Analytical Design Approach Research Articles

FAMILY ROLES AND BLOOD GLUCOSE MANAGEMENT IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS AT BANDAR LAMPUNG, INDONESIA

Background: Diabetes Mellitus ranks 8th out of 10 major diseases in Lampung province with a prevalence of 0.4%. Based on Rikesdas Lampung Province results in 2013 it is known that DM pavelence reaches 0.7% with pravelensi in Bandar Lampung reaches 0.8% and for Public Health Services (Puskesmas) Panjang in 2017 cases of DM was found as much as 2145.Purpose: Knowing that the relation family roles and blood glucose management in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Bandar Lampung, IndonesiaMethods: This was quantitative research type with analytical survey design and cross sectional approach. Population in this research were all patient of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) Type 2 in April 2018, at Puskesmas Panjang Bandar Lampung and the samples were 79 respondents given of questioner. The statistical test used is Chi Square test.Results: The frequency distribution of respondents aged between 60-69 years 54 (68.4%) respondents, female of 54 (68.4%) respondents, primary elementary education (45.6%) respondents, Duration of DM ≥ 5 years of 42 (53.2%) respondents, uncontrol blood sugar as many as 53 respondents (67.1%), poor family roles as many as 42 (53.2%) respondents, with p-value 0,000.Conclusion: There the relation of family roles and blood glucose management in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus at Bandar Lampung, IndonesiaSuggestions: The management of Public Health Centre (Puskesmas) to give counseling to the family about the importance of family roles and blood glucose management in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

An Analytical Approach for Piled-Raft Foundation Design Based on Equivalent Pier and Raft Analyses by Using 2D Finite Element Method

The piled-raft foundation systems have started to be a very popular design method that is commonly used for especially high-rise buildings. In this foundation system, both raft and piles share the applied loads coming from the supper structures. There are several methods proposed by researchers in order to solve piled-raft foundation problems by simplified methods, approximate methods, and more sophisticated computer-based methods. These sophisticated computer-based solutions are not simply adapted to geotechnical works, and accessing these programs by everyone is not easy. The main purpose of this study is to present an easy and new technique for solving piled-raft problems with using 2D-FEM analysis combined with equivalent pier. In this study, design concepts of a pile-raft system prepared by 2D-FEM analysis combined with equivalent pier were presented. Furthermore, the test results obtained from this method were compared with the results that were taken from equivalent raft method and equivalent pier with single pile response in a sandy soil. A generic example of a piled-raft system including 3 × 3 number piles was designed, and its some properties such as length of pile (10–28 m), pier-soil stiffness ratio (1000–5000), and spacing between the piles (2–4 m) were evaluated and compared as variables. It was concluded from this study that equivalent pier with 2D-FEM analysis can make very similar predictions for calculating settlements of piled-raft system regarding on equivalent pier with single pile response method. As a result of this study: (1) as aspect ratio of piled-raft system increases, raft to pile stiffness ratio gradually increases for all s/d ratios, (2) the efficiency exponents obtained from this study ranges between 0.46 and 0.58 values, (3) stiffness of the piled-raft system gradually increases with increase of slenderness ratio for both two equivalent pier methods, and (4) as slenderness ratio increases, stiffness ratio of the piled-raft system contrarily decreases.

Flexible pavement design for hot climates – a case study

This paper discusses the application of best practice and lessons learnt in pavement design for hot climates through the presentation of a case study from a large highway project in the State of Qatar. The environmental conditions experienced in hot climates pose several challenges for engineers when designing a pavement capable of surviving its anticipated service life. The predominant challenge is developing realistic predictions of asphalt modulus as an input into analytical pavement design. There is also a challenge in ensuring that inputs into empirical designs reflect the local environment and the properties of materials used. This paper discusses how international design practice, knowledge and research of pavement materials were translated into design and, subsequently, construction. The process of developing and selecting design inputs for empirical and analytical design approaches is discussed. The paper also highlights the best practices associated with the design of pavements with a cement-stabilised base.

Geometric imperfection and lower-bound analysis of spherical shells under external pressure

For the design of thin-walled spherical shells under external pressure empirical knockdown factors are applied. These knockdown factors are based on experimental results from the beginning of the 20th century and have been shown to be very conservative for modern shell structures.In order to determine less conservative and physically based knockdown factors for the design of spherical shells, different analytical and numerical design approaches have been developed. In this paper common as well as new shell design approaches are presented in detail and evaluated regarding the lower-bound buckling pressure. Among these design approaches are the reduced stiffness method, measured geometric imperfections and perturbation approaches.Important analysis and modeling details of each design approach are described, and test examples are given and validated. Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are listed, and design recommendations are given.Practical shell buckling design examples are demonstrated by means of a tori-spherical bulkhead and a deep-sea spherical pressure hull.In addition, a collection of about 700 experimental knockdown factors for spherical shells under external pressure is given in the Elsevier repository.

