Analysis Of Variance Research Articles

Genetic connectivity of the common octopus (Octopus insularis) along the southwestern Caribbean

AbstractOctopus insularis is a shallow‐water octopus distributed throughout the western Atlantic, the Gulf of Mexico and the Caribbean. To evaluate its phylogeographic pattern, mitochondrial markers (16S rRNA and COIII) and genome‐wide nuclear markers (SNP's) were analyzed in individuals from artisanal fishing in different locations of the Colombian Caribbean coast. Mitochondrial analyzes displayed novel haplotypes (16S = H2, H3 and H4; COIII = H2–H7) and haplotypes shared with distant geographic areas (16S = H1 COIII = H1). The COIII gene did not show genetic differentiation between the analyzed localities, while the 16S gene showed significant differences between Santa Marta and Isla Fuerte. COIII's demographic analysis indicated that the species' effective population size has remained constant. Inferences were made from next‐generation genomic data with restriction site‐associated DNA (ddRAD‐seq) and 6769 polymorphic loci. The pairwise FST test indicated that there are low but significant differences between localities; however, the general molecular analysis of variance (AMOVA) and the principal coordinate analysis showed a lack of spatial structure in the populations analyzed. The Mantel test found no correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, and the genetic structure analyses showed the presence of one genetic stock. The information obtained in this study indicates the genetic connectivity of O. insularis in the southwestern Caribbean, the absence of putative biogeographic barriers that affect its gene flow, and the crucial role played by life history strategies (planktonic paralarvae) and oceanographic factors to define the current distribution of its genetic diversity in this region.

Nutrition addition alleviates negative drought effects on Quercus acutissima seedlings

Changing precipitation patterns have exacerbated severe drought events, causing tree die-off and forest mortality. Nutrition addition, as a critical method for forest management, may alleviate negative drought effects. Therefore, we set up a two-factor orthogonal experiment to study the responses of the leaf structural traits of Quercus acutissima to nutrition addition under drought stress. Leaf structural traits, including leaf morphological traits, leaf mass, and leaf nutrition traits, were measured under nine water and nutrition addition treatments. Two-way analysis of variance was used to detect the main effect and interaction of water and nutrition addition on leaf structural traits, principal component analysis was used to screen key traits. Our results show that drought had a unique and decisive effect on leaf length, leaf width, and leaf center, while leaf thickness only depended on nutrition addition. Conversely, no treatments changed the leaf length-width ratio and leaf nitrogen-phosphorus ratio. Besides, nutrition addition alleviated negative drought effects on leaf area, leaf saturated mass, leaf dry mass, leaf nitrogen content, leaf phosphorus content, leaf volume, specific leaf area, and leaf dry-matter content. According to the principal component 1 (54.83%), we screened seven key traits from leaf structural traits, including leaf area, leaf saturated mass, leaf dry mass, leaf nitrogen content, leaf volume, specific leaf area, and leaf dry-matter content, to effectively capture changes in leaf structural traits. Our results demonstrate that under drought stress, nutrition addition enhanced soil nutrition availability, increased leaf nitrogen and leaf phosphorus content, and finally alleviated negative drought effects. Thus, nutrition addition is crucial for plants to get through drought and for forest ecological restoration under global climate change.

Comparison of surgical outcomes between Kahook Dual Blade goniotomy and Trabectome surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma

