Anchors In Order Research Articles

The anchorage in cramped travel conditions

It is known that the safety of the anchorage is largely determined by the correct choice of the anchorage location, the depth and type of soil, the dimensions of the water area, protection from wind exposure, the presence of currents in the anchorage. Parking on sea raids in terms of the limited water area does not pose any special problems. In river conditions, the raids are located in close proximity to the ship's passage and are limited in width. Therefore, the question of the width of the strip occupied by the anchored vessel is important. Vessels on the river usually stand on the bow anchor against the current, but quite often, with strong crosswinds, it is necessary to give up the stern anchor in order to reduce the width of the lane occupied by the vessel and not interfere with the movement of passing vessels. The paper presents studies of safe conditions for anchoring ships in river conditions with wind in a limited-sized water area at different flow speeds. Calculated dependences are obtained for determining the transverse size of the water area occupied by a vessel standing at the bow anchor, bow and stern anchors with respect to the axis of the ship's course, depending on the speed of the current, wind speeds and direction.

Sheet pile walls as a part of the substructure of bridges. Practical application in Denmark

The usage of “sheet pile wall” is very common solution in Denmark due to the geographic situation of the country – low sea level, a significant part of the state border is sea, high groundwater level, poor geotechnical conditions. The “sheet pile wall” is used for strengthening of embankments, reclaim marine territories and as a supporting walls of railway lines and roads. As a consequence of this, a very common solution is to use the sheet pile walls as a part of the substructure of bridges – overpasses of railway lines and roads when the alignment is in excavation. From one side, the “sheet pile wall” are used as wing walls of the bridge and they support the road embankment. From another side, it is used as an abutment walls of the bridge. The part of the wall acting as a bridge support is design with some concrete “hammer beam”. The “hammer” in some cases is connected to the bridge deck by means of concrete hinges. Very often, “sheet pile wall” in the zone of the wing walls is combined with anchors in order to take increased section forces. Common variants in Denmark practice for connection of the bridge superstructure and sheet pile substructure are presented and analysed in the paper.

The Rise of Virtual Hosts and the Issues Arising from Cross-Cultural Virtual Hosts in Communication

As time goes by and technology continues to advance, more and more virtual hosts are coming to the forefront, and in 2022, Njisanji's Vtuber Vox Akuma made quite a splash with his debut in China. As a result, many people have started to take notice of cross-cultural virtual hosts. These Vtuber usually have fans from several countries, and during the live broadcast one finds that the interaction between anchor and fan is often accompanied by cultural differences, differences in expression habits and differences in thinking. The cultural and linguistic problems are often accompanied by translation errors and lack of clarity. This has led to many problems. To promote positive cultural exchange and an improved online environment, this article discusses some of these issues and proposes some initial solutions to call attention to them and to take steps to reduce their occurrence. To enhance professional skills by strengthening the management of practitioners as well as the training of anchors in order to promote the positive dissemination of culture.

TENSE CONDITION OF DEEP INSERT ROPES

The problem of determining the stress state of deep anchor rope anchors between structural elements is solved in the scientific work. The purpose of this work was to develop a method for determining the stress state of deep anchor rope anchors in order to increase the level of safety of mining operations and maximize the monolithic nature of the rock formation. According to the goal, the main task was to study the relationship between the elements of rope anchors and the nature of the load distribution.
 An analysis of recent work and publications has shown that the use of a single anchor is uneven distribution of load fields, high concentration of stress forces around the perimeter of the structure and the formation of uneven zones of inelastic deformations. However, the stress forces are reduced by using several rope anchors, leaving local perturbations. Attempts to reduce local perturbations on the surface of the tectonic layer of the rock led only to an increase in current.
 The model of interaction of an anchor through a layer of a fixer with an array of rock mass is formed. In the anchor, the cable is much smaller in diameter than the size of the array in the plane it is normal. As a result, the compressive stiffness of the array in the direction of the parallel cable can be assumed to be infinite. The cross section of the anchor cable will be considered round. The cable is located in a cylindrical bore. Assume that their axes coincide. There is a fastener between the array and the cable. Its outer surface is stationary and transmits only tangential stresses. The inner surface of the fastener interacts with the outer surface of the cable without the possibility of their mutual displacement.
 According to this model, our proposed method of determining the stress state allows you to calculate the stress forces and set the allowable characteristics at the stage of manufacture of rope anchors. It is also possible to determine the stress state of the elements of the deep anchor rope anchors, in particular the tangential stresses on the surface of the adhesive bond of the cable and fastener. According to the results, the prospects of the study are analytical calculations of this design and derivation of optimal parameters of rope anchors.