A Numerical–Analytical Approach for the Preliminary Design of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shell Structures with Elliptical Cut-Outs

The presence of cut-outs within thin-walled shell structures is unavoidable, holes being needed for the passage of electrical cables, fuel, or just to reduce the weight of the components. Nevertheless, the high stress concentration can lead to a premature collapse of the structure. For this reason, the preliminary design of cylindrical shell structures with holes needs a profound knowledge of the stress distribution for different loading conditions and constraints. In this paper, a parametric study of a fiber-reinforced composite shell cylinder with an elliptical cut-out has been performed. Three different loading conditions were analyzed: Tension, bending, and torsion. Ansys® script, capable of easily generating and analyzing different geometrical configurations, was used to study the dependence of the geometry on the stress distribution near the cut-out. Finally, graphical and analytical relationships were tentatively extrapolated from numerical results, aimed at linking the geometrical parameters of the cut-out to the maximum stress near the cut-out.

TIME LEARNING MANAGEMENT NURSING STUDENTS USING TIME MANAGEMENT QUESTIONNAIRE (TMQ) IN IMPLEMENTING PROBLEM BASED LEARNING (PBL) METHODS

Background: The paradigm shift of learning method centered on the students has been applied to several universities, one of them by using Problem Based Learning (PBL) method. The importance of good time management will produce readiness to face the PBL process because in the PBL process using self directed learning where a student is required to be able to manage the time independently. The purpose of this study is to know the time management of nursing students by using Time Management Questionnaire (TMQ) in implementing Problem Based Learning (PBL) method in STIKes Dharma Husada Bandung.Method : The type of research is quantitative with the model of analytic design and cross sectional approach. The sample of research is student of class of 2014 and 2015 of Nursing Study Program of 169 students. The research instrument with Time Management Questionnare (TMQ) developed by Briton & Tesser (1991) has been tested its validity and reliability with Alpha Cronbach 0,800 by Allay & Kocak (2002). The questionnaire consists of short-term planning, attitude toward time and long-term planning.Result : Most respondents have good time management that is 53.3%. For short-term planning most have good time management of 58.6% with the highest mean of 4.25 on "Put the priority first" points, the attitude towards time mostly has good time management of 61.5% with the highest mean of 4.10 at the point of "responsible for time for yourself", and long-term planning mostly has a good time management of 50.9% with the highest mean of 3.64 on points "if having a job, preferring installments in the task".Conclusion: There needs to be a re-review of the implementation of PBL method, especially on the weighting of self or group tasks so that students can make long-term planning that can review the learning process.

A new SMA mix design approach for optimisation of stone-on-stone effect

Traditionally Stone Mastic Asphalt (SMA) is empirically designed, which could not guaranty an adequate stone-on-stone effect. To overcome this drawback, a research study was carried out having in view to develop a new SMA mix design approach for the optimisation of the stone-on-stone effect, based on new findings. To this end, the study included not only the evaluation of volumetric characteristics of SMA test specimens, but also the characteristics of coarse aggregates (CA) test specimens, prepared using different aggregate compaction methods: (i) bulk particles’ specimens (compaction not applied), (ii) dry-rodded compaction, (iii) Proctor compaction and (iv) steel roller compaction. Bituminous mixtures’ specimens were prepared by impact compaction using the Marshall compactor. In this context, the following test specimens’ characteristics were assessed: air void content of compacted coarse aggregates (VCA), void in the coarse aggregate of compacted SMA (VCAMIX), air void content (porosity, Vv), voids filled with bituminous binder (VFB) and workability of nine different SMA. Results showed that pre-established grading envelopes did not allow the design or optimisation of the stone-on-stone effect. On the other hand, the new analytical mix design approach, complemented by the coarse aggregate Proctor compaction (55 blows per each layer, in a total of 5 equal layers), provides an alternative to current SMA mix design methods, since it: (i) is easy and cheap to perform, (ii) is time less consuming, and (iii) allows to obtain an air void and particle breakage more similar to the field.

HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PERSEPSI PRIADENGANPEMAKAIAN KONDOM DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS RIMBO DATA TAHUN 2018

A condom is a sheath made of latex due to the penis in an erection or vaginal state that acts as a protector to prevent cement or pre-ejaculatory fluid at the time of the penis in the vagina. Male participation in Family Planning program is quite low. This resulted in men's participation using condom contraception also reduced. The purpose of this study was to determine the Relationship of Knowledge and Perception of Men with Condom Use in the working area of Rimbo Health Center. This research is a type of quantitative research with descriptive analytic design and cross sectional approach done in January 2018. Sampling technique is purposive sampling with total sample as much 80 people. Data were analyzed univariat and bivariate with computer using chi square statistic test . The results were obtained from 80 samples, based on this univariate analysis ( 46,2 %) had low knowledge, 53,8% had negative perception, and most (63,8%) did not use condom contraception. Based on bivariate analysis, there is a significant relationship between male knowledge with condom use and p value = 0,000 <0,05. Men's perception with condom usage states that there is a significant correlation between perception with condom use and p value = 0,000 <0,05. It is expected that the results of this study can increase knowledge and perception of the community through counseling, especially about condom contraception. Based on the results of this study can be concluded that there is a relationship Knowledge and Perception of Men with Condom Use in the work area Rimbo Data Puskesmas .

Aerostatic bearings design and analysis with the application to precision engineering: State-of-the-art and future perspectives

Abstract Aerostatic bearings have been employed as an essential precision engineering element and enabling technology in numerous applications requiring precision and ultraprecision motions. This review paper aims at presenting the state-of-the-art in aerostatic bearings research and development with the emphasis on analytical and computational approaches for design and optimization of bearing performance, and further critically reviewing their future research directions and development trends in the coming decade and beyond. The paper is concluded with the discussion on the future trends and challenges in the aerostatic bearings research, and their applications and potential in precision engineering industries.

Analytical and Numerical Approaches for Design of Stone Pavers in Urban Shared Areas

Existing statistical data show that the use of pedestrian block pavements is increasing. This paper compares two approaches used to analyse a block pavement in an urban shared area. In presence of occasional heavy traffic roads, the pavement should be verified using methods currently used for road pavements. The analytical theory of Westergaard and the commercial finite element (FE) software Abaqus® were used to calculate the response of the pavement when subjected to different loading, and geometrical configurations. In all the examined cases, the results obtained from the analytical theory of Westergaard were higher than those obtained from the adopted static FEMs. Therefore, a parametric study was performed in order to use the analytical method as an alternative to the costly FEM approach introducing a Dynamic Amplification Factor (DAF). The results of comparison gave interesting results, valid for hexagonal pavers: it is possible to estimate analytically with good approximation the stresses induced by heavy loads applied to natural stone blocks. This is an interesting result since the analytical theory provides an inexpensive procedure for the analysis of modular pavements.

DESAIN RUMAH BUDAYA PASAR GEDHE HARDJONAGORO SEBAGAI DESTINASI PARIWISATA KOTA SOLO

This article is the research result of Interior Design Pasar Gedhe Hardjonagoro: Tourism Destination that Represents Cultural House in Solo City. This research is about an effort in rehabilitation program to maintain cultural heritage building that function as Traditional Market with the best featured products. The zoning and grouping are not well planned that it causes problems to the hierarchy of space. The circulation provides less accessibility for visitors, traders, distribution of goods, and waste. The research uses descriptive analytic method and design approach as design solution. The results achieved are: The concept of interior design revitalization of Pasar Gede Hardjonagoro aims to re-mapping the needs of interior design patterns for traders and visitors and provide an alternative offer of a functional, attractive design that resulting in increase of sales ratio. To achieve this goal, the design idea refers to functional, effective and efficient aspects that aesthetically adopt some architectural elements of Pasar Gede Hardjonagoro as a thematic approach. Keywords: Pasar Gedhe Hardjonagoro Revitalization, Tourism Destination, functional design, Cultural House.

The Giving of Exclusive Breastfeeding to Moronene Etnics of Bombana Southeast Sulawesi

Breast milk is the best food for babies up to 6 months old. The aim of this work is to examine various factor affecting the giving of exclusive breastfeeding to Moronene Ethnics of Bombana, Southeast Sulawesi. The research was a quantitative study with survey analytic design and cross sectional approach design. The sample consisted of 144 samples of mother having infants above 6 months old. They were selected using proportional random sampling technique and they represent all villages in the work area of Rumbia Health Center. The primary data were collected through interview and secondary data were obtained through library study. The results of the research indicate that exclusive breastfeeding is very low (16.0%). There is a correlation between knowledge, social support and exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000). Socio-cultural factor has the most dominant effect on exclusive breastfeeding (p=0.000, B=3.841), while socio demographical factor of mothers (mother's age and parity) does not have a significant correlation with exclusive breastfeeding.