Objective: To compare the medium-term therapeutic effects of Kahook Dual Blade (KDB) goniotomy and Trabectome surgery in the treatment of patients with primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Methods: This study was a non-randomized prospective interventional controlled clinical study. POAG patients who underwent KDB goniotomy or Trabectome surgery at Beijing Tongren Hospital from May 2017 to April 2022 were enrolled. The definition of successful surgery was postoperative average intraocular pressure (IOP)≤21 mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) and IOP decrease≥20%. Follow-up visits were conducted on the 1st day, 1st week, 1st, 3rd and 6th month after surgery. The IOP value, the number of IOP-lowering medications, the proportion of surgical success (average IOP≤21 mmHg at 6 months), and complications were evaluated. Statistical methods included independent sample t-test, Mann-Whitney rank sum test, χ2 test, repeated measures two-factor analysis of variance, Bonferroni, Friedman M test, Wilcoxon, and Log-rank. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the cumulative success rate of each group. Results: Seventeen male patients (17 eyes) and 10 female patients (10 eyes) were included. The mean age was (39.9±17.7) years old. There were 11 patients in the KDB group and 16 patients in the Trabectome group. There was no significant difference in clinical baseline conditions between the two groups (P>0.05). The IOPs in the KDB and Trabectome groups at postoperative 1 week [(16.6±6.3) and (16.4±4.1) mmHg) and 6 months [(17.8±5.3) and (19.9±4.4) mmHg) were lower than those before surgery [(25.1±9.3) and (27.4±9.1) mmHg) (all P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the overall IOP between groups (P>0.05). The IOP reduction rates in the KDB and Trabectome groups were 23.4% and 19.0%, with no significant difference (P=0.674). The numbers of IOP-lowering medications used in the KDB and Trabectome groups at 3 months [2.0 (1.0, 4.0) and 2.0 (1.0, 2.3)] and 6 months [2.0 (0.0, 4.0) and 2.0 (1.0, 3.0)] after surgery were not significantly different from those before surgery [4.0 (2.0, 4.0) and 3.0 (2.0, 4.0)] (both P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in the overall number of IOP-lowering medications used between the two groups (P>0.05). There was also no statistically significant difference in the proportion of patients with an IOP decrease of≥20% and the proportion of patients whose mean postoperative IOP was≤21 mmHg (all P>0.05). The proportions of IOP≤21 mmHg in the KDB group and the Trabectome group at 6 months after surgery were 81.8% and 68.8% (P>0.05). Serious intraoperative or postoperative complications occurred in neither group. Conclusions: Both KDB trabeculotomy and Trabectome surgery can effectively reduce IOP and have a good safety profile in treating POAG, with the same number of IOP-lowering medications.

Efficacy of antipsychotics in delusional infestation.

Data remain scarce for the first-line antipsychotic choice in treating delusional infestation (DI). We evaluated the treatment responses associated with different antipsychotics in DI patients. We undertook a multicentre, retrospective observational study using anonymised electronic patient records from two hospitals in the United Kingdom from 1 January 2011 to 1 January 2023. Eligible participants were adults (≥18 years) diagnosed with DI treated with an antipsychotic, and had both an assigned baseline and follow-up Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI-S) score. The CGI-S is a validated psychiatric research tool. Participants were excluded if they had known limited or non-adherence to an antipsychotic, or if no CGI-S scores were present at follow-up. First clinic visits before the initiation of an antipsychotic were assigned as the baseline CGI-S score. The last available CGI-S score before the patient either changed antipsychotic or left the clinic for any reason was used to assign follow-up CGI-S scores. The primary outcome was the response to each individual antipsychotic treatment, measured by the difference in the baseline and last available follow-up CGI-S scores. Differences in CGI-S changes between antipsychotic episodes were tested by analysis of variance (ANOVA). In total, 414 patient records were analysed, and data were extracted. The mean age was 61.8 years (SD 14.1). One hundred seventy (41%) of 414 patients were men and 244 (59%) were women. In total, 156 (38%) of 414 patients were eligible, yielding a total of 315 antipsychotic prescribing episodes. The ANOVA, ranking in order of treatment response, showed that the highest mean score (expressing highest treatment response) was observed in amisulpride (31 [67%] of 46) and risperidone (95 [57%] of 167), followed by some distance by quetiapine (9 [36%] of 25), aripiprazole (13 [28%] of 46) and olanzapine (7 [25%] of 28). Amisulpride and risperidone were associated with a higher treatment response than quetiapine, aripiprazole and olanzapine. Amisulpride and risperidone should therefore be considered the first-line treatment options in DI patients.

