Review Analysis Research Articles

A comprehensive and analytical review of text clustering techniques

A comprehensive and analytical review of text clustering techniques

State youth policy in Russia as a tool for the development of society: an analytical review

This article deals with the peculiarities of the implementation of youth policy in the Russian Federation. The analysis of the main normative-legal acts of the Russian Federation in this direction is carried out. In particular, most of the attention was paid to the "Fundamentals of State Youth Policy in the Russian Federation until 2025" approved on 29 November 2014 by the Decree of the Government of the Russian Federation № 2403-r. In the course of the study, the author identified a number of problems of youth policy. Thus, it was established that from 2014 to the present time there is a tendency to decrease the number of young citizens in the total share of the country's population. Consequently, this creates significant problems in the labour market. Attention is drawn to the problems of political representation of young people in the Russian power structures. The absence of measures in the state policy to attract young people to the political life of the country can reduce their civic consciousness, which will negatively affect the society as a whole. As a result, the author made assumptions about how to correct the current state of the state youth policy and to achieve improvement of employment indicators, number and civic activity of young citizens.

Clinical guidelines for prevention, diagnostics, treatment and recovery from acute radiation injuries: classification and basic pathology

The provision of state guarantees to citizens with medical care is achieved by compliance with clinical recommendations by medical organizations. However, acute diseases (conditions) caused by excess radiation were excluded from the relevant pathologies for the development of appropriate clinical recommendations. The current events increase the relevance of acute radiation pathology for the healthcare system and determine the high risk of such cases among the personnel of radiation-hazardous facilities and population. The necessity of developing national clinical guidelines for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injury victims is substantiated. Based on an analytical review of the databases of NEB, PubMed, and Medline for 1970 to 2023 on the problem of prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of individuals exposed to excess radiation and analysis of the regulatory framework governing the process of creating clinical recommendations in the Russian Federation on the provision of medical care to victims of acute radiation injuries, the main terms and their definitions relevant to acute radiation pathology were formulated, which must be unified when developing clinical recommendations. The basic classification of acute radiation lesions is presented, systematizing the variety of possible clinical forms of diseases (conditions) and their etiopathogenetic variants based on the characteristics of the types of ionizing radiation sources and individual characteristics of the conditions of acute radiation exposure. Variants of working clinical classifications of acute radiation lesions based on the generalization of the experience in the country and the world on the systematization of acute radiation pathology were determined. In general, the expediency of developing a group of clinical recommendations for the prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and rehabilitation of acute radiation injuries, covering all the various current clinical forms of diseases caused by excess (uncontrolled, unregulated, emergency) exposure, is justified. The task of determining the current list of diseases (conditions) and groups of diseases (conditions) caused by excessive human exposure in the dose range that can lead to the development of acute radiation lesions is of practical importance both for departmental medicine and the country’s healthcare system.

An Analytical Review on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Business Industry: Applications, Trends, and Challenges

An Analytical Review on the Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Business Industry: Applications, Trends, and Challenges

Analytical Review of the Practice of Consideration by the Central Office of the FAS Russia of Complaints about Decisions, Definitions in Cases of Administrative Offenses in the Order of Chapter 30 of the Administrative Code of the Russian Federation (IV Quarter 2023)

The review contains an analysis of the legal positions of the Central Office of the Federal Antimonopoly Service of Russia based on the results of assessing the legality and validity of decisions and definitions in cases of administrative offenses.The purpose of the analytical review is to form uniform approaches in the law enforcement practice of antimonopoly bodies in cases of administrative offenses

Terminology at the border of linguistics and psychology: to the problem of strict definitions

The article is devoted to an analytical review of ambiguously defined terms and commonly used lexical units related to the mental sphere, which linguists use to some extent. The article reveals in detail the problem of the importance of the strictest possible definitions for such vocabulary when it is used both in linguistic texts and in general in the texts of humanitarian studies. In order to accurately formulate definitions for the twenty lexical units listed in the introduction, the main part of the article provides an independent analysis of basic psychological and semiotic concepts based on current anthropological knowledge. For each of the twenty lexical units, a strict definition is independently formulated. In a number of cases, detailed comments are given on the expected degree of accuracy of the definition, on the shortcomings of possible alternative definitions, on the ambiguity of the lexical unit, etc. In addition to independent definitions of some lexical units, definitions already existing in scientific circulation are given, which are evaluated in the article as successful. At the end of the analytical review, a model of speech communication is formulated in the form of a scheme, based on the conclusions made in the review. The practical orientation of the review is the preparation of a fundamental theoretical basis for a Ph.D. research devoted to the compilation of an original lexical thesaurus for machine sentiment analysis.

