, retrospective analysis of investment activities of enterprises in Odessa region. Thus, the decrease in the total value of real investments of enterprises for the three-year period (2018–2020) is determined. The highest demand for investment was observed in such sectors as transport, warehousing, postal and courier activities (20%), industry (19.2%), warehousing and ancillary activities in the transport sector (18.2%). Peculiarities of investment activity of enterprises in crisis conditions are revealed. From the point of view of the global situation, which affects the prospects of investment, there are three main areas: agriculture (consumer products), information and communication technologies and the pharmaceutical industry. The need to plan the activities of enterprises to restore the investment process is revealed. Effective investment promotion requires choosing the right focus of industries. In order to avoid negative trends in investment, it is necessary to find stabilizing factors to increase the level of their volume. In the normal situation, this is primarily the improvement of financial and budgetary policies of the state and regions, the fight against inflation, reforms in the banking system, tax incentives and more. Investments in information and communication technologies and the pharmaceutical industry have been identified as key areas of investment in the near future. Projects in the field of digital technologies will also be the most attractive for investors. The need for state-supported enterprises should also be noted. These measures will make it possible to concentrate the efforts of the state and public-private initiative to overcome the economic consequences of covid-19 pandemic and restore the investment climate in the country and its regions.

ORGANIZATIONAL AND ECONOMIC FUNDAMENTALS OF IMPROVEMENT OF ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURES OF BUSINESS ORGANIZATIONS

The article considers the need of transformations in the management systems of business organizations in modern conditions, which can be described as crisis – forming, as they are formed under the influence of a pandemic. The dynamic environment requires changes in the operation of business organizations due to different changes not only in demand in certain sectors of the economy and social groups (based on declining incomes), but also the impact of inflation in general, energy dependence on foreign sources and individuals, environmental factors, etc. To overcome the crisis, the operation of business organizations that need to change must be managed for their next usage in influencing on certain business elements. This means that the management system of a business organization must be adapted to changing conditions. The most inertial element of the management system of a business organization is the organizational structure of management (OSM). Management systems of business organizations, and especially their OSM, in most Ukrainian organizations do not correspond to their needs. Organizations that were established 30 or more years ago (in Soviet times) have, as a rule, management systems that are more or less correspond to the conditions of a stable environment of the USSR. Newly created business organizations, as research shows, form management systems without taking into consideration the modern theory of organizational development and organizational design practice (which is confirmed by the experience and efficiency of successful enterprises). Detailed analysis and diagnosis of the business organizations should be a prerequisite for their effective transformations. In the activities of Ukrainian business organizations we can observe more or less developed financial analysis based on standardized financial statements. However, it`s still hard to determine the real state of business organizations, because there was a loss of vital areas of economic analysis (use of fixed assets, stocks of various types, economic evaluation of resource markets, pricing options under the influence of individual factors, costs of core and ancillary activities, etc.). There is almost no organizational analysis (OA) and diagnostics as a basis for improving the management system as a whole and OSM as an integral part of it. It is known that the management system is a tool of controlled economic operation. The composition of the management system requires a combination of economic and organizational analysis: the managed system focuses on the evaluation of results on economic analysis, and the manager – on organizational analysis. To determine the synergistic effects of the system, it is necessary to combine these two components, which will serve as a basis for developing strategies for sustainable development of business organizations.

DEVELOPMENT OF INNOVATIVE INFRASTRUCTURE AS A BASIS OF DIVERSIFICATION PROCESSES OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY

Introduction. The subject of research is the analysis of forms and features, advantages and disadvantages of economic structure diversification. The relationship between the choice of models for the diversification of traditional or innovative and the creation of innovative infrastructures of the country. Modern conditions, directions, and problems of the innovation infrastructures development in Ukraine are investigated. The current state of innovative infrastructures park development is analyzed. Measures to improve the efficiency of their operation are proposed. The purpose and objectives of the study are to analyze the relationship between the development of innovation infrastructure and the processes of economic diversification and the identification of problems and ways to improve its efficiency. Method (methodology). The systematic approach, methods of analysis and synthesis are applied; the regulatory framework and reporting data of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were used as an information basis. Results. Recommendations have been developed to ensure favorable conditions for the development and functioning of effective innovation infrastructure. Conclusions. One of the ways to successfully survive in a competitive environment is economic diversification, which forms the country's innovation infrastructure. The creation of innovative infrastructures and their successful development and operation objectively determines the emergence of intensive processes of diversification of the economy of regions and the country as a whole on a qualitatively new basis of innovative high-tech growth, reproduction of various goods and services. These structures give rise to two types of diversification – innovative when the production of innovative goods and services happens, and traditional diversification, which is expressed in a variety of ancillary activities necessary for their proper functioning. To maintain their competitiveness, economic entities must constantly maintain sustainable and efficient forms of economic systems, implement and master the innovations production, modifications, i. e.combine traditional and innovative activities. This is a productive and promising interaction of the processes of traditional and innovative diversification of economic entities in the economic system. However, despite the existence of some elements of the economic diversification system, today, the country lacks a holistic model for the development of effective innovation infrastructure. The existing in Ukraine separate structural elements of the innovation system and the legal field of their functioning are not built into a single innovative economic system, so the results of these elements are isolated and have no synergistic effect. The recommendations provided in the article help to provide favorable conditions for the formation and functioning of the effective innovation infrastructure in Ukraine.

Gastronomic tourism

The article examines the concept and features of gastronomic tourism, its history and its importance in the modern world. It is noted that gastronomic tourism meets all the requirements in the transition from a service economy to an experience economy. The basis of gastronomic tourism is an authentic product identified by territorial characteristics and can attract tourists to the region. The uniqueness of gastro tourism is highlighted as it links such as policy development and integrated planning, product development and packaging, promotion and marketing, distribution and sales, and operations and services in tourism destinations, which are key core activities in the tourism value chain. Ancillary activities related to the gastronomic product include transport and infrastructure, human resource development, technology and systems of other ancillary goods and services, which may not be associated with the leading tourism business but have a significant impact on the value of tourism. The article discusses in detail the strategic plan for the development of gastro-tourism, which includes the following phases: analysis and diagnosis of the situation; general strategic planning; operational planning; informing and disseminating the plan.

Optimization of shift cycles in the South African mining sector

Increased depths of conventional gold and platinum mines, longer travelling times as working places move further from the shaft, and ancillary activities taking place in the mining cycle reduce the useable time spent at the workface. Current shift lengths of 8 hours 20 minutes may no longer be adequate to complete required mining activities.The impact of mineworker commuting times on shift work is also not well understood. The aim of this research was to draft a framework to optimize shift cycles in order to maximize productivity, health, safety, and wellness in the South African mining sector. The framework was informed by a review of the literature, case studies at a local gold mine and platinum mine, and a workshop with industry experts. The findings indicate potential advantages of extended shift lengths and continuous operations, such as improved productivity, asset utilization, and employee morale. However, concerns included fatigue and the associated safety hazards, particularly when working longer shifts, night shifts, and numerous consecutive shifts. Job demands, personal factors, and commuting times are further considerations when scheduling shifts. The ideal shift system for the mining sector should holistically consider and balance operational requirements, health and safety, and employees' and their families' requirements, and suit the unique needs of each operation. Changes in shift cycles will require a structured change management process, which involves all stakeholders, and could help to enhance the viability of the South African mining sector.