Investigation of Machining Parameters for Turning Process

Manufacturing industries mainly concentrates on how to minimize the cost of the products. The process planers have to prepare the process plan of the product based on the availability of the recourses. All the information is available in the plan including inspection and delivery date of the product. Based on the recommendation of the manufacturing and inspection methods, components are produced at affordable cost. Most of the research work concentrated on selection of machining parameters using optimization techniques and also prove that the machining time / cost were minimized for the particular components / operations. In this work, tool nomenclature is to be considered for the investigation for selection of machining parameters. Work presents an experimental investigation of the influence of the three most important machining parameters of depth of cut, feed rate and spindle speed on surface roughness during turning of aluminium alloy. In this study, the design of experiment which is a powerful tool for experimental design is used to optimize the machining parameters for effective machining of the work piece. L9 orthogonal array experimental design method as well as analysis of variance (ANOVA) is used to analyse the influence of machining parameters on MRR &amp; Machining Time. Two different grade of aluminium alloy i.e. AL 6063 &amp; AL 6068 were machined with input parameters of depth of cut and speed. The output parameters are MRR and machining time. Based on the results empirical equations are formed and optimized results are validation .The optimal results are recommended to manufacturing industries.

Effect of Planting Media Composition and Consentration of Vegetable Waste Liquid Organic Fertilizer on the Growth of Oil Palm Seedlings (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq) in the Main Nursery

The research was carried out at Research and Educational Garden of the STIPER Agricultural Institute which is located in Maguwoharjo, Sleman, Yogyakarta Special Region, Indonesia. This experiment was conducted from April – July 2023. This research design used a factorial experiment arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of two factors. The first factor was the composition of the planting medium with 3 kinds, namely: M1 = top soil + cocopeat (1:1); M2 = top soil + husk charcoal (1:1) and M3 = top soil + cocopeat + husk charcoal (1:1:1 ). The second factor was the LOF of vegetable waste which consists of 4 kinds, namely: P0 = without LOF (Liquid Organic Fertilizer) of vegetable waste (control); P1 = 50 ml / plant; P2 = 80 ml /plant and P3 = 100 ml / plant. The treatment combinations were 3 x 4 = 12 with 4 replications to obtain 48 plants. Data observations were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there were significantly differences, it was continued analyzed with the Duncan's Multiple Range Test at 5%. There is an interaction between the composition of the planting medium and the LOF of vegetable waste, on the fresh weight of the crown and the fresh weight of the roots. The best treatment combination for crown fresh weight and root fresh weight is top soil + husk charcoal with vegetable waste LOF 100 ml/plant. The composition of the planting media has an influence on planting height, number of leaves, fresh weight of the crown and fresh weight of the roots. Top soil + charcoal husk planting media is the best. The LOF concentration of vegetable waste has an effect on stem diameter, fresh weight of the crown and the roots. Giving vegetable waste LOF of 50 ml/plant and so on up to 100 ml/plant shows better growth.

A Study of Reading Comprehension and Receptive Vocabulary Retention Using the Electronic Glossing Sandwich Approach

Abstract The present research deals with the English as second language apprentices’ reading comprehension and receptive linguistic retention using the sandwich approach for the first language and making the way of communication simple by the use of electronic glossing in the education sector of Pakistan. The leading objectives of the article were to explore whether the learners who have approach to electronic glosses have better reading scores than the ones who have no access to electronic glosses in an ESL classroom and to investigate whether the learners who have access to electronic glosses have a higher vocabulary than the ones who have no access to electronic glosses in an ESL classroom. A quantitative research method was adopted to carry out this research. The data was collected from 40 students at a private school in Rawalpindi with different socio-economic backgrounds. The collected data was analyzed by three different analyses of variance (ANOVA) conducted to get the results of reading comprehension of the students followed by instant vocabulary test, and delayed vocabulary test. Moreover, four univariate analyses of the covariate (ANCOVAs) were introduced to examine the hypotheses using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS-24) software. The results of present study demonstrated the benefits of the electronic glossing in ESL classroom. The use of electronic glossing should not be neglected while learning English as second language in the private education sector of Pakistan, where direct method is used for teaching English as second language.

