Analytical Reasoning Research Articles

A Study on the Application of Tropical Architecture in the Design of a Serviced Office in Medan Sunggal Sub-District

The design of a rental office in the sub-district of Medan Sunggal is a design for a rental office located in one of the business centres in the city of Medan, precisely in the sub-district of Medan Sunggal with the theme of tropical architecture. The problem that business actors or novice freelancers often face when trying to take independent steps to open new jobs due to Indonesia’s low level of employment is worrying about the high cost of office rentals like conventional office rentals in general. This rental office implements a serviced office system (office ready to use) which aims to make it easier for tenants, especially in terms of finances. The settlement method used is the descriptive method used in the design based on analytical reasoning and empirical structural research, along with identifying things that support the method. The use of a tropical architectural theme refers to the climate of Medan, which tends to be tropical and can be utilized by maximizing energy savings from natural sunlight. This rental office is expected to be good news for business actors, freelancers, and stakeholders in overcoming problems regarding the need for rental offices in the Medan Sunggal sub-district.

Soft Skills Needed by Marketing Majors upon Graduation

Are marketing students graduating with the skills business professionals demand? This paper will examine the soft skills needed by marketing majors upon graduation. A literature review was performed of 51 studies from recent years analyzing key skills mentioned in literature by marketing professionals. This study found that the most frequently mentioned softs skills included adaptability, analytical reasoning, collaborating with diverse individuals, communication (written and verbal), critical thinking, creativity, detail orientation, interpersonal skills, leadership, problem solving, professionalism, public speaking/presentation skills, resilience, teamwork and time management. This paper will discuss the major skills needed by marketing students and will make recommendations for future research on hard skills and digital marketing.

Practice change in community health centers: A qualitative study of leadership attributes.

This paper explores leadership attributes important for practice change in community health centers (CHCs) and assesses attributes' fit with the Full-Range Leadership Theory (FRLT). We conducted four focus groups and 15 in-depth interviews with 48 CHC leaders from several U.S. states using a modified appreciative inquiry approach. Thematic analysis was used to review transcripts for leadership concepts and code with a priori FRLT-derived and inductive codes. CHC leaders most often noted attributes associated with transformational leadership as essential for practice change. Important attributes included emphasizing a collective sense of mission and a compelling, achievable vision; expressing enthusiasm about what needs to be done; and appealing to employees' analytical reasoning and challenging others to think creatively to problem solve. Few expressions of leadership fit with the transactional typology, though some did mention active vigilance to ensure standards are met, clarifying role and task requirements, and rewarding followers. Passive-avoidant attributes were rarely mentioned. Our results enhance understanding of leadership attributes supportive of successful practice change in CHCs.

Analysis of Students' Reasoning in Solving Comparison Problems

The objective of this article is to analyze the degree of analyticity in the reasoning of both the 6th grade of elementary school and the first year of middle school, related to activities called comparison problems which are qualified as conducive to emerge analytical reasoning characterizing algebraic thinking according to several researchers (Bednarz et al., 1996; Radford, 2010; Squalli, 2000). The results we found show that a powerful algebraic potential exists in these types of activities. Moreover, they show that the letter’s presence or absence did not prevent the students from deploying sophisticated analytical reasoning.
 
 Received: 21 June 2022 / Accepted: 18 August 2022 / Published: 2 September 2022

Aging in an "infodemic": The role of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency on news veracity detection.

Increasing misinformation spread poses a threat to older adults but there is little research on older adults within the fake news literature. Embedded in the Changes in Integration for Social Decisions in Aging (CISDA) model, this study examined the role of (a) analytical reasoning; (b) affect; (c) news consumption frequency, and their interplay with (d) news content on news veracity detection in aging. Conducted during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic, the present study asked participants to view and evaluate COVID or non-COVID (i.e., everyday) news articles, followed by measures of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency. News veracity detection was comparable between young and older adults. Additionally, fake news detection for non-COVID news was predicted by individual differences in analytic reasoning for both age groups. However, chronological age effects in fake news detection emerged within the older adult sample and interacted with the CISDA-derived components of analytical reasoning, affect, and news consumption frequency by news content. Collectively, these findings suggest that age-related vulnerabilities to deceptive news are only apparent in very old age. Our findings advance understanding of psychological mechanisms in news veracity detection in aging. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).

