Analytical Principles Research Articles

НАУКОВО-МЕТОДОЛОГІЧНІ ПРИНЦИПИ СИСТЕМНОЇ АНАЛІТИКИ В УПРАВЛІННІ ВИЩОЮ ОСВІТОЮ

The article discusses the scientific and methodological principles of systems analytics to improve the management of higher education and determine the mutual influence between statistical data analysis and the systematic approach, based on the research of scientific and educational activities of higher education institutions. The object of research is the information processes in management. The purpose of this work is to determine the mutual influence between the system approach and its scientific and methodological principle of statistical data analysis in the study of information and analytical processes in education management. The scientific method of inquiry is a systematic analysis of information processes in management. Systems analysis has substantiated a problem-solving approach with a joint study of properties systems with element properties and vice versa. The system analysis of information processes in management based on the scientific and methodological principle of data mining offers a qualitatively new way in the implementation of the main functions and tasks of the system approach in determining the impact on the management of higher education (as a whole) and on the indicators of scientific and educational activities of universities (as a subsystem, elements). KEYWORDS: PRINCIPLE, SYSTEM, SYSTEM ELEMENT, INFORMATION PROCESSES, STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF DATA, DATA SCIENCE, BIG DATA, CORRELATION, DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS.

Interactive Teaching Concept for a Data Analytics Workshop in Learning Factories

Learning factories allow for hands-on teaching of theoretical concepts in a simulated business environment. There, the opportunities provided by digital assistance with work-flows and the high value of acquired process data are already an integral part of the offered courses, mostly as theoretical input. To improve the learning experience of participants taught at learning factories, an interactive teaching concept for digital topics is developed. Based on existing methodologies for developing teaching concepts in learning factories, a workshop on data analytics is presented. To provide an immersive learning experience, a workshop setting is selected that builds upon previously experienced workshops of the participants at the LEAD Factory. Simulated data is created, which complements the chosen setting and gives valuable insights when applying the taught data analytics techniques in practice. Finally, the participants are tasked to answer domain specific questions using the provided data by applying the taught techniques. The workshop has already been tested with international mechanical engineering students having little to no previous experience with data analytics, but some education in statistics, probability theory and linear algebra. Based on an evaluation after the workshop, the participants expressed the feeling that they were able to understand the basic principles of data analytics and the underlying process and know of common challenges in the field because of the practical application of the techniques directly after the theoretical input, thus leveraging the unique learning environment which learning factories provide.

ECO-FRIENDLY MULTIVARIANT GREEN ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUE FOR THE ESTIMATION OF KETOCONAZOLE BY UV SPECTROSCOPY IN BULK AND CREAM FORMULATION

The pharmaceutical industries are focusing on Green Analytical Chemistry principles like miniaturization, eco-friendly solvent usage, waste recycling, and analyst safety for sustainable results. A simple, eco-friendly sensitive and effective extraction and multivariant green analytical method to estimate ketoconazole in bulk and cream formulation were developed and validated according to International Council for Harmonisation (ICH) guidelines. Based on the multivariant analytical technique, the developed method built in linear regression equations between concentration and absorbance with seven different wavelengths. The validation results represent the method has linear at a concentration of 12.8-19.2 μg mL-1 with calculated Limit of Detection (LOD) and Limit of Quantification (LOQ) of 0.338 and 1.026 μg mL-1, respectively. The method results representing a precise accuracy, inter-day, and intraday precision in all the wavelengths with percentage Relative Standard Deviation (RSD) under the limits as less than 2. Also, the method was tested with two different marketed ketoconazole cream formulations with a satisfactory result. The results of the proposed method replicated the novelty in classic approaches and proved statistically. This method was confirmed as greenest than previous methods reported by using assessing tools like National Environmental Method Index (NEMI), Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI), Analytical eco-scale, and Analytical Greenness (AGREE) metrics. As a result, the proposed approach could widely utilize for an efficient green analytical methodology for the estimation of ketoconazole.

The Analytical Approaches and Principles Used for the Purchases of Light Weight and Passenger Vehicles in a Saturated Market

This paper addresses the analytical questions surrounding the index of customers satisfaction level, and their differentiation into unit clusters in the light weight and passenger vehicles market.

