Analytical Schemes Research Articles

An Overview of the Mechanical Behavior of Nanocomposites Considering the Interphase

ABSTRACTOver the past decade, nanocomposites with polymer matrices have garnered significant attention for their ability to enhance properties with minimal inclusion volume, thanks to nanoscale reinforcement. The key factor distinguishing them from microcomposites is the interphase, an area of interaction where matrix properties are influenced by the reinforcement. This induces a dependence on particle size that sets nanocomposites apart. Observation of the interphase is achieved through experimental methods like atomic force microscopy (AFM) and numerical approaches such as molecular dynamics (MD) modeling. Indirect determination involves the comparison of experimental results with predictive models, which may be numerical or analytical homogenization schemes. The widely used double inclusion scheme focuses on nanocomposites, but for a comprehensive mechanical behavior prediction, elastic behavior alone is not sufficient. Factors in the matrix (plasticity, viscosity, temperature) and morphology (dispersion, surface treatment, bonding) must be considered. This review explores various methods in the literature that address these aspects.

Soliton solutions of cubic quintic septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation with conformable derivative by two distinct algorithms

This paper investigates the cubic-quintic-septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation with a conformable derivative, which governs the evolution of light beams in a weak nonlocal medium. The analysis utilizes the Kudryashov method and the enhanced modified tanh expansion method. By utilizing these analytical integration schemes, various optical wave solutions are derived within the present conformable model. The paper demonstrates the significance of these optical soliton solutions by illustrating different soliton solutions, including kink-type, bell-shaped, singular, dark, and wave soliton solutions, depicted via contour, three-dimensional, and two-dimensional representations. Moreover, it is crucial to emphasize the importance of analyzing the cubic-quintic-septimal nonlinear Schrödinger wave equation, which finds utility across a spectrum of fields including optics, quantum mechanics, and the study of nonlinear wave propagation. Moving forward, these approaches hold promise for investigating diverse sets of differential equations within multiple domains of applied sciences. This governing equation also has numerous applications in nonlinear optics, such as describing the propagation of laser beams through materials with nonlinear optical properties. The inclusion of these nonlinearities illustrates the interaction and behavior of light beams in weakly non-local media.

The Non-Centrosymmetric Borate Hydride Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5.

Sr4Ba3(BO3)3.83H2.5, as the second compound to combine borate and hydride ions, has been synthesized by a mechanochemical synthesis route. The structure has been elucidated by synchrotron X-ray and neutron diffraction and determined to crystallize in the non-centrosymmetric space group P63mc (186) with the cell parameters a=10.87762(15) Å and c=6.98061(11) Å. A detailed investigation of the compound by vibrational spectroscopy in combination with Density Functional Theory calculations reveals the disordered nature of the structure and proves the presence of both borate and hydride ions. Electronic band structure calculations predict a large band gap of 7.1 eV. Hydride states are predicted at the topmost valence band, which agrees well with earlier reported heteroanionic hydrides. We hereby were able to successfully apply previously synthetic and analytical schemes to introduce another member of the rare compounds that contain complex oxoanions simultaneously with hydride ions.

Investigation of Space-Time Dynamics of Akbota Equation using Sardar Sub-Equation and Khater Methods: Unveiling Bifurcation and Chaotic Structure

This paper focuses on obtaining exact solutions of nonlinear Akbota equation through the application of the modified Khater method and Sardar sub-equation method. Renowned as one of the latest and precise analytical schemes for nonlinear evolution equations, this method has proven its efficacy by generating diverse solutions for the model under consideration. The equation is crucial in the study of optical solitons, which are stable pulses of light that maintain their shape over long distances. The Akbota equation helps in understanding the behavior and stability of these solitons. The governing equation undergoes transformation into an ordinary differential equation through a well-suited wave transformation. This analytical simplification paves the way for the derivation of trigonometric, hyperbolic, and rational solutions through the proposed methods. To illuminate the physical behavior of the model, the study presents graphical plots of the selected solutions of Khater and Sardar sub-equation method. This visual representation, achieved by selecting appropriate values for arbitrary parameters, enhances the understanding of the system’s dynamics. All calculations in this study are meticulously conducted using the Mathematica and Maple software, ensuring accuracy and reliability in the analysis of the obtained solution. Furthermore we investigate the sensitivity analysis of the dynamical system.

