Analytical Terms Research Articles

Racial capitalism and the production of difference in Helsinki and Warsaw

ABSTRACT Drawing on fieldwork among young among post-Soviet migrants in Helsinki (2014–2016) and Warsaw (2020), the article seeks an answer to the following question: what kind of work does racialisation of Eastern European migrant workers accomplish? The paper analyses young post-Soviet migrants’ position within the structures of racial capitalism in Europe, thus, shifting the focus from race as located in the body towards racialised positionings within the hierarchies of labour. I argue that following the analytical terms of racial capitalism and racial triangulation is a helpful way for thinking about the ways subjects racialised as ‘Eastern European’ are brought into the service of the capitalist order as located at a distance from both Blackness and hegemonic whiteness. In this article, I analyse the production and management of racial difference within whiteness and Europe itself for the purposes of economic exploitation. By bringing attention to the ‘peripheralised’ locations of the EU, the article highlights the workings of racialisation in the locations that tend to escape race critical analysis.

Habitação, saúde e meio ambiente em conflito no Distrito Federal: a Vila Santa Luzia em perspectiva

Abstract The article discusses the correlations between housing, environment and health in the Vila Santa Luzia community, Federal District, Brazil. It purports to investigate the perceptions, interpretations and representations of residents and community leaders about such correlations based on health promotion and healthy housing theoretical framework. Data were collected by means of interviews. Results point to a willingness between the parties to reach a satisfactory, reasonable and republican resolution for the conflict in question. In conclusion, the socio-environmental and health experience of Vila Santa Luzia is relevant and significant, both in empirical and analytical (public policies) terms.

The Threat of Commercial Hormone Kits to Endocrinology

Over the last decades, the market for commercial hormone kits has grown considerably. The kits are today used extensively in endocrine research and diagnostics. Unfortunately, a significant fraction of the kits are unreliable in both analytical and diagnostic terms. Consequently, the aim of the present article is to draw critical attention among endocrinologists to the reliability of commercial hormone kits. For that purpose, we have briefly reviewed the kit situation for four different hormones: The brain-gut hormone cholecystokinin (CCK); the antral hormone gastrin; the pancreatic hormone glucagon; and the cardiac natriuretic hormones. We conclude that the situation for the described peptide hormones probably shows only the tip of an iceberg. Therefore, we strongly recommend kit producers examine their products carefully with respect to the new endocrine biology and diagnostic reliability before the kits are marketed. Moreover, we also recommend quality regulation of the kit market in line with the regulations applied to the pharmaceutical drug market.

Exponential convergence of hp FEM for spectral fractional diffusion in polygons

For the spectral fractional diffusion operator of order 2s, s in (0,1), in bounded, curvilinear polygonal domains varOmega subset {{mathbb {R}}}^2 we prove exponential convergence of two classes of hp discretizations under the assumption of analytic data (coefficients and source terms, without any boundary compatibility), in the natural fractional Sobolev norm {mathbb {H}}^s(varOmega ). The first hp discretization is based on writing the solution as a co-normal derivative of a 2+1-dimensional local, linear elliptic boundary value problem, to which an hp-FE discretization is applied. A diagonalization in the extended variable reduces the numerical approximation of the inverse of the spectral fractional diffusion operator to the numerical approximation of a system of local, decoupled, second order reaction-diffusion equations invarOmega . Leveraging results on robust exponential convergence of hp-FEM for second order, linear reaction diffusion boundary value problems in varOmega , exponential convergence rates for solutions uin {mathbb {H}}^s(varOmega ) of mathcal {L}^s u = f follow. Key ingredient in this hp-FEM are boundary fitted meshes with geometric mesh refinement towardspartial varOmega . The second discretization is based on exponentially convergent numerical sinc quadrature approximations of the Balakrishnan integral representation of mathcal {L}^{-s} combined with hp-FE discretizations of a decoupled system of local, linear, singularly perturbed reaction-diffusion equations invarOmega . The present analysis for either approach extends to (polygonal subsets {widetilde{mathcal {M}}} of) analytic, compact 2-manifolds {mathcal {M}}, parametrized by a global, analytic chart chi with polygonal Euclidean parameter domain varOmega subset {{mathbb {R}}}^2. Numerical experiments for model problems in nonconvex polygonal domains and with incompatible data confirm the theoretical results. Exponentially small bounds on Kolmogorov n-widths of solution sets for spectral fractional diffusion in curvilinear polygons and for analytic source terms are deduced.