Hydrogeochemistry and surface water quality assessment of IB valley coalfield area, India

Coal mining and ancillary activities have the potential to cause water pollution characterized by acid mine drainage, acid mine leachates, extreme pH conditions and heavy metal contaminations. In the present work, 33 water samples in premonsoon and 34 water samples in monsoon were collected from the surface water bodies of Ib Valley coalfield, India for hydrogeochemical analysis. In premonsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Magnesium, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel, Aluminum and in monsoon, pH, TSS, Turbidity, DO, BOD, COD, Iron, Cadmium, Selenium, Nickel and Aluminum were nonconforming to the permissible limit set by the Bureau of Indian Standards, World Health Organisation and Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change, Government of India. The average BOD/COD ratio of less than 0.6 in both seasons indicated Ib valley coalfield water was not fairly biodegradable. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that significant seasonal variation (p < 0.05) was observed in the hydro-chemical parameters viz. TSS, turbidity, redox potential, acidity, total hardness, bicarbonate alkalinity, chloride, sulfate, nitrate, sodium, calcium, magnesium, iron, cadmium, chromium and magnesium during the entire sampling period. Whereas, no significant seasonal variation (p > 0.05) was observed in pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD, residual chlorine, COD, oil and grease, fluoride, potassium, zinc, copper, selenium, nickel, aluminum, boron, silica, temperature, salinity, cyanide and phenol. Water Quality Index revealed that 39.39% and 35.29% samples belong to poor water quality category in premonsoon and monsoon, respectively. As per Heavy Metal Pollution Index, Degree of Contamination (Cd) and Heavy metal evaluation index, medium degree of pollution were exhibited by 51.52%, 30.30% and 45.45% samples in premonsoon and 20.59%, 35.29% and 26.47% samples in monsoon. Whereas, 5.88%, 2.94% and 5.88% samples were having high degree of pollution in monsoon and 15.15% samples caused high degree of pollution with respect to Cd in premonsoon. However, EC, Na%, PI, SAR and RSC values suggested that the water can be used for irrigation. Water type of the region had been found to be Ca–Mg–Cl–SO4 by Piper diagram.

Excess Risk of COVID-19 to University Populations Resulting from In-Person Sporting Events

Background: One of the consequences of COVID-19 has been the cancelation of collegiate sporting events. We explore the impact of sports on COVID-19 transmission on a college campus. Methods: Using a compartmental model representing the university, we model the impact of influxes of 10,000 visitors attending events and ancillary activities (dining out, visiting family, shopping, etc.) on 20,000 students. We vary the extent visitors interact with the campus, the number of infectious visitors, and the extent to which the campus has controlled COVID-19 absent events. We also conduct a global sensitivity analysis. Results: Events caused an increase in the number of cases ranging from a 25% increase when the campus already had an uncontrolled COVID-19 outbreak and visitors had a low prevalence of COVID-19 and mixed lightly with the campus community to an 822% increase where the campus had controlled their COVID-19 outbreak and visitors had both a high prevalence of COVID-19 and mixed heavily with the campus community. The model was insensitive to parameter uncertainty, save for the duration a symptomatic individual was infectious. Conclusion: Sporting events represent a threat to the health of the campus community. This is the case even in circumstances where COVID-19 seems controlled both on-campus and among the general population.

Anthracite as filter Media in Filtration Process

This research was carried out to see the performance of anthracite as filter media in filtration process. The study also aimed to compare two filter media in terms of turbidity it removed, head loss development with time and filter run with increase in influent turbidity. Two rapid gravity filter(RGF) columns were prepared having internal dimensions of 11x11x290 cm3, one with anthracite and another with sand as filter media. The uniformity coefficient of sand and anthracite of 1.54 and 1.4 were maintained from sieve analysis. Constant Filtration rate of 3m/h was set and other ancillary activities were made same for both filter models. The experiments were repeated seven times with different influent turbidity ranges of 0-25, 25-50, 50-100, 100-150, 150-200, 200-250, 250-300 NTU. Both the Filters were back washed with back washing velocity of 24 m/h, when the terminal head loss of 165.4 cm was obtained. The effluent quality of anthracite obtained was better for all the filter run. The head loss development with time was more for sand filter in all filter runs. The filter run time for sand vary from 150 to 8 hours and for anthracite, it varies from 172 to13 hours from first to seventh filter run.