Robust and efficient implementation of finite strain generalized continuum models for material failure: Analytical, numerical, and automatic differentiation with hyper-dual numbers

Generalized continuum models for representing nonlinear material behavior including material failure in the finite strain regime are commonly formulated based on scalar elastic and dissipation potential functions. The evolution of stresses and internal variables, i.e., the material state, is governed by partial derivatives of the potential functions with respect to deformation and stress measures. Furthermore, for application of such models in implicit nonlinear finite element analysis tangent operators, consistent with the numerical integration algorithm, are required. In this work, we study analytical, numerical and automatic differentiation schemes for the implementation of coupled, generalized continuum models considering finite inelastic deformations and fracture. This includes the application of finite difference approximations, complex-step derivative approximations and automatic differentiation based on hyper-dual numbers. For the use of automatic differentiation, a semi-analytical split approach is introduced for increasing the computational efficiency. Based on a comprehensive 2D and 3D finite element study, we demonstrate the superior properties of automatic differentiation compared to numerical differentiation methods with regards to accuracy and robustness. Furthermore, the additional computational cost for automatic differentiation using the proposed split approach becomes negligible for large problems.

Procedures from samples to sulfur isotopic data: A review.

Sulfur isotopes have been widely used to solve some key scientific questions, especially in the last two decades with advanced instruments and analytical schemes. Different sulfur speciation and multiple isotopes analyzed in laboratories worldwide and in situ microanalysis have also been reported in many articles. However, methods of sampling to measurements are multifarious, and occasionally some inaccuracies are present in published papers. Vague methods may mislead newcomers to the field, puzzle readers, or lead to incorrect data-based correlations. We have reviewed multiple methods on sulfur isotopic analyses from the perspectives of sampling, laboratory work, and instrumental analysis in order to help reduce operational inhomogeneity and ensure the fidelity of sulfur isotopic data. We do not deem our proposed solutions as the ultimate standard methods but as a lead-in to the overall introduction and summary of the current methods used. It has been shown that external contamination and transformation of different sulfur species should be avoided during the sampling, pretreatment, storage, and chemical treatment processes. Conversion rates and sulfur isotopic fractionations during sulfur extraction, purification, and conversion processes must be verified by researchers using standard or known samples. The unification of absence of isotopic fractionation is needed during all steps, and long-term monitoring of standard samples is recommended. This review compiles more details on different methods in sampling, laboratory operation, and measurement of sulfur isotopes, which is beneficial for researchers' better practice in laboratories. Microanalyses and molecular studies are the frontier techniques that compare the bulk sample with the elemental analysis/continuous flow-gas source stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry method, but the latter is widely used. The development of sulfur isotopic measurements will lead to the innovation in scientific issues with sulfur proxies.

Knowledge and associated factors with respect to prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome among surgical unit nurses; a multi-center cross-sectional study

BackgroundDelayed recognition of compartment syndrome can result in devastating consequences such as the need for amputation or even death. Nurses are at the frontline of patient care and they must have a high index of suspicion for compartment syndrome. Even though nurses’ knowledge about the prevention of compartment syndrome is important, there are no studies in Ethiopia. Therefore this study aims to assess the knowledge and associated factors of nurses towards the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome.MethodAn institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 410 nurses from 26 April to 25 May 2023 at five Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. A stratified sampling technique was employed to recruit the required participants for the study. The data were collected using a structured self-administered questionnaire. The descriptive statistics were presented in text and tables. Analytical analysis schemes including bivariable and multivariable logistic regression were computed considering P-value < 0.05 to identify statistically significant factors.ResultNearly three- fifths (61.6%; 95% CI: 56.7 to 66.3) of nurses had adequate knowledge and significantly associated with being male (AOR: 1.615, 95% CI: 1.050–2.485), nurse use of guidelines (AOR: 2.079, 95% CI: 1.307–3.307), nurses they have been trained (AOR = 1.650; 95 CI: 1.063–2.562), and nurses’ who had more than 15 years’ (AOR: 4.207, 95 CI: 1.762–10.045) experience had good knowledge with respect to prevention of compartment syndrome than the counterparts.ConclusionEven though nurses’ knowledge regarding the prevention of post-traumatic compartment syndrome was found to be good, Diligent nursing assessment and monitoring of clinical signs should be critically performed. So, it is better to strengthen training, equip wards with standardized guidelines, and create a safe working environment should be routine activities.

Innovative triangular plate elements for enhanced plate bending analyses

The performance of triangular elements satisfying either compatibility or incompatibility conditions in the plate bending analyses is of great importance. To achieve highly accurate responses, four elements are formulated for the structural analysis in this study. All of these elements have thirteen nodes with different degree-of-freedom arrangements. Two of them are displacement-based compatible triangular elements, which are named Karimi Pour Compatible Triangular (KCT) and Noroozinejad Compatible Triangular (NCT) elements. Besides, the other two stress-based incompatible triangular elements are also suggested with the names of Karimi Pour Incompatible Triangular (KIT) and Noroozinejad Incompatible Triangular (NIT) elements. In this study, several benchmark problems are solved by using four proposed elements. These structures were previously analyzed by analytical or numerical schemes. Findings clearly indicated the improvement of answers, when various behaviors of the plate bending structures were studied. Additionally, it is concluded that the solution time is considerably declined if the recommended stress-based elements are utilized.