Utilization of Extract from Bushcane (Costus Afer) as Green Corrosion Inhibitor for Mild Steel

Corrosion has adverse environmental consequences since it affects the manufacturing sector resulting in enormous economic loss. The corrosion characteristics and mechanism of mild in the solution of hydrochloric acid was studied. Extract of bush cane (Costus afer) was screened for physicochemical and phytochemical properties and utilized as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel, the process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The presence of OH, NH of alcohols, phenols, or substituents connected to aromatic rings, C=O for amides and ketones, C-N of aliphatic amines, and C=C of alkenes and nitriles were shown using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The optimum condition was found by minimizing time, temperature, inhibitor concentration and corrosion rate while maximizing weight loss, and inhibitor efficiency. The results obtained revealed that the bush cane extract contain saponin, flavonoid, alkaloid and tannin, which suggests the potency of the extract as a good inhibitor as it contains a considerable amount of phytochemical with basic heteroatom. The statistical significance of the weight loss, corrosion rate and inhibitor efficiency were evaluated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). it was observed that the regression was statistically significant at the F-value of 94.60, 25.87 and 4.72 respectively. P-value of &amp;gt; 0.0235, &amp;gt; 0.0001 and 0.0265 respectively. The optimum temperature, inhibitor concentration and contact time were found to be 27.9°C, 20.0% and 5 hours respectively at desirability value of 0.637. At this optimum condition, the weight loss was found to be 0.102%, corrosion rate was 1.583mg/cm&amp;lt;sup&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/sup&amp;gt;hr and inhibitor efficiency was 62.9%. From the results obtained in this experiment, It is concluded that the bushcane extract can be used as a corrosion inhibitor for the protection of mild steel.

Connecting Water Quality and Ecosystem Services for Valuation and Assessment of a Groundwater Reserve Area in South-East Mexico

Even though the role of ecosystem services is known, the identification and assessment of water-related services is usually absent or often less represented as an ecosystem service. Progress in water quality indicator definition and compliance with regulations has been made; however, the relationship between water quality degradation and benefits to individuals and ecosystems remains little recognized. Here, we present an assessment of water quality and identification of ecosystem services in south-east Mexico. This study was performed within the geohydrological reserve zone of the Ring of Sinkholes, Yucatán Peninsula. Thirteen ecosystem services provided by the aquifer were identified. Water quality was evaluated in sinkholes based on national and international norms, considering different sinkhole uses. Results show a dynamic system, without saltwater intrusion and good to excellent water quality. The research demonstrates the relationship between ecosystem services and water quality, showing pressure in services related to uses for aquatic life protection and to a lesser extent those related to consumption. Current productive activities showed no pressure at this time. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) exhibited a significant difference in parameters and campaigns, but not between sinkholes. A long-lasting monitoring program for water quality is necessary to accurately evaluate the status of ecosystem services provided by the aquifer. Moreover, it is necessary to assess aquifers as ecosystems with economic, ecologic and socio-cultural importance. Effective water governance requires a balance of interests between all parties, within a legal and institutional framework.

Assessing the Effectiveness of Neem oil and Microalgae in the Management of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) Leaf Spot Caused by Alternaria spp.

The current study aimed to assess the effectiveness of neem oil and microalgae in controlling leaf spot caused by Alternaria spp. in cowpea (Vigna unguiculataL.). The research was conducted during the Zaid season of 2022 at the Central Research Field of the Department of Plant Pathology, SHUATS, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, using a Randomized Block Design with three replications and seven treatments. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was utilized to draw conclusions from the data. Leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp poses a significant threat to cowpea crops, resulting in yield losses and decreased plant vigor. An in vivo study was carried out to evaluate the impact of different concentrations of microalgae combined with neem oil at 1% on plant growth parameters and Disease Intensity (%). The application of microalgae @540 grams in various splits and neem oil @1% was done. Among all the treatments, T4 (Microalgae 48gms @5 DAS 96gms@15,45 DAS + Neem oil @1% showed promising results. Notably, the T4 treatment significantly increased plant height (84.63 cm) and the number of branches(10.83) at60DAS. Moreover, an increased numberof nodules per plant (21.44) was observed at 75 DAS, indicating improved root health and nitrogen fixation. Additionally, the treatment led to longer pod length (34.44 cm) in three pickings, suggesting enhanced yield potential. Furthermore, the combined application of microalgae and neem oil resulted in a significant reduction in disease intensity, with a notable decrease of 24.47% compared to untreated plants and those treated with chemicals (Bavistin). This indicates that the use of microalgae and neem oil together effectively suppressed leaf spot disease caused by Alternaria spp. in cowpea, thereby improving plant health and productivity. In conclusion, these findings underscore the potential use of eco-friendly alternatives like microalgae and neem oil for managing leaf spot disease in cowpea cultivation. Further research in this area is recommended for sustainable agricultural practices.