Linguistic and Literary Origins of Critical Discourse Analysis

The main objective of this paper is to explore the linguistic and literary origins of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The paper starts with defining the discipline in relation to its main principles and objectives as model of analysis, and then it moves to shed light on the linguistic and literary origins of CDA, by focusing on four approaches: critical linguistics (CL) and linguistic criticism (LC) on the linguistic level; and the deconstruction theory and the reception theory, on the literary level. One main research questions is presented in this study: to what extent does CDA derive its analytical and theoretical principles from the traditional linguistic models and literary theories? Findings reveal that CDA is dated back to both linguistic and literary theories, which in turn influences its theoretical and analytical framework to the extent that it is perceived as a deconstructive, reader-oriented approach of analyzing language that tends to end the sanctity of texts.

Environmental benign analytical quality by design and UPLC method development for Betamethasone and Calcipotriene in ointment

The present study aimed to estimate Betamethasone and Calcipotriene in bulk and ointment formulation using a validated UPLC method by applying analytical quality design with green analytical chemistry principles. The optimal method resulted with Dikma Endeversil C18 ODS (2.1 × 50 mm, 1.8 µm) column at a UV detection of 254 nm encompassed ethanol and potassium dihydrogen phosphate (3.0 pH) buffer 51:49 (v/v), with a flow rate of 0.31 mL/min. The detector response was linear at 125–750 and 12.5–75 µg/mL for Betamethasone and Calcipotriene with a detection limit and quantification of 12.484, 37.831 and 3.229, 9.785 µg/mL, respectively. The % recovery was found to be within limits of less than 1.5%. Overall, the AQbD based developed method was greener and confirmed by the greenness evaluation tools. Hence, the optimized technique is environment friendly, simple, robust for the concurrent assessment of Betamethasone and Calcipotriene in bulk and ointment formulation.

Lipid Metabolism and Lipidomics Applications in Cancer Research.

Lipids are the critical components of cellular and plasma membrane, which constitute an impermeable barrier of cellular compartments, and play important roles on numerous cellular processes including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and signaling. Alterations in lipid metabolism have been implicated in the development and progression of cancers. However, unlike other biomolecules, the diversity in the structures and characteristics of lipid species results in the limited understanding of their metabolic alterations in cancers. Lipidomics is an emerging discipline that studies lipids in a large scale based on analytical chemistry principles and technological tools. Multidimensional mass spectrometry-based shotgun lipidomics (MDMS-SL) uses direct infusion to avoid difficulties from alterations in concentration, chromatographic anomalies, and ion-pairing alterations to improve resolution and achieve rapid and accurate qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this chapter, lipids and lipid metabolism relevant to cancer research are introduced, followed by a brief description of MDMS-SL and other shotgun lipidomics techniques and some applications for cancer research.

ФАРФОР ЖУ ЯО И ПРИНЦИПЫ МИНИМАЛИЗМА: К ПРОБЛЕМЕ ЧУВСТВА ФОРМЫ

The comparison of various artistic phenomena, which are separated geographically and chronologically, is a complicated analytical precedent. The matching requires stable criteria, and a distance (spatial, temporal, cultural or artistic) makes the difficulties to the formulation of analytical principles. Different historical epochs form their own independent systems, which do not always imply the possibility of the direct comparison. At the same time, such juxtaposition gives possibility to identify common pictorial and ideological principles of artistic structures, which don’t have the strict identical forms. The comparison of separated artistic phenomena allows to determine the common platform of culture and to discover the integral principle of various artistic systems. This article is devoted to the comparing of two independent art systems. The Chinese Ru ware pottery of the Song dynasty and the international minimalism of the 1960s and 1980s are distanced one from another both territorially and chronologically. At the same time, they are close artistic systems, where the unifying factor is the idea and the sense of form. Within the framework of the article, the very possibility of comparing different artistic systems is considered. The text examines the possible criteria of such comparison. It raises the questions on the principles of the artistic relations. The starting point of the work is the specification of the basic characteristics for the Ru ware pottery and the determination of the basic principles of international minimalism of the 1960s and 1980s. The article examines the specific features and peculiarities of Ru ware pottery, which, despite its popularity, is not enough studied in the Russian analytical space. Besides, the text indicates the specific features of European and American minimalism. This direction also presents material for systematic study. One of the main tasks for this work is the presentation of key parameters related to the form elements of Ru ware pottery and the description of conceptual components related to the international minimalism. Comparing these two systems, authors refer to the basic categories of European theory of art, which appearance is associated with the names of Wilhelm Vorringer and Henry Welflin. The main criteria that allows to compare these artistic trends is «the sense of form» - the concept that was determined in German art-theory in the first half of the XXth century. The use of this categories and the discovery of the concept of the sense of form, allows to show a parallel between the principles of Ru ware pottery and the system of international minimalism of the second half of the XXth century.