On Local/Global Constructibility for Mobile Robots Using Bounded Range Measurements

We propose a state-constructibility analysis for a nonholonomic vehicle moving across an environment instrumented with fixed-frame range sensors (anchors). We consider a sparse deployment in which anchors are in a small number, and have finite and non-overlapping sensing ranges. Under the most extreme conditions (i.e., the robot being in sight of two anchors at different times), we provide a sufficient condition on the manoeuvres that the robot is required to execute within the range of each of the anchors in order to achieve global constructibility. When the robot travels along straight lines, these conditions are not met, but we can still have “local” constructibility to a degree quantifiable through the smallest eigenvalue of the Constructibility Gramian (CG). Our second contribution is to show how this metric changes according to the geometric parameters of the linear trajectory with respect to the position of the anchors and their sensing range.

Anchor Retouching via Model Interaction for Robust Object Detection in Aerial Images

Object detection has made tremendous strides in computer vision. Small object detection with appearance degradation is a prominent challenge, especially for aerial observations. To collect sufficient positive/negative samples for heuristic training, most object detectors preset region anchors in order to calculate intersection-over-union (IoU) against the ground-truth data. In this case, small objects are frequently abandoned or mislabeled. In this article, we present an effective dynamic enhancement anchor network (DEA-Net) to construct a novel training sample generator. Different from the other state-of-the-art (SOTA) techniques, the proposed network leverages a sample discriminator to realize interactive sample screening between an anchor-based unit and an anchor-free unit to generate eligible samples. Besides, multi-task joint training with a conservative anchor-based inference scheme enhances the performance of the proposed model while reducing computational complexity. The proposed scheme supports both oriented and horizontal object detection tasks. Extensive experiments on two challenging aerial benchmarks (i.e., Dataset of Object deTection in Aerial images (DOTA) and HRSC2016) indicate that our method achieves SOTA performance in accuracy with moderate inference speed and computational overhead for training. On DOTA, our DEA-Net which integrated with the baseline of RoI-transformer surpasses the advanced method by 0.40&#x0025; mean-average-precision (mAP) for oriented object detection with a weaker backbone network (ResNet-101 vs. ResNet-152) and 3.08&#x0025; mAP for horizontal object detection with the same backbone. Besides, our DEA-Net which integrated with the baseline of ReDet achieves the SOTA performance by 80.37&#x0025;. On HRSC2016, it surpasses the previous best model by 1.1&#x0025; using only three horizontal anchors. The source code and the training set are made publicly available at <uri>https://github.com/QxGeng/DEA-Net</uri>.

Experimental pull-out tests and design indications for strength anchors installed in masonry walls

This study deals with the identification of the mechanical behavior of chemical anchors embedded in masonry walls. 108 pull-out tests are carried out in five types of masonry walls built with clay brick or vertically perforated units with cement mortar. Different parameters are taken into account: embedment depths, masonry type, anchor position (injection either in brick units or in mortar joints). The axial load capacity and the failure mode are observed for each test. The results are examined by means of elastic and plastic models assessing the efficiency of anchors installed in headers, stretchers or mortar joints. The anchors injected in mortar joints are shown to have much greater pull-out capacity than that found for anchors in bricks. Passing from 90 to 160 mm of embedment depth, a minimum increase by 40% of pull-out strength is observed. The most common failure modes are the sliding failure, which occurs for short anchors or weak masonry, and mixed sliding/cone failure, for long anchors or strong masonry. An analytical model is proposed to design anchors in order to avoid or at least to limit brittle masonry failures and to identify the field of application of uniform stress models.

Enhancing Dyeability and Antibacterial Feature of Cotton Through Nano-chitosan Attachment

In this study, cotton fabrics were chemically attached with nano-chitosan using cyanuric chloride as an anchor in order to enhance its dyeability towards direct dyes and its bacterial resistance. Low molecular weight chitosans were synthesized by hydrolysing chitosan by nitrous acid. The molecular weight was assessed viscometrically. The particle size of chitosans was reduced by ionic gelation technique, and the sizes were measured using particle size analyser. The nano-sized particles were then attached to cotton which was reacted to cyanuric chloride earlier. FTIR spectra and scanning electron microphotographs of the samples were analysed. The treated and untreated cotton samples were dyed using three direct dyes. The dye absorption of the treated samples in the absence of salt was found to be much higher compared with the untreated samples dyed in the presence of salt and could also improve wash fastness. The treated cotton samples showed improved antimicrobial behaviour as evaluated by agar diffusion method. Attachment of nano-chitosan to cotton did not adversely affect the feel of the fabric as found in case of unmodified cotton.