Multi-Objective Optimization of Tribological Characteristics for Aluminum Composite Using Taguchi Grey and TOPSIS Approaches

In this study, a multi-objective optimization regarding the tribological characteristics of the hybrid composite with a base material of aluminum alloy A356 as a constituent, reinforced with a 10 wt.% of silicon carbide (SiC), size 39 µm, and 1, 3, and 5 wt.% graphite (Gr), size 35 µm, was performed using the Taguchi method, gray relational analysis (GRA), and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) decision-making methods. Tribological tests were carried out on a “block on disc” type tribometer with lubrication. Load, sliding speed, and graphite mass concentration were analyzed as input parameters. As output parameters, wear rate and coefficient of friction were calculated. An analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to identify all parameters that have a significant influence on the output multi-response. It was found that the normal load has the highest influence of 41.86%, followed by sliding speed at 32.48% and graphite addition at 18.47%, on the tribological characteristics of composites. Multi-objective optimization determined that the minimal wear rate and coefficient of friction are obtained when the load is 40 N, the sliding speed is 1 m/s, and the composite contains 3 wt.% Gr. The optimal combination of parameters achieved by GRA was also confirmed by the TOPSIS method, which indicates that both methods can be used with high reliability to optimize the tribological characteristics. The analysis of worn surfaces using scanning electron microscopy revealed adhesive and delamination wear as dominant mechanisms.

Anti-Drug Antibody Incidence Comparison of Therapeutic Proteins Administered Via Subcutaneous vs. Intravenous Route.

Subcutaneous (SC) administration of therapeutic proteins is perceived to pose higher risk of immunogenicity when compared with intravenous (IV) route of administration (RoA). However, systematic evaluations of clinical data to support this claim are lacking. This meta-analysis was conducted to compare the immunogenicity of the same therapeutic protein by IV and SC RoA. Anti-drug antibody (ADA) data and controlling variables for 7 therapeutic proteins administered by both IV and SC routes across 48 treatment groups were analyzed. RoA was the primary independent variable of interest while therapeutic protein, patient population, adjusted dose, and number of ADA samples were controlling variables. Analysis of variance was used to compare the ADA incidence between IV and SC RoA, while accounting for controlling variables and potential interactions. Subsequently, 10 additional therapeutic proteins with ADA data published for both IV and SC administration were added to the above 7 therapeutic proteins and were evaluated for ADA incidence. RoA had no statistically significant effect on ADA incidence for the initial dataset of 7 therapeutic proteins (p = 0.55). The only variable with a significant effect on ADA incidence was the therapeutic protein. None of the other controlling variables, including their interactions with RoA, was significant. When all data from the 17 therapeutic proteins were pooled, there was no statistically significant effect of RoA on ADA incidence (p = 0.81). In conclusion, there is no significant difference in ADA incidence between the IV and SC RoA, based on analysis of clinical ADA data from 17 therapeutic proteins.