Reducibility of Self-Adjoint Linear Relations and Application to Generalized Nevanlinna Functions

Necessary and sufficient conditions for reducidibility of a self-adjoint linear relation in a Krein space are given. Then a generalized Nevanlinna function $Q$, represented by a self-adjoint linear relation $A$, is decomposed by means of the reducing subspaces of $A$. The sum of two functions $Q_{i}{\in N}_{\kappa_{i}}\left( \mathcal{H} \right),\thinspace i=1,\thinspace 2$, minimally represented by the triplets $\left( \mathcal{K}_{i},A_{i},\Gamma_{i} \right)$, is also studied. For that purpose, a model $( \tilde{\mathcal{K}},\tilde{A},\tilde{\Gamma } )$ to represent $Q:=Q_{1}+Q_{2}$ in terms of $\left( \mathcal{K}_{i},A_{i},\Gamma_{i} \right)$ is created. By means of that model, necessary and sufficient conditions for $\kappa =\kappa_{1}+\kappa_{2}$ are proven in analytic terms. At the end, it is explained how degenerate Jordan chains of the representing relation $A$ affect reducing subspaces of $A$ and decomposition of the corresponding function $Q$.

Ethnic Groups on the Move: Acculturation Dance Strategies of the Greek Gagauz

The field of this research is the area of Thrace in Greece, in which people from various ethnic groups coexist for almost a century. Most of these ethnic groups moved to the area, after voluntary migrations in 1923. The newcomers were classified as "refugees" and were treated hostilely by the locals. One of these ethnic groups that was treated hostilely was the Gagauz, a Turkish-speaking ethnic group. The aim of this research is to study the acculturation strategies of the Gagauz in their attempt to be accepted in Greek society. This study attempts to investigate the way in which the Gagauz construct and reconstruct their ethnic identity through dance. Data was gathered through the ethnographic method as this is applied to the study of dance. The interpretation of the research data in order to approach the ethnic identity of the Gagauz was based on the theoretical perspective of cultural and social construction or constructivism. This theory, in order to highlight the ethnic identity of the Gagauz, is used under the analytical terms of "acculturation" according to the multicultural model proposed by Berry. From the analysis and interpretation of the ethnographic data, it was found that the construction of the ethnic identity of the Gagauz in Greece is a fluid process, in the reconstruction of which an important factor is the degree of its acculturation. The Gagauz, experiencing a social reality that seeks to have multiple identities at the same time, change the meanings of their actions always in relation to their social environment. Thus, on the one hand, they choose to have a Greek Thracian ethnic identity, on the other Gagauz ethnic identity, and on a third level they self-identify as Greek Gagauz. So, depending on their circumstances and feelings, they choose a different ethnic identity.

In defence of partial faith

AbstractSome people display a general attitude towards God which does not fulfil the criteria of full-blown faith but also does not amount to lack of faith. I argue that in some cases such an attitude, best described as partial faith, is likely to be the all-things-considered best option – even if God exists and the best possible relationship with God is the greatest possible good. This is because, in a universe as religiously ambiguous as ours, some people seem unable to have full-blown faith, and for some others such faith is likely to be possible only at the cost of contradicting some values relevant for the relationship to God. Somehow paradoxically, God-related worries and doubts leading to spiritual struggles and enquiries can improve one's relationship with God, so that, for some people at some times, the advantages of partial faith may override those of full-blown faith. If I am right, it offers some reason to think that partial faith does not deserve the criticism which has traditionally been directed at it. In addition to that, I argue that, independently of the normative assessment, partial faith is a useful descriptive concept, which can throw light on many issues surrounding faith in general and make it easier to describe some themes belonging to continental philosophy of religion in analytic terms.

Sportswashing: Media headline or analytic concept?

Sportswashing is a neologism that has begun to appear with increasing regularity in the English-language media over the past few years. However, there has been limited academic discussion of the term and certainly no sustained analysis of what it might or might not offer to sports scholars. This lacuna is particularly curious given the rapid rise in interest in related issues, such as the links between sport and soft power, sporting mega events and place branding and sports diplomacy. Therefore, this paper has three main objectives. First to trace the links between sport and other forms of ‘washing’ (whitewashing, greenwashing etc) and to identify similarities and differences in these approaches. Second, to situate sportswashing within the wider literature on sports and state relations so as to better assess what, if anything, makes it different from cognate terms, including propaganda, public diplomacy, soft power and place branding. Third, to reflect on the utility of the concept, in both analytical and practical terms, in the contemporary era.