Superlatives, clickbaits, appeals to authority, poor grammar, or boldface: Is editorial style related to the credibility of online health messages?

Adolescents, as active online searchers, have easy access to health information. Much health information they encounter online is of poor quality and even contains potentially harmful health information. The ability to identify the quality of health messages disseminated via online technologies is needed in terms of health attitudes and behaviors. This study aims to understand how different ways of editing health-related messages affect their credibility among adolescents and what impact this may have on the content or format of health information. The sample consisted of 300 secondary school students (Mage = 17.26; SDage = 1.04; 66.3% female). To examine the effects of manipulating editorial elements, we used seven short messages about the health-promoting effects of different fruits and vegetables. Participants were then asked to rate the message’s trustworthiness with a single question. We calculated second-order variable sensitivity as the derivative of the trustworthiness of a fake message from the trustworthiness of a true neutral message. We also controlled for participants’ scientific reasoning, cognitive reflection, and media literacy. Adolescents were able to distinguish overtly fake health messages from true health messages. True messages with and without editorial elements were perceived as equally trustworthy, except for news with clickbait headlines, which were less trustworthy than other true messages. The results were also the same when scientific reasoning, analytical reasoning, and media literacy were considered. Adolescents should be well trained to recognize online health messages with editorial elements characteristic of low-quality content. They should also be trained on how to evaluate these messages.

"Employee Competencies Interrelation of Workforce Agility Attributes"

Organizations must be able to evaluate the performance of their digital efforts quickly to know where to channel human resources and when to pull the plug if necessary. In a demand-based banking services environment the organization need to build agility and competencies to adapt to shift and act on it with speed. The workforce sharpens the behavioral competencies to meet the agility dimensions is an answerable to stay strong in business operations. This research is to understand the relationship of behavioral competencies and workforce agility attributes. It gives the insight of knowledge on employee behavior at workplace to find out the research model. Further, empirical results significant that behavioral competencies of motivation, commitment, analytical reasoning and employee foresight were found to be strongly associated with workforce agility attributes of adaptability, developmental and competent. Moreover, the paper opens up discussion for a strategic managerial implication.

KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS SISWA KELAS X SMA DALAM MENYELESAIKAN SOAL PERTIDAKSAMAAN RASIONAL SATU VARIABEL

The purpose of this investigation is to ascertain the level of analytical reasoning abilities possessed by students in the context of the resolution of mathematical problems involving reasonable inequalities involving a single variable. This study is a qualitative investigation on descriptive issues. Students from class X IPS 1 at SMA Santo Fransiskus Asisi Pontianak volunteered to participate in the study as research subjects. A test of one's ability to think critically is included in the data gathering instrument. The analysis of the data began with a categorization of each piece of information according to the amount of critical thinking it required, as determined by Ferret's critical thinking markers. According to the findings of a study that involved 29 students, the majority of students in class X IPS 1 SMA Santo Fransiskus Asisi Pontianak are at level 1 in terms of their critical thinking. The study found that 28 students, or 96 percent, thought uncritically, while only one student, or 1 percent, thought critically enough. These findings led the researchers to draw the conclusion that the majority of students in this class are at level 1. (not critical).

A Case for Buried Culture: From an Unknown Known to a Known Unknown

This paper makes a case for Buried Culture—humanly modified packages of sediments and artifacts. Specifically, it argues that Buried Culture amounts to an a-social, literally posthuman, cultural being. The argument proceeds through three main steps. Firstly, drawing on the prototypical example of landfills, it demonstrates that while ontically solid, Buried Culture is epistemically vacuous. Secondly, placing it between sedimentology and archaeology, a diagnosis is offered: The epistemic vehicles at our disposal either acknowledge Buried Culture’s existence as a proper being or appreciate its cultural qualities, but not both. Thirdly, an aesthetically oriented approach is proposed, adopting the analytical reasoning of the art critic as a means to straddle this gap. To illustrate this, a small-scale case study is presented, concerned with an early 20th-century landfill near Tel Aviv, Israel.