Risk Management Techniques on Financial Performance of State-Owned Sugar Companies in Kenya

Financial performance of sugar companies in Kenya is generally poor and has been fluctuating over a long period. The state-owned sugar companies are worse compared to the privately owned companies. The sugar sector has been orbiting around sugar scarcity, inefficiencies, failure to pay farmers, failure to renovate and modernize production unit, failure to battle with imported sugar, recurrent losses and political interference. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of risk management techniques on financial performance of state-owned sugar companies in Kenya. The specific objectives guiding the study were; to establish the effect of risk avoidance on financial performance of state-owned sugar companies in Kenya, and to assess the effect of risk acceptance on financial performance of state-owned sugar companies in Kenya. The study was anchored on the risk management theory, model risk management and the theory of financial control. The study adopted a descriptive research design with a target population of fifty four respondents being employees from the six state-owned sugar companies in Kenya. Questionnaires were the main data collection tool. Data was analyzed with the help of statistical package for social science version 28, Analysis of Variances, Correlation and regression analysis tools were used to establish the relationship between the variables. The findings of the study revealed a statistically significant regression effect and indicative of accomplished prediction of financial performance of state-owned sugar factories through the F-calculated value which showed that the model was significant. Risk avoidance explained 53.9% of financial performance and risk acceptance explained 61.9% of financial performance of state-owned sugar factories in western Kenya. The findings of the study will provide an insight to finance practitioners on the risk management techniques and their relationship with organizational financial performance as well as contributing to the scholarly literature on risk management techniques in other sectors of the economy. Keywords: Risk, Risk Avoidance, Risk Acceptance, Financial Performance, Risk management Techniques

Comparative Analysis of Impact of Soil Mixture and Fertilization on Growth and Seedling Quality of Selected Agroforestry Tree Species

The study was conducted to determine the most suitable soil amendment for germination and early seedling growth of selected indigenous multipurpose agroforestry tree species, viz., Cordia africana, Fiadherbia albida, Millettia ferruginea, and Moringa stenopetala at Haramaya University, Ethiopia. Seedlings were raised in polythene tubes having 10 cm diameter and 15 cm height and the experimental plots were laid out with eight treatments (i.e., potting soil mixture of, A = agricultural soil, M = manure, S = sand, D = DAP, and U = Urea) and three replications. The morphological attributes of seedlings such as shoot and root height, root collar diameter, leaf area were measured to assess tree seedlings vigor and robustness. Analysis of variance indicated that the shoot height of C. africana, F. albida, and M. ferruginea were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) whereas shoot height of M. stenopetala was highly significant (P&lt;0.01). Actual leaf area (cm2) of F. albida and M. stenopetala were significantly different (P&lt;0.05) and estimated leaf area (cm2) of the four species were highly significant at (P&lt;0.01). Treatment 8 (3A: 2M: 1S) for C. africana, treatment 5 (3A: 2M: 1S: 23U) for F. albida and treatment 2 (2A: 2M: 2S: 25D) for both M. stenopetala and M. ferruginea exhibited the lowest sturdiness quotient, which indicates that they are good-quality seedling for plantation. The shoot-to-height ratio indicated positive correlation with most seedling growth parameters whereas root collar diameter and sturdiness quotient showed negative correlation for all species. Treatment 3 (3A: 2M: 1S: 75D) is recommended as the best pot soil mix and fertilization compared to all other treatments, though it needs further study.

Study on the influencing factors of mechanical properties of anti-icing modified asphalt mortar

Accumulated snow and ice on road surface affect traffic operation. Anti-icing asphalt pavement is widely implemented as an active snow melting technology. However, there are few studies on anti-icing modified asphalt mortar mechanical properties and the effect of mortar materials on the interaction between modified asphalt and anti-icing filler. For this reason, this study investigated the mechanical properties of asphalt including rheological, high-temperature, fatigue and low-temperature properties through frequency and temperature scan, multiple stress creep recovery, linear amplitude scan, and single edge notched beam test. Based on this, the significant factors affecting asphalt mechanical properties were identified by analysis of variance. Subsequently, the Palierne-C-G* parameter was used to quantify the interaction between modified asphalt and anti-icing filler, and the effect of asphalt chemical structure on the interaction was revealed by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) test. The results indicated that the anti-icing filler significantly improved the high temperature and fatigue resistance of asphalt. Compared with SBS modified asphalt mortar, the mechanical properties of composite modified asphalt mortar were superior. The most significant factor affecting the mechanical properties of SBS modified asphalt mortar was modifier dosage, while the most significant factor affecting the composite modified asphalt mortar was crushed rubber dosage. The interaction showed a decreasing trend with the increase of frequency, while it appeared to increase and then decrease with the increase of temperature. The carbonyl functional group of asphalt correlated best with the interaction between asphalt and filler.