Defensive Compressive Time Delay Estimation Using Information Bottleneck

Time delay estimation (TDE) is of great importance in reconnaissance and passive localization. Though TDE could leverage compressive sensing (CS) kernel to enjoy the advantage of sub-Nyquist samples, the estimation accuracy and robustness are inclined to be reduced by jamming or noise. To address the issue, this letter proposes a scheme of defensive compressive time delay estimation (DCTDE) with a novel sensing kernel optimization method and a defense augmentation strategy for the kernel. Inspired by the information bottleneck (IB) theory, we deduce a new analytic principle to enhance the estimation capability of the kernel, which focuses on the fidelity to the non-compressive scheme and the relevant information provided for TDE task.The strategy adopts an adversarial idea for the anti-spoofing design of kernel. Via simulations, the proposed scheme shows promising estimation accuracy, robustness, and high adaptability in both Gaussian noise and jamming environments, and more competitiveness than the Nyquist scheme.

Self-powered liquid chemical sensors based on solid-liquid contact electrification.

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) have attracted many research endeavors as self-powered sensors for force, velocity, and gas detection based on solid-solid or solid-air interactions. Recently, triboelectrification at liquid-solid interfaces also showed intriguing capability in converting physical contacts into electricity. Here, we report a self-powered triboelectric sensor for liquid chemical sensing based on liquid-solid electrification. As a liquid droplet passed across the tribo-negative sensor surface, the induced surface charge balanced with the electrical double layer charge in the liquid droplet. The competition between the double layer charge and surface charge generated characteristic positive and negative voltage spikes, which may serve as a "binary feature" to identify the chemical compound. The sensor showed distinct sensitivity to three amino acids including glycine, lysine and phenylalanine as a function of their concentration. The versatile sensing ability was further demonstrated on several other inorganic and organic chemical compounds dissolved in DI water. This work demonstrated a promising sensing application based on the triboelectrification principle for biofluid sensor development.

Analytical Methods for Determination of Phytic Acid and Other Inositol Phosphates: A Review.

From the early precipitation-based techniques, introduced more than a century ago, to the latest development of enzymatic bio- and nano-sensor applications, the analysis of phytic acid and/or other inositol phosphates has never been a straightforward analytical task. Due to the biomedical importance, such as antinutritional, antioxidant and anticancer effects, several types of methodologies were investigated over the years to develop a reliable determination of these intriguing analytes in many types of biological samples; from various foodstuffs to living cell organisms. The main aim of the present work was to critically overview the development of the most relevant analytical principles, separation and detection methods that have been applied in order to overcome the difficulties with specific chemical properties of inositol phosphates, their interferences, absence of characteristic signal (e.g., absorbance), and strong binding interactions with (multivalent) metals and other biological molecules present in the sample matrix. A systematical and chronological review of the applied methodology and the detection system is given, ranging from the very beginnings of the classical gravimetric and titrimetric analysis, through the potentiometric titrations, chromatographic and electrophoretic separation techniques, to the use of spectroscopic methods and of the recently reported fluorescence and voltammetric bio- and nano-sensors.

Greenness of magnetic nanomaterials in miniaturized extraction techniques: A review

Green analytical chemistry principles should be followed, as much as possible, and particularly during the development of analytical sample preparation methods. In the past few years, outstanding materials such as ionic liquids, metal-organic frameworks, carbonaceous materials, molecularly imprinted materials, and many others, have been introduced in a wide variety of miniaturized techniques in order to reduce the amount of solvents and sorbents required during the analytical sample preparation step while pursuing more efficient extraction methods. Among them, magnetic nanomaterials (MNMs) have gained special attention due to their versatile properties. Mainly, their ability to be separated from the sample matrix using an external magnetic field (thus enormously simplifying the entire process) and their easy combination with other materials, which implies the inclusion of a countless number of different functionalities, highly specific in some cases. Therefore, MNMs can be used as sorbents or as magnetic support for other materials which do not have magnetic properties, the latter permiting their combination with novel materials. The greenness of these magnetic sorbents in miniaturized extractions techniques is generally demonstrated in terms of their ease of separation and amount of sorbent required, while the nature of the material itself is left unnoticed. However, the synthesis of MNMs is not always as green as their applications, and the resulting MNMs are not always as safe as desired. Is the analytical sample preparation field ready for using green magnetic nanomaterials? This review offers an overview, from a green analytical chemistry perspective, of the current state of the use of MNMs as sorbents in microextraction strategies, their preparation, and the analytical performance offered, together with a critical discussion on where efforts should go.