The Relationship of the Role of Teachers in the Implemented Curriculum of School-Based Disaster Preparedness in Vulnerability in School Teachers with Disabilities in Malang City, Indonesia

The students are the group most vulnerable to disasters, especially children with disability. Teachers should have the skills to handle disasters when they occur. The low preparedness of School-Based Disaster Preparedness/Sekolah Siaga Bencana (SSB) teachers in disaster risk reduction can lead to increased vulnerability of teachers in dealing with disaster threats. This study was conducted to analyse the relationship of the role of the teachers in the implemented curriculum SSB in Vulnerability of school teachers with disability in Malang City. This research is a quantitative study, using correlative analytic observational design and cross sectional approach with a sample of 30 teachers taken from elementary schools and junior high schools with disability. The results of bivariate analysis using gamma correlation test obtained the results of knowledge factors (p = 0.005; r = 0.47) attitude (p = 0.000; r = 0.75), means of infrastructure (p = 0.000; r = 0.98), and disaster information (p = 0.000; r = 0.59) for SSB teachers’ preparedness. Keywords: Knowledge, attitude, curriculum, teachers, School-Based Disaster Preparedness, Vulnerability

Analysis and design of ultra-low-voltage low-power rail-to-rail VCO-based comparator in subthreshold region

In this paper, analysis and design of an ultra-low-voltage low-power voltage controlled oscillator (VCO)-based comparator operating in subthreshold region is presented. It is composed of a pseudo differential VCO and a phase-frequency detector (PFD). An analytical design approach is developed resulting in closed-form expressions for important properties of the comparators such as resolution, comparison time, comparison energy and input-referred noise. Using the developed expressions, the design of phase-frequency detector (PFD) and its limitations is fully addressed and the possibility of using a signal premapping strategy allowing for rail-to-rail operation is investigated. To comprehensively verify the operation of the proposed comparator, it has been adopted in an 8 bits, 13 kS/s SAR ADC suitable for biomedical applications. Using a 0.18 μm standard CMOS process under a 0.5-V supply voltage, the total power consumption is about 153 nW. The simulated SNDR and SFDR are 49.15 dB and 57.76 dB, respectively. The DNL is +0.12/−0.13 LSB and the INL is +0.24/−0.51 LSB.

A new analytical approach for design of current and speed controllers in electrical motor drives

The paper presents an analytical design of the current and the speed controllers for robust control of electrical drives with the good performance index. The design procedure with a practical implementation of the speed and current controllers is performed in an indirect field-oriented controlled elevator drive with an induction motor. It is demonstrated that both controllers are simultaneously tuned with a free parameter which allows the operator to control the process so the desired robustness/performance is achieved. The proposed controller design procedure is verified with the both, numerical simulations and experimentally.

The Evaluation of Geotube Behaviors on Muddy Beach: Field Monitoring and Numerical Analysis

The use of geotubes is now common in coastline protection due to notable advantages such as erosion prevention, competitive cost and speedy installation procedures. Previous researchers have presented analytical, empirical and numerical approaches for geotube design. However, design approach for geotube which functions as breakwater on deformable muddy foundation and subjected to hydrodynamic loads has not been well reported. Hence, this study evaluates the behavior of geotube breakwaters installed on a deformable muddy foundation based on field measurements and numerical analysis. The field measurements were carried out on quarter-yearly basis to assess the behavior of geotube under hydrodynamic forces. Two-dimensional finite element analysis was performed to simulate the deformation and the displacement of geotube breakwater subjected to hydrodynamic loads, taking into account of deformable foundation condition. The structural stability and structure’s height reduction due to foundation settlement are essential considerations in breakwater design. The agreements between field monitoring and numerical results were promising; therefore, the finite element models can be used to predict the behavior of geotube on those muddy coast areas with similar hydrodynamic and geological conditions.

Compact Chebyshev Differential-Mode Bandpass Filter on &lt;inline-formula&gt; &lt;tex-math notation="LaTeX"&gt;$\lambda$ &lt;/tex-math&gt; &lt;/inline-formula&gt;/4 CPS Resonator With Intrinsic Common-Mode Rejection

In this paper, a new class of compact Chebyshev differential-mode (DM) bandpass filters with intrinsic commonmode (CM) rejection is proposed and demonstrated on λ/4 coplanar stripline (CPS) resonators with an improved unloaded quality factor (Qu). The distinct advantage of the proposed λ/4 CPS resonator with higher Qu than slotline resonator, together with intrinsic CM rejection of CPS line, can demonstrate that λ/4 CPS resonator is more suitable for the design of narrowband DM filter than others on slotline resonator. Then, the underlying physics why CPS resonator possesses higher Qu than slotline resonator is numerically studied and further interpreted by the radiation loss. To facilitate the design process, an analytical design approach is introduced by using alternative J/K inverters and a tailored method is used to extract J/K inverter values with their associated effective electrical lengths based on their equivalent circuit models. Finally, two design examples, a second-order and a fourth-order DM Chebyshev bandpass filter, are designed and implemented, operating at the center frequency of 1.8 GHz with the fractional bandwidths of 6% and 19%, respectively. The simulated and measured DM/CM frequency responses match well with each other. The proposed DM filters based on λ/4 CPS resonators have demonstrated the claimed superior performances in terms of intrinsic CM rejection, improved unloaded quality factor, easy implementation of J/K inverter, inherent suppression of first DM harmonic, and compact size.