Effects of Intracerebral Aminophylline Dosing on Catalepsy and Gait in an Animal Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive disorder characterized by the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia. This study explored the potential effects of aminophylline, a non-selective adenosine A1 and A2A receptor antagonist, on catalepsy and gait in a haloperidol-induced PD model. Sixty adult male Swiss mice were surgically implanted with guide cannulas that targeted the basal ganglia. After seven days, the mice received intraperitoneal injections of either haloperidol (experimental group, PD-induced model) or saline solution (control group, non-PD-induced model), followed by intracerebral infusions of aminophylline. The assessments included catalepsy testing on the bar and gait analysis using the Open Field Maze. A two-way repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey's post hoc tests, was employed to evaluate the impact of groups (experimental × control), aminophylline (60 nM × 120 nM × saline/placebo), and interactions. Significance was set at 5%. The results revealed that the systemic administration of haloperidol in the experimental group increased catalepsy and dysfunction of gait that paralleled the observations in PD. Co-treatment with aminophylline at 60 nM and 120 nM reversed catalepsy in the experimental group but did not restore the normal gait pattern of the animals. In the non-PD induced group, which did not present any signs of catalepsy or motor dysfunctions, the intracerebral dose of aminophylline did not exert any interference on reaction time for catalepsy but increased walking distance in the Open Field Maze. Considering the results, this study highlights important adenosine interactions in the basal ganglia of animals with and without signs comparable to those of PD. These findings offer valuable insights into the neurobiology of PD and emphasize the importance of exploring novel therapeutic strategies to improve patient's catalepsy and gait.

Proportions of mineral and organomineral fertilizers in onion cultivation

Organomineral fertilizers is an innovation in agriculture, since it uses organic matter enriched with minerals. The combination of mineral phosphate and organomineral fertilization can contribute to the development of a more sustainable and economical fertilization program for the crop. So, organomineral fertilization can be an alternative or complement to mineral fertilization. However, the careful selection of fertilizer sources and doses is essential to increase productivity in the onion crop and finding proportions between different fertilizers can be a promising choice for sustainable agriculture. The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of different proportions of mineral and organomineral fertilizers on the development, production and post-harvest quality of onion bulbs, cv. Sublime F1, under Cerrado conditions. The experiment was carried out in the field, in Cristalina, GO, Brazil, in a randomized block design, with four replications. Six treatments were used: five proportions of mineral fertilizer (M) with organomineral (OM) and the control (without additional fertilization). It was evaluated: length, width and number of leaves; productivity; soluble solids content; titratable acidity; and loss of fresh mass. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA), at 1% (p≤0.01) and 5% (p≤0.05) of significance, and means compared by Tukey and Dunnett tests (p≤0.01 and p≤0.05). The fertilization proportions were submitted to regression (p≤0.05). The proportion of 50%M50%OM promotes higher bulb average mass and class 4 onion productivity. The proportions of fertilizers did not alter the postharvest characteristics (total soluble solids and total acidity) of the onion, which were affected only by the time of storage. Cultivar Sublime F1 showed good development for the region, conditions and fertilizers used.