Methods of Accounting for Temperature and Strain Rate Variation in Multilevel Constitutive Models of Metal Deformation (Analytical Review)

Methods of Accounting for Temperature and Strain Rate Variation in Multilevel Constitutive Models of Metal Deformation (Analytical Review)

Analysis of the results of studies of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums of the cryolithozone

The subject of research is natural and man-made kurums (blocky accumulations of rocks). The purpose of the work was to analyze the main literary sources, in which the results of research on the formation of the thermal regime of rock dumps (kurums) were published. The retrospective period of the research extends for more than 50 years. Domestic and foreign sources of information are considered. The most representative ones have been selected for analysis, in which the results of research with theoretical value and practical significance have been published. The analysis showed that on many important aspects of the formation of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums, all the authors of studies conducted in different regions and at different time periods, independently of each other, came to the same conclusions. This indicates the reliability and objectivity of the results obtained. An analytical review of scientific articles was used as a research method, in which research materials on the formation of the thermal regime of both the kurums themselves and their soil bases were published. The kurums of the permafrost and island permafrost zones are considered. An analytical review of literary sources containing theoretical and practical results of research on the formation of the thermal regime of natural and man-made kurums is carried out. The results of the analysis allow us to draw the following main conclusions. 1. Any types of natural and man-made kurums lead to progressive cooling of the base on which they are located. 2. When interacting with the rock base, the technogenic kurum works as an active thermal protection, changing its thermal resistance during the annual cycle. 3. When modeling the process of thermal interaction of technogenic kurum, it is quite acceptable to consider the kurum as a heat-protective layer, the thermal resistance of which depends on the effective coefficient of thermal conductivity, which changes its value when the sign of atmospheric air temperature changes. Based on the analysis of the results of the published works, conclusions are drawn about the possibility of a number of simplifications in the construction of computational models for forecasting and controlling the thermal regime of frozen bases of technogenic kurums.

COMPARING COMPARATIVE LAW: PERSPECTIVES FROM THAILAND

AbstractThis article conducts an analytical review of the works of three prominent Thai comparative law professors: Professor Preedee Kasemsup, Professor Phijaisakdi Horayangkura and Professor Sanunkorn Sotthibandhu. Although influential in Thailand, their works are mostly in Thai and therefore have received little academic attention outside the kingdom. The authors argue that the works of these scholars have the potential to shine new light on comparative law theory and bring voices from the Global South to add fresh perspectives and contexts to a discipline dominated by scholars from the Global North. Moreover, this examination highlights the challenges that comparative law faces in freeing itself from this hegemony when using internally developed concepts and modes of questioning.

БИОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ МЕТОДЫ ЛЕЧЕНИЯ В ТРАВМАТОЛОГИИ И ОРТОПЕДИИ

Background: conduct an analytical review of modern biological methods for treating diseases of the musculoskeletal system. Material and methods: аn analysis of foreign and domestic sources on this topic was carried out. Results: based on the latest scientific data, the presented review describes key orthobiological methods for treating diseases of the musculoskeletal system, and studies the effectiveness of their use. The most effective methods for clinical practice are recommended. Conclusion: our analysis indicates that the treatment of diseases of the musculoskeletal system using orthobiological methods is an urgent problem and requires further study along with its active implementation in everyday practice.