An Analytical Design Method for High-Speed VCSEL Driver With Optimized Energy Efficiency

A universal analytical design approach for laser diode drivers (LDDs) is presented and verified. All design parameters are derived analytically, taking the vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) characteristics into account. Two optimization strategies are proposed. First, the power consumption is minimized for the highest achievable optical modulation amplitude (OMA) and extinction ratio (ER). Second, the highest achievable data rate (DR) is considered to maximize the energy efficiency. As a result, a simple differential amplifier can be implemented as an LDD to achieve energy efficiencies and DRs comparable or even higher than the one of more complex designs utilizing preemphasis, feedforward equalization, and pulse amplitude modulation. Therefore, drivers designed with this holistic analytical approach accommodate well the demands for high DRs, high energy efficiency, high compactness, high reliability, and low latency in future optical data links. A compact LDD is designed with an active area of only $0.15 \times 0.12$ mm2 in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. A DR of 40 Gbit/s with bit error rates $ and an energy efficiency of 2.245 pJ/bit are achieved for an OMA of 1.1 mW and an ER of 10 dB using a 20-GHz 850-nm common-cathode VCSEL. The achieved values deviate less than 10% from the predicted ones, which clearly illustrates the effectiveness of the presented analytical approach. Further improvements are achieved by optimizing the modulation levels and the performance to the link requirements. At 45 and 30 Gbit/s, 1.8 and 1.17 pJ/bit are achieved, respectively.

Feature-Based Response Classification in Nonlinear Structural Design Simulations

An applied system design analysis approach for automated processing and classification of simulated structural responses is presented. Deterministic and nonlinear dynamics are studied under ideal loading and low noise conditions to determine fundamental system properties, how they vary and possibly interact. Using powerful computer resources, large amounts of simulated raw data can be produced in a short period of time. Efficient tools for data processing and interpretation are then needed, but existing ones often require much manual preparation and direct human judgement. Thus, there is a need to develop techniques that help to treat more virtual prototype variants and efficiently extract useful information from them. For this, time signals are evaluated by methods commonly used within structural dynamics and statistical learning. A multi-level multi-frequency stimulus function is constructed and simulated response signals are combined into frequency domain functions. These are associated with qualitative system features, such as being periodic or aperiodic, linear or nonlinear and further into subcategories of nonlinear systems, such as fundamental, sub or super harmonic and even or odd order types. Appropriate classes are then determined from selected feature metrics and rules-of-thumb criteria. To automate the classification of large data sets, a support vector machine is trained on categorised responses to determine whether a single feature, or combinations of features, applies or not. The trained classifier can then efficiently process new sets of data and pick out cases that are associated with possible vibrational problems, which subsequently can be further analysed and understood. This article describes elements of the analysis, discuss the effectiveness of evaluated feature metrics, reports practical considerations and results from two separate training study examples.

Analytical Modelling of Open-Circuit Flux Linkage, Cogging Torque and Electromagnetic Torque for Design of Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machine

Magnetic saturation and complex stator structure of Switched Flux Permanent Magnet Machine (SFPMM) compels designers to adopt universally accepted numerical method of analysis i.e. Finite Element Analysis (FEA). FEA is not preferred for initial design due to its computational complexity and is time consuming process because of repeated iterations. This paper presents an accurate analytical approach for initial design of proposed twelve-stator-slot and ten-rotor-tooth (12/10) with trapezoidal slot structure SFPMM. Air-gap Magnetic Equivalent Circuit (MEC) models with Global Reluctance Network (GRN) methodology is utilized for calculation of open-circuit flux linkage. Fourier Analysis (FA) for cogging torque, and Maxwell Stress Tensor (MST) method for electromagnetic torque where radial and tangential components of the air-gap flux density are produced by the currents flowing in three phase armature winding. Analytical predictions are validated by FEA utilizing JMAG software and shows errors less than ~2% for open-circuit flux linkage, ~4.2% for cogging torque, and ~2% for average electromagnetic torque.