Health belief model for coronavirus infection risk determinants

ABSTRACTOBJECTIVETo use the advantages of a ratio scale with verbal anchors in order to measure the risk perception in the novel coronavirus infection, which causes covid-19, in a health belief model-based questionnaire, as well as its validity and reproducibility.METHODWe used the health belief model, which explores four dimensions: perceived susceptibility (five questions), perceived severity (five questions), perceived benefits (five questions), and perceived barriers (five questions). Additionally, we included a fifth dimension, called pro-health motivation (four questions). The questions composed an electronic questionnaire disseminated by social networks for an one-week period. Answers were quantitative values of subjective representations, obtained by a psychophysically constructed scale with verbal anchors ratio (CentiMax ® ). Mean time for total filling was 12 minutes (standard deviation = 1.6).RESULTSWe obtained 277 complete responses to the form. One was excluded because it belonged to a participant under 18 years old. Reproducibility measures were significant for 22 of the 24 questions in our questionnaire (Cronbach’s α = 0.883). Convergent validity was attested by Spearman-Brown’s split half reliability coefficient (r = 0.882). Significant differences among groups were more intense in perceived susceptibility and severity dimensions, and less in perceived benefits and barriers.CONCLUSIONOur health belief model-based questionnaire using quantitative measures enabled the confirmation of popular beliefs about covid-19 infection risks. The advantage in our approach lays in the possibility of quickly, directly and quantitatively identifying individual belief profiles for each dimension in the questionnaire, serving as a great ally for communication processes and public health education.

Numerical Modeling of Slope Stability Using Revegetation Technique Combined with Geotextiles and Anchors

In 2014 in Annaba, Algeria, the road CW15 collapsed because of anthropic influence and soil materials. Therefore, the road has been rehabilitated in an expensive way; this work has been inspired by that incident in order to improve it in different ways. This article discusses the study by numerical simulation of schist slope reinforcement using finite element method software PLAXIS 2D specifically designed for soil-structure analysis. Different known reinforcement techniques have been combined in order to stabilize the collapsed slope in an optimum way in order to achieve the highest safety factor. Geotextiles will support the traffic loads and perform the drain of the embankment. Anchors will fix the natural land by maintaining in the stable land. Slope Revegetation using the Carpobrotus invasive plant also known as the “Witch claws” perfect for Mediterranean climate will prevent the slope from waterings while the roots will serve as natural anchors in order to enhance and maintain the road embankment. A parametric study has been settled where anchors holding the natural land inclined to different angles in order to observe the impact on the slope stability thus the safety factor. French plantable retaining wall “Atalus” will hold the road embankment that is vegetated by Carpobrotus. An examination of the sustainability of the road will be made in order to observe how the traffic loads will affect it. In other words, the major goal of this work is to take advantage and manipulate the reinforcement techniques above-mentioned in order to increase economically the slope stability.

Design, construction and performance of single bore multiple anchored diaphragm wall in Turkey

AbstractThis paper presents the design, construction and performance of an anchored diaphragm wall utilizing high capacity Single Bore Multiple Anchor (SBMA) technology which is a proprietary product of Kasktaş in Turkey to support one of the largest and deepest basement excavations in very soft soil conditions of Kağıthane region in İstanbul for the first time. A 60cm thick diaphragm wall, with a total depth of 20m, was designed incorporating one level of temporary ground anchors in order to perform the excavation in dry condition without causing any hazard to surrounding structures and roads, within a heavily urbanized location. Additionally, 7 rows of jet grout columns were executed in order to improve the soil at the toe of the diaphragm wall. Within the scope of the prestigious on‐going Ferko Line Project, a shoring system consisting of 12,500m2 of diaphragm wall, 8,900m of Single Bore Multiple Anchor (SBMA) and 62,400m of jet grout columns and a piled‐raft foundation system consisting of 33,150m of 100cm bored piles socketed into rock by 5 m were completed.