Elements in Assessing the Architectural Characteristics of Heritage Buildings

Architectural characteristics are one of the crucial aspects of identifying the heritage buildings and carrying its values of significance. It plays an essential role in guiding critical players of the heritage buildings to maintain their buildings. This paper reviews the elements that had been considered by researchers in assessing the architectural characteristics of the heritage buildings on the selected case study to quantify their criteria using the Analytical Hierarchy Principles (AHP) techniques. The result indicates overall visual aspects, and optical character at the close range of the heritage buildings is essential in assessing architectural characteristics of heritage buildings. Keywords: Architectural characteristics; Architectural elements; Heritage buildings. eISSN: 2398-4287© 2020. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA cE-Bsby e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK. This is an open access article under the CC BYNC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21834/ebpj.v5iSI3.2577

Serum albumin measurement in nephrology: room for improvement

Serum albumin is a widely used biomarker in clinical nephrology. Serum albumin cut-off values are used to define disease, to predict outcome and to guide patient care. The available commercial assays to measure serum albumin rely on different analytical principles, all with their own (analytical) specifications. This article provides an overview of the different clinical applications of serum albumin measurements in nephrology, the (dis)advantages of the available assays and the estimates of the effects of the measurement uncertainty between different assays in clinical decision making. This article concludes that harmonization of serum albumin assay results is needed.

Membrane-Based Portable Colorimetric Gaseous Chlorine Sensing Probe.

Highly toxic chlorine gas imposes serious health risks in the workplace. The ability to on-site, real-time monitoring of instantaneous and time-weighted average (TWA) chlorine gas concentrations in a simple, sensitive, accurate, and reliable manner would be highly beneficial to improve workplace health and safety. Here, we propose and experimentally validate a gaseous chlorine detection principle based on a N,N-diethyl-p-phenylenediamine sulfate salt/Cl2 colorimetric reaction-controlled membrane process to regulate the gaseous chlorine transport across a gas-permeable membrane that enables the establishment of a time-resolved analytical relationship to quantify chlorine concentration by multidata points with dramatically enhanced accuracy and reliability. A gas-permeable membrane-based portable colorimetric gaseous chlorine sensing probe (MCSP) was designed and fabricated. The MCSP embedded the proposed analytical principle that is capable of real-time continuous monitoring of the instantaneous and TWA chlorine gas concentrations within an analytical range of 0.009-2.058 mg L-1 without the need for on-going calibration, which could be a useful analytical tool for managing the toxic chlorine gas-imposed health risks in workplaces.

A quantitative analysis of the interplay of environment, neighborhood, and cell state in 3D spheroids

Cells react to their microenvironment by integrating external stimuli into phenotypic decisions via an intracellular signaling network. To analyze the interplay of environment, local neighborhood, and internal cell state effects on phenotypic variability, we developed an experimental approach that enables multiplexed mass cytometric imaging analysis of up to 240 pooled spheroid microtissues. We quantified the contributions of environment, neighborhood, and intracellular state to marker variability in single cells of the spheroids. A linear model explained on average more than half of the variability of 34 markers across four cell lines and six growth conditions. The contributions of cell‐intrinsic and environmental factors to marker variability are hierarchically interdependent, a finding that we propose has general implications for systems‐level studies of single‐cell phenotypic variability. By the overexpression of 51 signaling protein constructs in subsets of cells, we also identified proteins that have cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic effects. Our study deconvolves factors influencing cellular phenotype in a 3D tissue and provides a scalable experimental system, analytical principles, and rich multiplexed imaging datasets for future studies.