Legal regulation of information processes within the framework of preventive SMART monitoring

The purpose of this study is to analyze the legal problems that arise during implementation of preventive SMART monitoring in the financial and budgetary sphere, identify conflicts and develop recommendations on the correct application of legal norms during preventive smart control. We will not consider the general requirements for state information systems and procedures for collecting and processing information established by financial legislation, legislation of the Russian Federation on information, information technology and information protection, legislation on security, legislation of the Russian Federation on state and other legally protected secrets. The study will focus on aspects of regulating the procedures for collecting and processing information used directly during the preventive SMART control. The subject of the study is both the current legal norms and legislative initiatives on amendments to the Budget Code of the Russian Federation, as well as the information procedures themselves that exist during SMART monitoring. To conduct the research, a methodology was used, including an analytical review of the regulatory legal framework, draft regulatory legal acts and scientific literature on the subject of research, generalization and systematization of data, and the formation of proposals to resolve the identified problems. The main conclusions of the conducted research are: basic information relations within the framework of the implementation of preventive SMART control procedures in the financial and budgetary sphere are currently regulated by legislation and do not need further improvement; legislative work is required to improve the legal mechanism governing information processes using artificial intelligence, big data processing, and the introduction of intelligent agents; all innovations are proposed to be implemented only after a comprehensive assessment of their regulatory impact; additional regulatory consolidation is required by the mechanism of openness of all elements and procedures related to preventive SMART monitoring.

Appropriate Inclusion: A Novel Framework for the Development of China's Special Education

Purpose This study examines the Action Plan for the Development and Improvement of Special Education (hereinafter, the Action Plan) of the 14th Five-Year Plan, a national blueprint for special education forwarded by the General Office of the State Council of the People's Republic of China in December 2021. Design/Approach/Methods This is an analytical policy review. Findings In analyzing the policy highlights and characteristics of the Action Plan, this policy review identifies four factors motivating the policy: the United Nations’ Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities, the Outline of the People's Republic of China 14th Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and Long-Range Objectives for 2035, educational equity, and the high-quality development of special education. In addition to proposing three developmental requirements in line with China's national conditions, the Action Plan establishes eight implementation strategies and three support systems for the initial development of high-quality special education. Originality/Value The findings of this article will enhance leaders’ and relevant stakeholders’ understanding of new directions in and future paths of the high-quality development of special education in China.

Research Trends in the Impact of Digitization and Transparency on National Security: Bibliometric Analysis

In the context of rapid technological development, digitalization and transparency have a critical impact on national security, promoting transparency and combating corruption, while posing challenges to cybersecurity due to the increased availability of information. The purpose of this study is to identify, based on bibliometric analysis, trends and subject areas in research on the impact of digitalization and transparency on national security. To achieve this goal, a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of scientific works on the role of digitalization and transparency in national security published in the publications indexed by the Scopus database for 1991-2023 was conducted, which formed the statistical basis of the analysis. The bibliometric programs Vosviewer and SciVal were chosen as research tools, which allowed for an in-depth analytical review and identification of the main trends and interrelationships between different research areas, confirming the hypothesis of increasing interest in the study of digitalization and transparency in the context of national security. Based on the analysis of the common use of keywords, seven clusters were identified, covering a wide range of topics from digital transformation and adaptive governance for national security to global political and economic strategies, each of which reveals unique interrelationships between digitalization, transparency, innovation and their impact on national security, including cybersecurity challenges, ethics in governance, and the importance of transparency for democracy and human rights. The analysis of the evolutionary trends in research allowed us to identify four key periods of development of scientific interest in the impact of digitalization and transparency on national security: 1) the period from 2014 to 2016 is characterized by initial research on the role of digitalization in national security and mainly concerns e-government studies; 2) during 2017-2018, research focuses on the growing attention to transparency and its role in national security 3) in the period from 2019 to 2021, there is an increase in the number of studies related to cybersecurity and the impact of digital technologies on democracy; 4) from 2022 to the present, there is further in-depth research on topics related to artificial intelligence The spatial clustering of studies shows a high level of international integration in research on the impact of digitalization and transparency on national security. The findings can be used by state institutions to improve national security strategies, in particular by adapting the legislative framework to the challenges of digitalization and ensuring transparency at all levels of government and public life, including macro (national), meso (regional) and micro (local) levels, ensuring openness and accountability in all spheres of government and public control, which will ultimately contribute to ensuring stability and security at the national level.