Differences in Archery Skill Results for Vocational School Students and Beginners Based on Shooting Distance

This research aims to examine differences in archery skill scores for Vocational High School (SMK) students among beginners based on the shooting target distance factors of 5 meters, 10 meters, and accumulated distances of 5 and 10 meters. The sample for this research was 16 male and female students from classes XA, XB and XIA, taken using the cluster random sampling method. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and inferential factorial one-way Anova. One-way anova test results Sig. 0.030 &lt; 0.05 means there is a significant difference in the average of the three students' archery skill score results at a distance of 5 m, a distance of 10 m, and an accumulated distance of 5 and 10 m. First Post Hoc follow-up test Sig value. 0.088 &gt; 0.05, meaning that there is no significant difference between the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 5 m and a shooting distance of 10 m. Post Hoc follow-up test for both Sig values. 0.917 &gt; 0.05, meaning that there is no significant difference in the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 5 m with accumulated shooting distances of 5 and 10 m. Post Hoc follow-up test for the three Sig values. 0.036 &gt; 0.05, meaning that the results of students' archery skills at a shooting distance of 10 m with an accumulated shooting distance of 5 and 10 m have a significant difference. Thus, it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the average of the three students' archery skill score results at a distance of 5 m, a distance of 10 m, and an accumulated distance of 5 and 10. The findings of this study suggest the design of an archery training program for beginners, including consideration of starting from a shorter distance and gradually increasing the shooting distance, as well as carrying out various training techniques with a combination of exercises at various appropriate distances and giving priority to the consistency of technical movements and body posture. while archery. Keywords: Differences, Skills Archery, Vocational School Students, Beginners, Shooting Range

Preoperative Differentiation of HER2-Zero and HER2-Low from HER2-Positive Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers Using BI-RADS MRI Features and Machine Learning Modeling.

Accurate determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is important for choosing optimal HER2 targeting treatment strategies. HER2-low is currently considered HER2-negative, but patients may be eligible to receive new anti-HER2 drug conjugates. To use breast MRI BI-RADS features for classifying three HER2 levels, first to distinguish HER2-zero from HER2-low/positive (Task-1), and then to distinguish HER2-low from HER2-positive (Task-2). Retrospective. 621 invasive ductal cancer, 245 HER2-zero, 191 HER2-low, and 185 HER2-positive. For Task-1, 488 cases for training and 133 for testing. For Task-2, 294 cases for training and 82 for testing. 3.0 T; 3D T1-weighted DCE, short time inversion recovery T2, and single-shot EPI DWI. Pathological information and BI-RADS features were compared. Random Forest was used to select MRI features, and then four machine learning (ML) algorithms: decision tree (DT), support vector machine (SVM), k-nearest neighbors (k-NN), and artificial neural nets (ANN), were applied to build models. Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance, and Kruskal-Wallis test were performed. The P values <0.05 were considered statistically significant. For ML models, the generated probability was used to construct the ROC curves. Peritumoral edema, the presence of multiple lesions and non-mass enhancement (NME) showed significant differences. For distinguishing HER2-zero from non-zero (low + positive), multiple lesions, edema, margin, and tumor size were selected, and the k-NN model achieved the highest AUC of 0.86 in the training set and 0.79 in the testing set. For differentiating HER2-low from HER2-positive, multiple lesions, edema, and margin were selected, and the DT model achieved the highest AUC of 0.79 in the training set and 0.69 in the testing set. BI-RADS features read by radiologists from preoperative MRI can be analyzed using more sophisticated feature selection and ML algorithms to build models for the classification of HER2 status and identify HER2-low. Stage 2.

Developing and validating a scale to measure trauma-informed practices used by teachers in inclusive schools in Ghana and the United Arab Emirates

Research on trauma-informed practices is common in Western countries, but non-Western countries have made minimal contributions in this regard. This study aimed to develop an instrument which could be used to measure perceived competence of teachers in the implementation of trauma-informed practices for students with disabilities in Ghana and the United Arab Emirates (UAE). The Teacher Trauma Management Scale (TTMS), developed using the trauma framework by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration was used to collect data from 514 teachers in Ghana (n 270) and the UAE (n = 244). Data were subjected to confirmatory factor analysis) and a two-way factorial analysis of variance was conducted. While one hypothesis was supported by the study findings, the other was only partially supported. The findings provided theoretical and structural support for the newly developed TTMS in a non-Western context. This study highlights the need to develop contextual trauma management training models or a curriculum for training teachers.