Speeding up temperature-responsive × reversed-phase comprehensive liquid chromatography through the combined exploitation of temperature and flow rate gradients

Comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LC×LC) can provide enhanced resolving power and higher peak capacities for the separation of complex samples. The transfer of fractions of too high eluotropic strength from the first dimension, however, can lead to peak broadening. This process is related to the column dimensions, the flow rates, mobile phase compositions, and stationary phase compatibility. Temperature-responsive LC (TRLC) uses a smart polymer coupled to silica (poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), pNIPAAm), that exhibits a change in polarity upon modest variations in column temperature. Retention is thus modulated by temperature and not by organic solvents, allowing for the use of purely aqueous mobile phases. As these aqueous mobile phases depict a very low eluotropic strength on a reversed-phase column, it facilitates band refocusing at the second-dimension column head in TRLC×RPLC. One of the remaining obstacles of TRLC is the long analysis time. In this research, the potential of this column combination in terms of analyte refocusing will be exploited. First, it is shown that upwards flow gradients can be implemented in the first dimension of TRLC×RPLC. As the flow in the second dimension is maintained at a constant level, a first-dimension flow gradient does not lead to impaired sensitivity and has no negative effects on the resulting peak size. Then, the novel combination of a downwards temperature gradient with an upwards flow gradient will be introduced to speed up the analyses further. Analysis time was, depending on the method used, reduced by 36–54%, as demonstrated by the analysis of mixtures of food additives, phenolic compounds, and small molecule pharmaceuticals mimicking impurity analysis at a 0.05% level.

A Cache of Family Letters and the Historiography of the Holocaust: Interpretive Reflections

ABSTRACT Scholars of the Holocaust have long recognized that ordinary people’s accounts, by definition subjective and individual, can deepen our understanding of the experience and impact of the genocide. The distinctive value of personal letters, however, particularly collections of sustained correspondence among multiple writers, has not yet been fully appreciated or explored in Holocaust historiography. Over the past decade or so, more and more collections of personal correspondence relating to the Holocaust have been unearthed. Their distinctive form and burgeoning numbers stimulate questions about their potential historical significance and how, in both practical and analytical terms, they might most fruitfully be approached. Building on my longstanding work with the family letters of Rudolf Schwab, a German-Jewish refugee who eventually ended up in South Africa, I reflect in this essay on a series of methodological questions surrounding the use of such private collections in Holocaust historiography. How might they differ, as sources, from the many testimonies, diaries, and other ego-documents with which Holocaust historians already work? Are they simply another addition to this already vast archive? To what extent might they enrich, complicate, or even disrupt our prevailing understandings? What new perspectives might they offer scholars about the Holocaust, the experiences of refugees, and beyond?

Persona: How Professional Women in China Negotiate Gender Performance Online

With the shift of social interaction to online venues, do women still conform to existing gender norms? This article examines the online performance of professional women in urban China and their interactions with workplace colleagues on WeChat, a popular Chinese social media app that is an important venue for workplace interaction. As interviews showed, workplace interactions on WeChat perpetuated traditional gender norms of hegemonic masculinity, and professional women accommodated to those existing gender norms by using particular “personas.” Three major personas were identified: one that emphasized professional identity and downplayed gender identity; another that accentuated femininity and downplayed professional identity; and a third that performed femininity to please male workplace supervisors by confirming their masculinity. Persona is used as an analytical term to capture the WeChat activities of these professional women because, compared to online self-presentation, the persona represented a strategic conformity to existing norms and the women distanced themselves from their assumed personas. The use of social media, therefore, reproduced and reinforced conformity to existing gender norms because the online gendered persona constituted a comprehensive and enduring constraint.

Theoretical analysis of the elastic free energy contributions to polymer brushes in poor solvent: A refined mean-field theory.

We consider polymer brushes in poor solvent that are grafted onto planar substrates and onto the internal and external surfaces of a cylinder using molecular dynamics simulation, self-consistent field (SCF), and mean-field theory. We derive a unified expression for the mean field free energy for the three geometrical classes. While for low grafting densities, the effect of chain elasticity can be neglected in poor solvent conditions, it becomes relevant at higher grafting densities and, in particular, for concave geometries. Based on the analysis of the end monomer distribution, we introduce an analytical term that describes the elasticity as a function of grafting density. The accuracy of the model is validated with molecular dynamics simulations as well as SCF computations and shown to yield precise values for the layer thickness over a wide range of system parameters. We further apply this model to analyze the gating behavior of switchable brushes inside nanochannels.