Latent profile analysis of schizotypy, autistic traits and conspiracy theory beliefs: Associations with cognitive flexibility and scientific reasoning performance

Schizotypal and autistic traits have both been implicated in the development of conspiracy theory (CT) beliefs. However, there are both similarities and differences between these traits that may increase an individual’s susceptibility to CT beliefs. Past research has often taken a variable-centred approach which assumes that the relationships among distinct variables (i.e. schizotypy, autistic traits) are homogenous. Given these circumstances, Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was used to assess the extent to which within-individual variation in schizotypal, autistic traits and associated socio-cognitive tendencies are associated with CT beliefs, cognitive flexibility, and scientific reasoning performance. In a sample of 565 adults, five distinct classes were identified. Those with the lowest clinical scores (Class 1) had the highest scientific reasoning and lowest level of CT beliefs, whilst those with the highest clinical scores (Class 4 and 5), had the lowest scientific reasoning and highest CT belief scores. Further analysis revealed some evidence for mixed groups (e.g. Class 4) in which higher analytical reasoning scores co-occurred with higher CT beliefs, but lower scientific reasoning scores. The results did not provide evidence that higher autistic traits independently predicted CT beliefs, but the results support the view that scientific reasoning appears to better differentiate variation in CT beliefs across groups than differences in analytical reasoning.

JACO VAN SCHALKWYK’S PAINTING SKILL TRANSFER IN “PAINTING WORKSHOP AND CONCEPTUAL THINKING” AT GALLERY OF FBS, UNDIKSHA 2020

Abstract
 It was necessary to thoroughly review Jaco Van Schalkwyk’s painting skill transfer, an African painter, through an instructional development in a non-formal educational system. Skill transfer needed to be developed for transfer of knowledge/concepts, skills and appreciation of painting in the educational world, especially Fine Arts in as society of academicians’ form of development. Morespecifically, this research aimed to analyse skill transfer development process, tools and materials used and tangible skill transfer results of painting works developed by Jaco Van Schalkwyk. The research method used was descriptive qualitative method, and the data were collected through observation, interview, literature and documentation techniques. The Jaco Van Schalkwyk’s Skills Transfer Process included the following stages: 1. Introduction; was about self- introduction and cosmology of cultural climate on which art practices were based on. 2. Observation; trained learners’ artistic sensitivity, broadening their stimuli in finding new ideas of work. 3. Discussion; sharpened analytical reasoning and interpretation. 4. Idea Execution; recorded information of arising ideas. 5. Monitoring and Evaluation; solution to confusion. 6. Demonstration; trained the sensitivity to shape and motor sensitivity through Live Model Painting. 7. Presentation; trained responsibility for self-creativity. Based on the seven stages, we may conclude that skill transfer started with the biography related to how exploration of painting theme continued with responding to surrounding objects tobe taken as the source of painting idea.Keywords: painting, skill transfer, conceptual

Intuition and Its Role in Students' Mathematical Reasoning Ability

This study aims to find out more about intuition and its role in shaping students' mathematical reasoning abilities. In the discussion of the philosophy of mathematics intuition plays an important role. Intuition has been discussed by philosophers of mathematics for centuries. It is said that intuition is a provisional guess. In relation to mathematical reasoning ability, it is an indispensable ability for students because mathematical reasoning skills greatly contribute to the development of a set of 21st century skills. The method in this research is a library study approach. Researchers collect various references and sources, both international and national journals, books, and other articles related to the theme to be discussed. From the results of the discussion obtained intuition and mathematical reasoning ability are two things that complement each other in solving a mathematical problem. Intuition, which is a candidate for evidence, is then formally proven by mathematical reasoning with mathematical reasoning indicators. Intuitive processes direct the analytical process while quickly serving as a bridge in performing analytical reasoning. So if a person's intuition is good then his mathematical reasoning ability is also good. The potential of mathematical intuition in developing mathematical reasoning abilities is based on the theory that one component of intuition is reasoning

Seeking Patterns of Visual Pattern Discovery for Knowledge Building

AbstractCurrently, the methodological and technical developments in visual analytics, as well as the existing theories, are not sufficiently grounded by empirical studies that can provide an understanding of the processes of visual data analysis, analytical reasoning and derivation of new knowledge by humans. We conducted an exploratory empirical study in which participants analysed complex and data‐rich visualisations by detecting salient visual patterns, translating them into conceptual information structures and reasoning about those structures to construct an overall understanding of the analysis subject. Eye tracking and voice recording were used to capture this process. We analysed how the data we had collected match several existing theoretical models intended to describe visualisation‐supported reasoning, knowledge building, decision making or use and development of mental models. We found that none of these theoretical models alone is sufficient for describing the processes of visual analysis and knowledge generation that we observed in our experiments, whereas a combination of three particular models could be apposite. We also pondered whether empirical studies like ours can be used to derive implications and recommendations for possible ways to support users of visual analytics systems. Our approaches to designing and conducting the experiments and analysing the empirical data were appropriate to the goals of the study and can be recommended for use in other empirical studies in visual analytics.