Evidence-based evaluation of the analytical schemes in ASTM E2329-17 Standard Practice for Identification of Seized Drugs for methamphetamine samples

This study involved 71 forensic seized drug laboratories analyzing 65 total samples; 17 were ground-truth positive (i.e., they contained methamphetamine or cocaine); 48 were ground-truth negative (i.e., they did not contain methamphetamine or cocaine). The positive samples were prepared at several target-analyte concentrations and combined with common cutting agents. The negative samples were designed to be challenging and prepared to contain positional isomers of methamphetamine. Participants were sent two different sample sets. In the first, they were directed to only use a single, pre-selected analytical technique. In the second, they were directed to use a pre-selected analytical scheme consisting of multiple techniques in compliance with ASTM E2329-17. The results of the study showed good accuracy; sensitivity was 1.000 for all analytical schemes with 1-specificity (the false-positive rate) ranging from 0.000 to 0.250 when ASTM E2329-17 compliant analytical schemes were used. When only a single technique was used, accuracy was generally not as good; sensitivity ranged from 1.000 to 0.091, and 1-specificity ranged from 0.000 to 0.245.

Behavior of analytical schemes with non-paraxial pulse propagation to the cubic–quintic nonlinear Helmholtz equation

In this paper, the cubic–quintic nonlinear Helmholtz equation which enables a pulse propagates in a planar waveguide with Kerr-like and quintic nonlinearities is studied. By noticing that the system is a non-integrable one, we could to get the diverse of solitary wave solutions by using standard tan(ϕ/2)-expansion technique and the exp(−Ω(η))-Expansion scheme. In particular, four forms of function solution including soliton, bright soliton, singular soliton, periodic wave solutions are investigated. To achieve this, an illustrative example of the Helmholtz equation is provided to demonstrate the feasibility and reliability of the procedure used in this study. The effect of the free parameters on the behavior of acquired figures to some solutions of two nonlinear exact cases was also analyzed due to the nature of nonlinearities. The dynamic properties of the obtained results are shown and analyzed by some density, two and three-dimensional images. We believe that our results will be a way for future research generating optical memories based on the non-paraxial solitons.

Learning Modalities and Styles of SPED Students and Interns: An Assessment During the COVID-19 Pandemic

This study used descriptive research design to assess the relationship of the learning modalities and learning styles of SPED students and student interns during the COVID-19 Pandemic. The instrument was adopted by O’Brien (1985). The data was interpreted using descriptive and relational analytical schemes to analyze the result. The following statistical tools were used to treat data: percentage, weighted mean, and relationship strength. The 281 respondents answered the questionnaire through Google Forms. The study showed a strong relationship between the following variables: (a) students’ visual learning modality and visual learning style (rs = 0.873); (b) students’ auditory learning modality and auditory learning style (rs = 0.526); and (c) students’ kinesthetic learning modality and learning style (rs = 0.737). This signifies that students with a more visual learning style utilize visual learning modalities. It also signifies that students were more exposed to auditory learning styles performed in class using the auditory learning modality. Furthermore, students with a kinesthetic learning style tend to utilize the kinesthetic learning modality more. CTE special and inclusive SPED students of NORSU-Guihulngan Campus are adopting learning modalities suitable for their needs during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Furthermore, there are special conditions that need to be emphasized so that they can achieve academic success in this new normal set-up. The university must establish a learning environment where they are provided with adequate resources, including audio-visual materials. Blended learning must be continuously adopted. However, it should be flexible enough to cater to the various needs of the SPED students while considering their learning styles.

Analytical Schemes of Early Film Studies

Analytical Schemes of Early Film Studies

Petrovsky Agricultural Fair in the Years of the New Economic Policy (Based on the Materials of the State Archive of the Perm Region)