Clinical biomechanics of the spine in three unsolved problems. A brief analytical review

Chronic pathology of the spine, especially its forms, such as degenerative disc disease (DDD), is one of the most common in the human population and a marker for a person. Even though this pathology lacks the burden of mortality, its existence and consequences worsen the quality of life. Hypotheses of the high prevalence of DDD often appeal to a person's upright gait and the function of the spine as a movable vertical support, which means a permanent significant axial load of the intervertebral discs (IVDs). Therefore, finding out the magnitude of such a load, its dependence on the body's position in space, and types of motor activity is an essential practical task of the biomechanics of the spine as a separate interdisciplinary direction of biomedical research. Despite all the efforts and significant activity during the 70s and 80s of the last century, the central questions of clinical biomechanics of the spine still need to be explored. It is visible from the state of development of three "legendary" problems ‒ elucidation of intradiscal pressure against the background of usual types of physical activity, the role of sitting in the promotion of DDD of the lumbar region, and determination of the role of intra-abdominal pressure in reducing the axial load of this region of the spine. For example, the results of the investigations can state that assessment of intradiscal pressure against the background of human behavioral activity has so far been the focus of a disproportionately small number of works, which, due to the weakness of the accompanying visualization and the technical unreliability of the sensors did not obtain a sufficient empirical base for statistically significant conclusions. Therefore, the urgent task of the future is developing and using a more accurate, reliable, miniature, and durable intradiscal pressure monitoring technique, which would make it possible to evaluate this parameter on large samples of volunteers with conditionally intact IVD and against the background of pathology. In this regard, the assumptions about the role of sitting in the development of DDD of the lumbar spine remain unverified.Similarly, the research on the phenomenon of intra-abdominal pressure needs to determine under what conditions and mechanisms this factor can affect the magnitude of the axial load on the lumbar spine. Also, constructing more insightful models of the biomechanics of the spine is only possible with expanding ideas about the composition, vascularization, and innervation of the IVD, biology, and pathology of IVD cells. The practical outcome of all these studies is delineation of the most dangerous types of motor activity in the promotion of DDD, which will bring us closer to understanding the drivers of DDD and thus improving the means of preventing and treating this ubiquitous pathology.

Formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan in digital space

The goal is analytical review of the current situation on formation of human capital in agricultural sector of the Republic of Kazakhstan, identifying the main problems and opportunities, as well as providing specific recommendations for optimizing development of labor potential in the context of digital transformation. Methods – statistical analysis, calculation of indicators, generalization, monographic. Results – the role of personnel reserves in AIC as a determining factor in increasing agricultural production volumes is considered. The main factors influencing on labor resources in agricultural sector of the republic in the conditions of digitalization are systematized: lack of qualified workers, aging workforce, unfavorable demographic situation, underdeveloped social infrastructure of the village, migration of the working population. It is emphasized that training of young specialists, as well as improving the quality of educational and methodological systems are an integral part of solving these problems. An analysis of the level of digital literacy of villagers and degree of the use of information and communication technologies was carried out. The state and dynamics of employment of rural residents, its differences in rural and urban areas have been studied, the share of people employed in agriculture, the structure of the economically active population by level of education have been determined. Conclusions - based on the results of the study, the need to train personnel capable of effectively using modern digital technologies in agricultural sector is noted, and measures to attract young people with specialized skills are argued. It is necessary to expand the continuous chain of career guidance, staff development to update professional competencies, and implement industry strategic goals. Practical recommendations for the development of human capital in the conditions of informatization and digitalization are proposed.

Топар МАЭС бөгетінің жай-күйін бағалау кезіндегі ғылыми зерттеулердің нәтижелері

The article considers the development of a methodology for conducting research on the stability of bulk structures. Software complexes have been implemented based on the use of the latest achievements in the field of geodetic instrumentation and new technologies in geophysics, hydrogeology and soil geomechanics research. The purpose of the work is to study the design features of bulk structures, the stages of their construction during the construction of roads, railways. As well as a variety of enclosing dams of tailings dumps, ash dumps of HRPP, determination of their category of responsibility, requirements during operation and timely selection of the method of geodetic control. Scientific research was carried out on hydrotechnical bulk structures of the Topar HRPP. The analysis of the current regulatory documents in Kazakhstan is carried out. The analytical review of scientific works of famous scientists of Kazakhstan, Russia and far abroad is carried out.