Psychedelic Psychoanalysis: Transformations of the Self

ABSTRACT As the use of psychedelic agents become a part of mental health treatment, psychoanalysts have the challenge of theorizing how they affect the psyche and the relational field, as well as how they might become part of an analytic process. In this paper, I explore three aspects of psychedelic experience and some ways we might start to understand them in analytic terms. I discuss states of consciousness, transformations to psyche-soma, and the relationally mediated nature of transformational experience. I also describe a case in which I used the psychedelic agent ketamine in the context of a long-term psychoanalysis. This case illustrates ways that psychedelic psychoanalysis can be useful in repairing early attachment wounds, facilitate the healing of transgenerational ancestral trauma, as well as intensify and complicate the transference/countertransference matrix.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SYNTHETISM AND ANALYTISM IN MODERN UKRAINIAN LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY

Introduction. The relevance of the proposed article is due to the need for a comprehensive study of the signs of synthetism and analytism in modern Ukrainian literary language, in particular, on the material of linguistic terminology. This will make it possible to clarify the informationon the relation between synthetism and analyticity in the modern Ukrainian language, as well as to clarify the peculiarities of modern Ukrainian terminology, which is constantly searching for the most effective ways of nominating scientific concepts. To find out the relation betweensynthetism and analytism is important not only for the exact typological qualification of the language, but above all for ascertaining the priority trends in its development.The purpose. The paper aims at the studying of the correlation between synthetism and analytism in modern Ukrainian linguistic terminology.Methods. The investigation is grounded on the observation method and descriptive method, structural method (for the analysis of the structure of terms) and the method of functional analysis (to determine the functional advantages of the terms).Results. The article proves the productivity of analytical linguistic terms, since they reveal a number of advantages, in particular a high degree of semantic accuracy of the nomination of the scientific concept; motivation; less probability of polysemy development, which is not desirable for terminology; a high level of semantic connections that promote hierarchy and systematization of terminology.Despite the dominance of analytical terms in contemporary Ukrainian linguistic discourse, a tendency towards their synthetizing is revealed, which is manifested in the emergence of one-word correspondences, terms-composites and abbreviations. The paper proves: synthetizing of terms-phrases are promoted by the communicative needs of speech dynamics, as well as the fact that it corresponds to the dominant synthetic models of Ukrainian word-formation.Conclusion. The author emphasizes that neither synthetizing nor analytizing is a purely positive or purely negative trend. Analytical terms provide semantic transparency, clarity, academic presentation, synthetic – contribute to the dynamics of communication. The choice of a synthetic or analytical model of a term in linguistic discourse depends on the pragmatic intentions of the speaker, his stylistic preference.The paper suggests practical recommendations to avoid as excessive analytical cumbersome term construction, as well as ambiguous synthetic terms.

The transcription activator AtxA from Bacillus anthracis was employed for developing a tight-control, high-level, modulable and stationary-phase-specific transcription activity in Escherichia coli.

The strong transcriptional activity of the virulent gene pagA in Bacillus anthracis has been proven to be anthrax toxin activator (AtxA)-regulated. However, the obscure pagA transcription mechanism hinders practical applications of this strong promoter. In this study, a 509-bp DNA fragment [termed 509sequence, (−508)-(+1) relative to the P2 transcription start site] was cloned upstream of rbs-GFPuv as pTOL02B to elucidate the AtxA-regulated transcription. The 509sequence was dissected into the −10 sequence, −35 sequence, ATrich tract, SLI/SLII and upstream site. In conjunction with the heterologous co-expression of AtxA (under the control of the T7 promoter), the −10 sequence (TATACT) was sufficient for the AtxA-regulated transcription. Integration of pTOL02F + pTOLAtxA as pTOL03F showed that the AtxA-regulated transcription exhibited a strong specific fluorescence intensity/common analytical chemistry term (OD600) of 40 597 ± 446 and an induction/repression ratio of 122. An improved induction/repression ratio of 276 was achieved by cultivating Escherichia coli/pTOL03F in M9 minimal medium. The newly developed promoter system termed PAtxA consists of AtxA, the −10 sequence and Escherichia RNA polymerase. These three elements synergistically and cooperatively formed a previously undiscovered transcription system, which exhibited a tight-control, high-level, modulable and stationary-phase-specific transcription. The PAtxA was used for phaCAB expression for the stationary-phase polyhydroxybutyrate production, and the results showed that a PHB yield, content and titer of 0.20 ± 0.27 g/g-glucose, 68 ± 11% and 1.5 ± 0.4 g/l can be obtained. The positive inducible PAtxA, in contrast to negative inducible, should be a useful tool to diversify the gene information flow in synthetic biology. Graphical

On the origins and evolution of qualia: An experience-space perspective.