Introduction. Since 1921, the country has been going through a period of economic experiments, a period of aggravation of the political struggle over the further development of Russia. This stage has gone down in history under the abbreviation NEP – New Economic Policy. The new economic policy has had a great impact on the daily, private lives of people, until recently insufficiently studied. The NEP period causes controversy among modern researchers of the Soviet Union, as well as disagreements in their assessment. The relevance of the topic of NEP is explained by the socio-economic and political changes that have occurred in Russian society in recent years, the transition to market relations. The experience of the “mixed economy” of the 1920s seems to have great practical significance for modern economic and political development. As such, this period was not marked by a holistic policy. There have been certain steps towards the recognition of various forms of ownership, the legalization of private entrepreneurship, and at the same time, a retreat to the position of strict state regulation, an economic dictate bordering on extortion. The purpose of the article is to consider the process of creation and functioning of fair trade in Perm during the NEP years, to analyze the impact of this practice on the daily life of citizens. Materials and Methods. The study is based on a structured approach that considers the Soviet economy as a set of complexly organized enclaves. The modular approach can be described as a transition from a general analytical scheme to a set of derived analytical schemes or blocks of a lower degree of generality. A characteristic feature of the NEP – diversity – is an attribute property of the Russian economy, as a result, its study is an urgent task today. The term “way of life” is considered as a scientific category and its potential in the study of the economy of the transition period, including the NEP period. The “scale of patterns” formed by modern economists allows us to study in more detail the problems of the NEP, including the mechanism of functioning of the patterns that unite the most economically active segments of the population. Results. The first, most significant feature of the Petrovsky Fair, as well as all fairs of the present moment, is the composition of firms and organizations that traded at the fair, which immediately changed in comparison with the pre-war time. The main figures and participants of both fairs in Perm turned out to be, due to the current economic situation, state trade enterprises. In second place in terms of turnover is cooperative trade. The size of private capital at the Petrovsky Fair was insignificant. Nevertheless, the unfolding fair trade of both fairs showed the economic power of state and cooperative trade and had a very significant impact on wholesale fair transactions during the Petrovsky Fair. Concluding the review of the results of the Petrovsky Fair, based on the available digital information and conclusions from them, it can be noted with confidence and satisfaction that the experience of the Petrovsky Fair, as the most important factor in the rapprochement of the city with the countryside and the restoration of the national economy, was successful, brought a significant revival of trade turnover and especially the resumption of lost ties and strengthening them. Discussion and Conclusion. The proposed provisions and conclusions create prerequisites for further study of trade as a factor in stabilizing the social and political situation in the country.

Services, Quality of Life And Satisfaction of Senior Citizens in Bacolod City

The main purpose of this study was to come up with a general description and relationship among the extent of services, quality of life and satisfaction of senior citizens in Bacolod city. The areas of services include; health social access to public transport, utility discount and mandatory Philhealth coverage. Areas in the quality of life includes; health status, financial security, organizational affiliation, household relations and access to senior citizens’ benefits. Areas on satisfaction includes; appreciation of good health, social support, emotional security, contentment and leisure and activity. The study employed the descriptive, comparative and relational analytical schemes in coming up with a general description, comparison and relationship among the selected variables. The mean, t-test and Pearson Product Moment of Correlation formula was used. Findings of the duty revealed that senior citizens were adequately provided with all these services particularly on health, social public transport, utility discount and mandatory Philhealth services. They are experiencing quality living with regards ti their relationship in their household and access to Philhealth benefits. However, findings showed that they are not adequately contented with regards to health condition and financial security. They were having high level of satisfaction on the aspect of social support, emotional security, and leisure activities. Moreover, study showed that there was significant relationship between services and quality of life of senior citizens. Likewise, a significant relationship between the services and satisfaction of senior citizens and a significant relationship between the satisfaction and quality of life of senior citizens has existed. The study concluded that on services, although the extent was not at its highest degree of contentment to the services but senior citizens were contented of all the services provided to them. On quality of life, senior citizens were not fully contented and happy about the quality of life they were experiencing to note that a moderate extent on contentment was perceived by the senior citizens. On satisfaction, senior citizens degree of satisfaction was high considering that majority of life satisfaction was perceived by them to be high particularly in social, emotional, leisure and contentment. It was concluded further that senior citizens were not fully satisfied or contented about their health condition. The study highly recommends that medical programs/project shall provide greater emphasis on the following; married, low income, rural areas, male, without college degree senior citizens. Social services programs/project shall provide greater emphasis on the following; married, low income, rural areas, without college degree. Access to public transport programs/project shall provide greater emphasis on the following; married, low income. Utility discount programs/project shall provide greater emphasis on the following; married, without college degree, low income and leisure activity with greater emphasis on married, without college degree and low income senior citizens