Billiardo: A Novel Virtual Coordinates Routing Protocol Based on Multiple Sinks for Wireless Sensor Network

Geographic routing protocols based on virtual coordinate system are used in wireless sensor networks without GPS assistance or any localization technique. They rely completely on virtual coordinates derived from relative distances or hop counting to a set of anchor nodes in the sensor network. Despite the fact that the recently proposed virtual coordinate protocols have gained advantages as they are GPS free, they suffer from crucial inevitable problems. The reason for such a case lies, in fact, on these protocols which depend widely on the characteristic of "fixed reference points" (called anchors). The worst of these engendered problems is that of the unique reference framework where it is quite difficult to assign the existing nodes a unique identity. This lack of uniqueness cannot guarantee delivery and fails most of the time to forward the packet successfully. Moreover, a question rises here on how to select the anchors in order to use them in the field of work. Therefore; this paper comes to find out another way to solve the above-mentioned problems. The proposed routing protocol "Billiardo" is of greedy type based on virtual coordinates system. Its key idea is to use more than one sink, and all these sinks are used as anchors to allow each sensor to get its virtual coordinates. This protocol depends on hops' count to find the shortest path towards just one selected sink among the other sinks without any complicated formula. Through tested simulation Billiardo proves to be far better and more efficient than the others to avoid all the thwarting problems in forwarding the packet.

Analytical solution for ultimate embedment depth and potential holding capacity of plate anchors

This paper proposes an analytical approach to evaluate the ultimate embedment depth and holding capacity that plate anchors can potentially achieve. Based on a plasticity model for anchor–soil interaction and compatible chain solution, detailed derivations are presented that allow the main dimensionless groups of input parameters to be identified. For typical cases where the weight of the anchor is negligible relative to its holding capacity, explicit expressions are provided in non-dimensional form for ultimate embedment and anchor capacity. A thorough parametric sensitivity study highlights the major factors affecting these quantities. Two practical examples are considered that demonstrate the proposed analytical approach for different types of anchors, in one case revealing significant scope for improved design of plate anchors in order to optimise performance.

Arthroscopic treatment of secondary rotator cuff damage after shoulder hemiarthroplasty (case report)

Anatomical shoulder arthroplasty is an effective treatment for patients with primary deforming arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis and aseptic necrosis of the humeral head. However this kind of surgery is associated with high risk of complications, and within five-year follow-up the incidence of complications increases. The authors described a clinical case illustrating one of these complications - secondary rotator cuff damage after shoulder hemiarthroplasty. The tear was verified using radiological methods and arthroscopy. They performed arthroscopic rotator cuff repair using suture anchors in order to alleviate pain and preserve shoulder functions. If there are no signs of endoprosthetic instability and coracoacromial ligament is preserved, arthroscopic treatment of such damages extends the time of limb function preserving the endoprosthesis. Patients should not raise their arms above the horizontal level.

The semantics of slurs: A refutation of coreferentialism

Coreferentialism refers to the common assumption in the literature that slurs (e.g. faggot) and descriptors (e.g. male homosexual) are coreferential expressions with precisely the same extension. For instance, Vallee (2014) recently writes that “If S is an ethnic slur in language L, then there is a non-derogatory expression G in L such that G and S have the same extension” (p. 79). The non-derogatory expression G is commonly considered the nonpejorative correlate (NPC) of the slur expression S (Hom, 2008) and it is widely thought that every S has a coreferring G that possesses precisely the same extension. Yet here I argue against this widespread assumption by first briefly introducing what slurs are and then considering four sources of supporting evidence showing that slurs and descriptors are in fact not coreferential expressions with precisely the same extension. I argue that since slurs and descriptors differ in their extension they thereby differ in their meaning or content also. This article additionally introduces the notion of a conceptual anchor in order to adequately account for the relationship between slurs and descriptors actually evidenced in the empirical data, and further considers the inadequacy of common dictionary definitions of slurs. This article therefore contributes to the literature on slurs by demonstrating that previous accounts operating on the assumption that slurs and descriptors are coreferential expressions with the same extension, and that they thereby have the same meaning or content, are inconsistent with empirical data and that an alternative account in accord with Croom (2011, 2013a, 2014b) better fits the facts concerning their actual meaning and use.

It Is Worth Its Weight in Gold: The Swiss Franc in the 1930’s

Switzerland is perceived as a unique country. Economic and financial explanations have to be linked to monetary, social and political reasons too. It means that money matters in Switzerland because it is a small, open and multicultural country that needs a strong common anchor in order to exist. This is why we will focus on the key period of the 1930’s when the choice to implement the Gold Stallion was more than a technical and monetary choice: it also played the role of a social and political anchor for the Swiss society as a whole to federate.