The Role of Intuitive Cognition in Radiologic Decision Making.

The decision making involved in radiologic interpretation entails distinct cognitive pathways. On one side is analytic reasoning, which represents a deliberate, stepwise process integrating discrete data to formulate an interpretation, in which a range of diagnostic possibilities are directly compared. On the other side is intuition, which represents an automatic, rapid, and holistic form of decision making that generates an interpretation absent the sequential processing of data and direct comparison of possibilities. Nonexpert intuitive cognition often reflects domain-independent heuristics (ie, mental rules of thumb) that are often effective but prone to bias and systematic error. In contrast, expert intuition reflects the domain-specific skills developed among highly experienced practitioners who have gained deep knowledge in a given task domain from extensive practice and feedback. In this article, the authors define intuitive cognition, show evidence for its pervasive use among experts in a variety of fields, and explain its strengths and weaknesses relative to deliberate reasoning. Developing expert intuition requires the opportunity to learn from reliable feedback, and the authors describe various measures that can be used by radiology departments to foster such opportunities. Finally, the authors discuss implications for diagnostic performance and error reduction in clinical radiology.

Diagnostic reasoning in rehabilitation nutrition: Position paper by the Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Nutrition (secondary publication).

Diagnostic reasoning is the thought process used to arrive at a diagnosis based on symptoms, examination findings, and laboratory values. Diagnosis is categorized as nonanalytic reasoning (intuition) and analytic reasoning (analysis). Rehabilitation nutrition involves the diagnosis of nutritional disorders, sarcopenia, and excess or deficient nutrient intake. There is usually only one correct answer for the presence or absence of these. On the other hand, there may be no single correct answer for the causes of anorexia, weight loss, or sarcopenia, and analytical reasoning is required. In this case, diagnostic reasoning involves hypotheses. Simply using nutritional supplements without performing diagnostic reasoning about these causes is like prescribing antipyretic analgesics to a patient with a headache without diagnosing the cause of the headache. To maximize function and quality of life in rehabilitation nutrition, it is necessary to suspect the common causes of anorexia, weight loss, and sarcopenia in all cases.

THE USE OF INDONESIAN FOLKLORES TO DEVELOP YOUNG LEARNERS’ ANALYTICAL AND CRITICAL REASONING SKILLS

This study explored the way in which Elementary School teachers used Indonesian folklore in their English classes to help students improve their analytical and critical reasoning skills. Visual culture theory was employed to examine data from interviews through the use of pictures. Moreover, Kress’ (1991) social-constructionist method was applied to investigate the additional realities of folktales as a cultural reality. A descriptive qualitative research method was implemented. The data used were the five English teachers’ teaching strategies. The study revealed that the teachers’ final goal was for students to understand the moral message in the folklore. The teachers were innovative in their teaching materials and approach in their EFL classes by integrating illustrations and other visual media related to folklore in language teaching. Visual media was believed to help language development and vice versa. The strategies included the use of videos with English subtitles, reading texts, questions and examples from real life. The teachers’ efforts were aimed at sharpening students’ analytical reasoning skills. Students needed to answer questions that strengthened their critical reasoning skills, identifying inequities and providing feasible solutions. Teachers, who had a crucial role in maximizing the advantage of using folklore, needed to tailor the story’s discussion to the students’ level of understanding. The outcome of the study inferred that the use of English translations of Indonesian folktales in the classroom potentially affected students’ English language development.