Digital Technologies in Rural Marketing: A Systematic Review

Introduction. The use of digital technologies in the marketing of rural areas opens up new opportunities for improving their economic attractiveness, expanding markets for products, as well as attracting investments and tourists. The goal of the study is to analyze the potential of digital technologies for marketing rural areas, identifying the main directions and mechanisms for their implementation, as well as assessing the effectiveness of already implemented projects in this area. Materials and Methods. A comprehensive analysis of scientific publications by Russian and international authors was devoted to the use of digital technologies in marketing of rural areas. The search for current scientific works in digitalization and marketing strategies in the agricultural sector included Scopus and Web of Science, as well as the Russian electronic databases eLibrary and CyberLeninka. The study was based on methods of analytical review, comparative analysis and systematization of existing approaches and solutions. Moreover, the case study method was used for a detailed examination of successful examples of the introduction in digital technologies in marketing of rural areas. Results. The most effective key digital tools and platforms for marketing rural areas were identified, such as social networks, mobile applications, virtual tour platforms and data aggregators. Particular attention was paid to the possibilities of using big data and analytics for targeted marketing and increasing customer satisfaction. Specific examples of successful projects in Russia and other countries were given. Conclusions. The introduction of digital technologies in the marketing of rural areas contributes to an increase in competitiveness, market development and the income of the local population. However, to achieve significant results, a comprehensive strategy is required, including infrastructure development, personnel training and the creation of conditions for innovative development. Finally, it is important to take into account the specifics and needs of specific rural areas, as well as to ensure the involvement of the local population in the digitalization process.

Diffraction interferometers. Analytical review

Diffraction interferometers. Analytical review

Generative Language Patterns and the Phenomenon of Anti-Anthropocentrism — New Perspectives on the Linguistic Paradigm of «Posthumano» and «General/Strong» AI

The presented material introduces an authorial hypothesis on the prospects of the emergence of the linguistic paradigm «posthumano», based on an analytical interdisciplinary review and analysis of the development feature of large generative language models through the enhancement of neural network algorithms in deep machine learning. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological foundation of the appearance of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of anti-anthropocentrism theories. The article actualizes the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches overcoming the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», extending into the realm of linguistics. Building on achievements in the development and training of generative language models, a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing system, termed «posthumano» is formulated and proposed for further criticism and development. The authorial concept of the emerging a new linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of the interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity that developed in the second half of the 20th century. In this contribution, the authors outline some of the foundational principles and reasons that may underlie the new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of linguistic practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of expectation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies. The authors put forward a theoretical and methodological basis for the emergence of such a phenomenon in the context of the development of theories of anti-anthropocentrism. The article updates the development of «post-anthropocentric» approaches that go beyond the traditional binary opposition «man/machine», including the field of linguistics. Based on advances in the development and training of generative language models, the formulation and a new concept of language as an autonomous, self-developing «posthumano» system is proposed for further analysis, criticism, and development. The author’s concept of the formation and development of a new emerging linguistic paradigm is based both on the principles of an interdisciplinary approach and on the discourse of transdisciplinarity, which developed in the second half of the 20th century. The authors set out both some basic foundations and reasons that can form the basis of a new linguistic paradigm and offer some thoughts on the immediate prospects for the development of language practices and humanitarian knowledge in the era of anticipation/development of «general/strong» artificial intelligence technologies.

Analytical Review of Numerical Analysis in Hydrodynamic Performance of the Ship: Effect to Hull-Form Modifications

<span lang="EN-GB">This review paper provides an overview of simulation-based hydrodynamic design optimization for ship hull forms. It also includes a numerical analysis aimed at accomplish early-stage simulation-based design in terms of hydrodynamic performance. A hydrodynamic module, a hull surface modeling module, and an optimization module are the primary components of this numerical analysis. The hydrodynamic module includes both simple design approaches and high-fidelity numeric tools; these integrated tools are used to evaluate hydrodynamic performances at different design stages. The hull surface modeling module offers a variety of techniques for ship hull surface representation and modification. It is also used to automatically create hull forms or change existing hull forms based on hydrodynamic performance and design constraints. The optimization module includes several optimization algorithms and surrogate models used to determine optimal designs in terms of hydrodynamic performance. Numerical findings indicate that the current tool is well suited for hull form design optimization at the early design stage because it can produce effective optimal designs within a short time.</span>