Localization Algorithm based on Improved Weighted Centroid in Wireless Sensor Networks

Location technology is becoming more and more important in wireless sensor networks. The weighted centroid localization offers a fast and simple algorithm for the location equipment in wireless sensor networks. The algorithm derives from the centroid measurement and calculation device of the adjacent anchor in the average coordinate. After the analysis of the radio propagation loss model, the most appropriate log-distance distribution model is selected to simulate the signal propagation. Based on the centroid algorithm and the weighted centroid algorithm, this paper proposes an ellipse centroid localization algorithm. This algorithm makes use of ellipse’s characteristic to estimate the unknown node’s coordinate. The main idea of ellipse centroid localization algorithm is the precision control factor that can control the algorithm’s location precision. In ellipse centroid localization algorithm, node is extended as anchor in order to strengthen anchor density’s dynamic characteristic. The simulation result shows the ellipse centroid localization algorithm is more effective than the centroid algorithm and the weighted centroid precision algorithm

Supermodular Game for Power Control in TOA-Based Positioning

In this paper, we address the problem of minimizing the energy cost of positioning nodes in a wireless sensor network, using time of arrival measurements. A sensor needs to receive at least three distance measurements to known anchors in order to position itself. The accuracy of its position estimation depends on the signal to noise ratio of the beacons from the anchor nodes, whose power levels are to be selected according to a two-fold criterion: minimum power level and desired positioning quality for users, determined by the error covariance metric. We derive a solution based on modeling the positioning problem as a non-cooperative game. We show that the resulting game is supermodular and that it possesses a unique Nash equilibrium, which can be quickly reached with best response dynamics. Finally, in the numerical results we find the price of anarchy of our game.

Safety and Efficacy of the Submucosal Tunnel Without Mucosal Closure for the Transgastric Approach in a Porcine Survival Model

Usefulness of submucosal tunneling for transgastric approach with clip closure of the mucosal incision in natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) has been described. Although the narrow longitudinal submucosal tunnel itself is considered good for wound approximation and healing, no reports have evaluated the sealing effect in this technique. This study was aimed at evaluating the technical feasibility of a submucosal tunnel technique for transgastric peritoneal access without mucosal closure. Transgastric peritoneoscopy using submucosal tunneling with endoscopic submucosal dissection without mucosal closure was performed on six 40- to 45-kg female pigs. Measures included (a) evaluation of technical feasibility, (b) clinical monitoring for 7 days, (c) necropsy findings, and (d) pathological examination. NOTES transgastric peritoneoscopy was successfully performed in all pigs, and all recovered well clinically. Necropsy findings revealed no peritonitis, confirming completeness of gastric closure in 5 of the 6 pigs. One pig in which the submucosal layer of the tunnel was injured during dissection from the muscular layer showed local peritonitis. Pathological examination at the submucosal site tunnel showed wound healing with focal transmural fibrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in 5 pigs, whereas the pig with peritonitis had a large mucosal defect with necrotic tissue, abscess formation, and focal transmural fibrosis. The submucosal tunnel technique without mucosal closure is safe and effective for transgastric peritoneal access and subsequent closure, when the endoscopists' learning curve is accomplished and the submucosal tunnel is produced without damaging of mucosa. It is necessary to use devices such as mucosal clips or tissue anchors in order to achieve adequate healing of mucosal defect.

Reference-free time-based localization for an asynchronous target

Low-complexity least-squares (LS) estimators based on time-of-arrival (TOA) or time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements have been developed to locate a target node with the help of anchors (nodes with known positions). They require to select a reference anchor in order to cancel nuisance parameters or relax stringent synchronization requirements. Thus, their localization performance relies heavily on the reference selection. In this article, we propose several reference-free localization estimators based on TOA measurements for a scenario, where anchor nodes are synchronized, and the clock of the target node runs freely. The reference-free LS estimators that are different from the reference-based ones do not suffer from a poor reference selection. Furthermore, we generalize existing reference-based localization estimators using TOA or TDOA measurements, which are scattered over different research areas, and we shed new light on their relations. We justify that the optimal weighting matrix can compensate the influence of the reference selection for reference-based weighted LS (WLS) estimators using TOA measurements, and make all those estimators identical. However, the optimal weighting matrix cannot decouple the reference dependency for reference-based WLS estimators using a nonredundant set of TDOA measurements, but can make the estimators using the same set identical as well. Moreover, the Cramér-Rao bounds are derived as benchmarks. Simulation results corroborate our analysis.