Cognitive Skills of Employees from the Pharmaceutical Field

Over time, the specialised literature had an increased interest regarding the study of intelligence, cognitive abilities, and about the way these two abilities correlate amongst them. A sample of 63 pharmacists, aged between 25 and 45 years old, from Constanta County, was assessed with the cognitive skills tests from Cognitrom Assessment System (CAS++). Our study aimed at (1) identifying the level of cognitive skills that employees in the pharmaceutical field have; (2) identifying differences according to age in terms of cognitive abilities; and (3) identifying the relationships between cognitive abilities. One set of hypotheses assumed relationships between inductive analytical reasoning and analogical transfer, and between vocabulary and analogical transfer. Another set of hypotheses assumed the existence of differences between young pharmacists and adult pharmacists regarding analogical verbal transfer, decision-making capacity, inductive analytical reasoning, syntax, and vocabulary-synonyms. Results confirmed the correlational hypotheses and the difference regarding the vocabulary-synonyms variable but infirmed all the other hypotheses. Results are discussed in the context of the importance of cognitive skills for the pharmaceutical field, especially in the COVID-19 pandemic context.

Competence Development Of Sharia Banking Employees In Supporting Career Path

AbstractPurpose - The purpose of this research is to provide accurate information on what skills are needed by a banking employee in the world of work and what training is needed to enhance their career.Method - This research uses a type of qualitative research with a descriptive approach. And the techniques used are survey techniques, case studies, comparative studies, studies of time and motion spans, behavior analysis, and documentary analysis.Result - To develop the competence of serving candidates, especially students, is really needed to survive the competition workplace in this current era of digitalization. The Universities must be able to discuss and find the information from the stakeholders in this case is sharia banking. The letter of degree or bachelor only supports the competence not the main to work. The result of the Forum Discussion Group (FGD) is that the curriculum must have Management knowledge, Leadership, Teamwork and Skills. While that skill was include Content writing, Business analysis, Analytical reasoning, Digital marketing, Cloud computing, Critical thinking. And the strategy to develop student competence is beauty class training, teamwork training, performance grooming training, compute training, account training and graphic design training.Implication - This research can be a recommendation to educational institutions or universities and even financial institutions themselves to improve the skills of their employees or when recruiting new employees.Originality- Employee competency development can be used by banking institutions or educational institutions to improve the skills of their employees in facing the current digitalization era.

Reasoning, Representing, and Generalizing in Geometric Proof Problems among 8th Grade Talented Students

Proof, a key topic in advanced mathematics, also forms an essential part of the formal learning experience at all levels of education. The reason is that the argumentation involved calls for pondering ideas in depth, organizing knowledge, and comparing different points of view. Geometry, characterized by the interaction between the visual appearance of geometric elements and the conceptual understanding of their meaning required to generate precise explanations, is one of the foremost areas for research on proof and argumentation. In this qualitative analysis of the arguments formulated by participants in an extracurricular mathematics stimulus program, we categorized students’ replies on the grounds of reasoning styles, representations used, and levels of generality. The problems were proposed in a lesson on a quotient set based on the similarity among triangles created with Geogebra and the responses were gathered through a Google form. By means a content analysis, the results inform about the reasoning style, the scope of the argumentation, and the representation used. The findings show that neither reasoning styles nor the representations used conditioned the level of generality, although higher levels of argumentation were favored by harmonic and analytical reasoning and the use of algebraic representations.

Duped by Bots: Why Some are Better than Others at Detecting Fake Social Media Personas.

We examine individuals' ability to detect social bots among Twitter personas, along with participant and persona features associated with that ability. Social media users need to distinguish bots from human users. We develop and demonstrate a methodology for assessing those abilities, with a simulated social media task. We analyze performance from a signal detection theory perspective, using a task that asked lay participants whether each of 50 Twitter personas was a human or social bot. We used the agreement of two machine learning models to estimate the probability of each persona being a bot. We estimated the probability of participants indicating that a persona was a bot with a generalized linear mixed-effects model using participant characteristics (social media experience, analytical reasoning, and political views) and stimulus characteristics (bot indicator score and political tone) as regressors. On average, participants had modest sensitivity (d') and a criterion that favored responding "human." Exploratory analyses found greater sensitivity for participants (a) with less self-reported social media experience, (b) greater analytical reasoning ability, and (c) who were evaluating personas with opposing political views. Some patterns varied with participants' political identity. Individuals have limited ability to detect social bots, with greater aversion to mistaking bots for humans than vice versa. Greater social media experience and myside bias appeared to reduce performance, as did less analytical reasoning ability. These patterns suggest the need for interventions, especially when users feel most familiar with social media.