Exact Solutions of M-Fractional Kuralay Equation via Three Analytical Schemes

This article concerns new analytical wave solutions of the Kuralay-II equations (K-IIAE and K-IIBE) with exploration of a new definition of the derivative. This model is used in various fields, like nonlinear optics, ferromagnetic materials and optical fibers. For this purpose, the expa function, the extended sinh-Gordon equation expansion scheme, and the generalized Kudryashov schemes were utilized. The resulting solutions are dark, bright, dark-bright, periodic, singular and other kinds of solitons. These results are obtained and also verified by the Mathematica tool. Some of the solutions are explained with 2-D, 3-D and contour plots using the Mathematica tool. The solutions obtained succede the present solutions in the literature. For the first time, the effect of the fractional derivative on the solutions is also shown graphically for this model. The analytical wave solutions are highly desirable as they offer insights into the underlying physics or mathematics of a system and provide a framework for further analysis. The results obtained can also be fruitful for the development of models in the future. The schemes used in this research are effective, easy to apply, and reliably handle other fractional non-linear partial differential equations.

Challenges and potentials of evaluating platform work against established job-quality measures

Working conditions in platform work are often, yet rarely explicitly, assessed according to criteria similar to those applied to the quality of jobs outside the gig economy. In this article the authors argue that future research would benefit from analytical schemes that enable a systematic analysis of working conditions in platform work. They discuss the advantages and challenges of applying existing job-quality frameworks to platform work and present a suggestion for modifications that consider the particularities of platform work. The use of such a novel analytical framework could help systematise evidence from qualitative research, promote the heretofore rare initiatives of quantitative representative data collection, and inspire theoretical developments at the interface of job quality and platform work.

On the estimation of landslide intensity, hazard and density via data-driven models

Maps that attempt to predict landslide occurrences have essentially stayed the same since 1972. In fact, most of the geo-scientific efforts have been dedicated to improve the landslide prediction ability with models that have largely increased their complexity but still have addressed the same binary classification task. In other words, even though the tools have certainly changed and improved in 50 years, the geomorphological community addressed and still mostly addresses landslide prediction via data-driven solutions by estimating whether a given slope is potentially stable or unstable. This concept corresponds to the landslide susceptibility, a paradigm that neglects how many landslides may trigger within a given slope, how large these landslides may be and what proportion of the given slope they may disrupt. The landslide intensity concept summarized how threatening a landslide or a population of landslide in a study area may be. Recently, landslide intensity has been spatially modeled as a function of how many landslides may occur per mapping unit, something, which has later been shown to closely correlate to the planimetric extent of landslides per mapping unit. In this work, we take this observation a step further, as we use the relation between landslide count and planimetric extent to generate maps that predict the aggregated size of landslides per slope, and the proportion of the slope they may affect. Our findings suggest that it may be time for the geoscientific community as a whole, to expand the research efforts beyond the use of susceptibility assessment, in favor of more informative analytical schemes. In fact, our results show that landslide susceptibility can be also reliably estimated (AUC of 0.92 and 0.91 for the goodness-of-fit and prediction skill, respectively) as part of a Log-Gaussian Cox Process model, from which the intensity expressed as count per unit (Pearson correlation coefficient of 0.91 and 0.90 for the goodness-of-fit and prediction skill, respectively) can also be derived and then converted into how large a landslide or several coalescing ones may become, once they trigger and propagate downhill. This chain of landslide intensity, hazard and density may lead to substantially improve decision-making processes related to landslide risk.

Wave propagation and evolution in a (1+1)-dimensional spatial-temporal domain: A comprehensive study

In this investigation, we utilize two recent analytical schemes to unveil novel solitary wave solutions for the [Formula: see text]-dimensional Mikhailov–Novikov–Wang integrable equation. The said equation serves as a mathematical model that captures specific physical phenomena, albeit lacking a direct physical interpretation. Nevertheless, it finds relevance in various systems within the realm of nonlinear waves in physics. Through the application of the aforementioned analytical schemes, we derive fresh solutions and evaluate their accuracy by employing the variational iteration method. The congruence observed between the analytical and numerical solutions of the investigated model serves as validation for the constructed solutions. Furthermore, we delve into exploring the implications of obtaining precise and ground breaking solitary wave solutions on the practical applications associated with the studied model.

Optical soliton and other solutions to the nonlinear dynamical system via two efficient analytical mathematical schemes

Optical soliton and other solutions to the nonlinear dynamical system via two efficient analytical mathematical schemes

Historical evolution of the traditional canon of architectural proportions "The square root of three seconds" in the planning of Chinese cities

The article examines and analyzes architectural proportions in the modern urban planning and architecture of China. The concept of the proportion "The root of three seconds" (√3/2) is outlined, the use of proportionation techniques in urban planning is illustrated with examples, and the evolution of the proportions and their applications in the modern architecture of China are briefly described. Using the planning structures of several Chinese cities and fragments of open spaces in these cities as an example, graphical analytical schemes of the geometry of proportions are derived.