This paper elaborates on a proposal for mapping a configuration space for selector circuits (SCs), defined as the subset of neural correlates of consciousness (NCCs) responsible for evoking particular qualia, to its experiential counterpart, experience-space (E-space), as part of an investigation into the nature of conscious experience as it first emerged in evolution. The dimensionality of E-space, meaning the degrees of freedom required to specify the properties of related sets of qualia, is at least two, but the utility of E-space as a hypothetical construct is much enhanced by assuming it is a large dimensional space, with at least several times as many dimensions as there are categories of qualia to occupy them. Phenomenal consciousness can then be represented as having originated as one or more multidimensional ur-experiences that combined multiple forms of experience together. Taking this as a starting point, questions concerning evolutionary sequence can be addressed, including how the quale best suited to a given sensory modality would have been extracted by evolution from a larger set of possibilities, a process referred to here as dimensional sorting, and how phenomenal consciousness would have been experienced in its earliest manifestations. There is a further question as to whether the E-space formulation is meaningful in analytical terms or simply a descriptive device in graphical form, but in either case it provides a more systematic way of thinking about early stages in the evolution of consciousness than relying on narrative and conjecture alone.

The pulse-elevator: A pump for granular materials

Granular materials include fuels, foods, feedstocks, and raw materials, and they are frequently created in drilling, exploration, and comminution. However, despite this ubiquity, they can be much more difficult to transport than other materials. Screw conveyors can be used, as can bailing, gas-blowing, and vibro-conveyors, but all have issues related to some combination of complexity, inclination, differential friction, and torque reaction. We propose an entirely new concept: a combination of the vibro-conveyor and the Tesla valve. This ‘pulse-elevator’ is a single piece of inert material, it can operate vertically, it does not depend upon frictional interactions, and it is effectively torqueless. This paper describes the mechanism in analytical, numerical, and experimental terms, and then illustrates two successful experimental use cases: powder uplift from a hopper, and the replacement of augering in a rock-drilling application. These cases are particularly relevant for the facilitation of ISRU and subsurface exploration in space.

An alternative Coulomb correction method for numerical study on spiderlike photoelectron momentum distributions

We formulate an analytically-corrected semiclassical rescattering model (AC-SRM) by including analytical correction terms of Coulomb interaction into the standard SRM theory. By using the simple but effective AC-SRM, we perform extensive numerical simulation of the spiderlike photoelectron momentum distributions (PMDs) of hydrogen atom ionized by intense laser pulse. It is shown that the spiderlike structure in the PMDs manifests a systematic shift along the transverse momentum direction upon considering the Coulomb action. This shift is deciphered with a phase map scheme and trajectory analysis, with the former being particularly powerful for the most important first interference minimum of the spiderlike feature. The simulation reveals that the proposed AC-SRM is physically transparent and its computational implementation is economical. In addition, we propose a physical picture of the Coulomb action as a phase increment of the initial longitudinal momentum of the ionized electron.

45 YEARS OF DELIBERATIONS ON THE THERMO-MECHANICAL INTERPRETATION OF FRICTION AND WEAR PART I – THE MACROSCOPIC INTERPRETATION OF THE TRIBOLOGICAL PROCESS

This first part will consider the friction couple or its part, identified with the open thermodynamic system. Dependences among extensive parameters and energetic interactions in the system and its boundaries with the environment are described in analytical terms. The dimensions of the energy dissipation zone, where the friction of solids takes place, are established. The thermo-mechanical nature of the tribological process is demonstrated. The wear conditions and distribution of energy generated by its particular elements are determined. A new quantity is introduced – the specific work of wear, which characterises the wear resistance of the tribological system and its parts. The effect of the reciprocal cover of solids’ friction surfaces on the energy balance structure in calorimetric testing is analysed. The concept of generalised wear is introduced and standardised. The discussion is restricted to processes at the macroscopic level of matter organisation.

한국의 실질금리 기간구조와 실질 기간 프리미엄

This study estimates the real term structure and real term premium of Korea. To do this, we construct an analytical real term structure and real term premium from a macro-finance affine term structure models with two macro variables. The macro factors include industrial production growth rate and inflation rate from January 2001 to August 2021. Our estimation results are based on Bayesian MCMC algorithm. We show that the real yield is downward trend after financial crisis. Compared to the nominal yield, it also exhibits relatively high persistent, less fluctuation and more stable. On the other hand, the real term premium is similar to the nominal term premium, since the inflation risk premium hardly different from zero on average. This result seems to be due to the fact that Korea inflation has maintained stable after adopting inflation targeting as a monetary policy.