Acumulação fictícia, especulação e instabilidade financeira (Parte II: uma reflexão sobre a financeirização a partir da literatura contemporânea

Resumo O objetivo deste texto é o de analisar interpretações contemporâneas sobre a financeirização visando construir uma abordagem particular sobre o tema, dando continuidade ao texto anterior Carneiro (2019), no qual se discutiu o assunto a partir da concepção de autores clássicos. A reflexão sobre a literatura contemporânea adotará como paradigma os princípios teóricos propostos por Marx, Keynes e Minsky aos quais se associam os conceitos de acumulação fictícia, especulação e instabilidade financeira. Com esta perspectiva, pretende-se não só estabelecer uma continuidade entre o ensaio anterior e o atual, mas também, examinar a literatura à luz de um ponto de vista teórico definido, objetivando construir alguns princípios analíticos para compreender a financeirização contemporânea. A abordagem considerará os elementos mais gerais característicos desta etapa, como a acumulação fictícia ou especulativa, como eles se manifestam no plano dos agentes econômicos - intermediários financeiros, empresas e famílias - e como estes últimos reforçam as características gerais desta fase do desenvolvimento capitalista.

A fractal concentrator of direct and indirect sunlight

Abstract A novel concept for concentrating both direct and indirect sunlight employing a combination of waveguiding and refractive optics is presented. More specifically, it is based on both the individual and the collective focusing effects of an array of refractive optical elements of specific geometry. An analytical framework and design principles regarding the geometry of the optical elements taking into account Fresnel reflection and refraction are presented. The principle of operation along with loss mechanisms and acceptance angles are discussed in detail. Ray-tracing simulations of a light concentrator designed accordingly indicate transmittance >90% with acceptance angles of ≤65° at 3 suns for moderate refractive indices. It is further numerically demonstrated that the new approach allows the utilization of the dominant fraction of the solar radiation by harvesting the waste heat in addition to photovoltaic conversion with an operating energy efficiency for diffuse light >70%.

Tool‘s profiling for rotational volumetric deformation-analytical study

The paper develops in an analytical form an algorithm for the profiling of the active elements of the upper half-die forming which generates by means of plastic rotary volumetric deformation of the frontal teeth. The half die has the revolving axis inclined with respect to the axis of the deformed blank, which rotates around its own axis of symmetry. In the generation process, the generating half die also performs a movement of the blank. The constitutive surfaces of the tooth flanks to be generated are complex surfaces, formed of circular arcs with variable radius and disposed on a conical base surface, on the same axis with the half-die axis. Such teeth are used for front blades in the textile industry or drilling machines which performs, besides the rotational movement of the tool and an alternate rectilinear motion thereof, creating a percussion effect on the work piece. The surfaces of the upper half and the half die teeth may be regarded as reciprocal wrapping surfaces, so that the entire generation process is based on the analytical principles of surface winding. Starting from the constructive shape of the frontal tooth plate, in a classical scheme of the structure of the oscillating motion mechanism of the upper half matrix, the shape of the deformation teeth is determined based on a specific algorithm, based on the general theory of surface winding, and dedicated software products for it.

A green and sustainable method for monitoring the chemical composition of soybean: an alternative for quality control.

Soybean is one of the most important crops in the world, an important source of isoflavones, and used to treat various chronic diseases. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), associated with multivariate experiments and green solvents, is increasingly used to develop comprehensive elution methods for quality control of plants and derivatives. The work aims to establish a HPLC fingerprinting method for soybean seeds employing Green Chemistry Principles, a sustainable solvent with low toxicity, and a comprehensive experimental design that reduces the number of experiments. The fingerprinting method was optimised through Design of Experiments by evaluating seven chromatographic variables: initial percentage of ethanol (X1), final percentage of ethanol (X2), temperature (X3), percentage of acetic acid in water (X4), flow rate (X5), run time (X6), and stationary phase (X7). The dependent variable was the number of peaks (n). An initial factorial design for screening purposes indicated that the most significant quantitative parameters to separate soybean metabolites were X1 and X3. The conditions were optimised by a Doehlert design, to obtain a HPLC-PAD (photodiode array detector) fingerprinting of the polar extract of soybean seeds with the markers identified by liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). The optimum fingerprinting method was determined as 5-55% of ethanol in 30 min, at 35°C, and flow rate of 1 mL/min, by employing a phenyl-hexyl column (150 mm × 4.6 mm). The developed green method enabled markers of soybean to be separated and identified and could be an eco-friendlier alternative for soybean quality control that covered seven Green Analytical Chemistry Principles.