Analysis Of Traffic Accidents Research Articles

Methods of Accident Reconstruction and Investigation Given the Parameters of Vehicle Condition and Road Environment

Abstract Advanced mathematical and static methods of processing of the results of experimental studies, comparison of the obtained data with the works of authors investigating traffic safety, analysis, reconstruction and investigation of road traffic accidents, as well as expert analysis helped to identify the most relevant parameters of the vehicle condition and the road environment necessary for automobile technical expert evaluation (e.g. the friction coefficient, vehicle braking performance under different loads on all categories of roads with different types of road surface, roughness, wheel tracking, hydraulic roughness) and to obtain their actual values that are important for expert studies; and that was proved by experiments. The developed method of reconstruction and investigation of accidents implies calculation of state parameters of the vehicle and the road environment on the basis of the type of the investigated accident and geometric characteristics of the accident place.

The Research of Driver Distraction by Visual Smog on Selected Road Stretch in Slovakia

Driver distraction is one of the most common cause of traffic accidents in all countries. The previous research has shown that digital billboards can take the driver attention for more than one second. Therefore, the aim of the article is to research how can visual smog influence the driver behaviour. The road stretch in Žilina has been chosen for measuring the driver distraction by visual smog next to the road. The analysis of visual smog and traffic accidents on the selected road is included in article. Eye tracking glasses has been used to scan the gaze of driver eye. Part of the experiment was EEG device, used to record brainwave data during the testing of impact of visual smog to driver. The results regarding of driver gaze at visual smog are awful considering that the average dwell time of one billboard was more than a half second. On the other side, the average dwell time of traffic sign was only 0,2 second. In generally we can state that visual smog can influence the driver behaviour which can lead to traffic accident. For all that it is necessary to reduce the increased number of visual smog next to the road which can lead to fewer traffic accidents.

SIMULATION MODELING IN IMPROVING PEDESTRIANS’ SAFETY AT NON-SIGNALIZED CROSSWALKS

Summary. The paper presents an analysis of road traffic accidents at non-signalized pedestrian crosswalks. A field study was conducted to...

A Novel Framework to Use Association Rule Mining for classification of traffic accident severity

Introduction: Traffic accidents are an undesirable burden on society. Every year around one million deaths and more than ten million injuries are reported due to traffic accidents. Hence, traffic accidents prevention measures must be taken to overcome the accident rate. Different countries have different geographical and environmental conditions and hence the accident factors diverge in each country. Traffic accident data analysis is very useful in revealing the factors that affect the accidents in different countries. This article was written in the year 2016 in the Institute of Technology & Science, Mohan Nagar, Ghaziabad, up, India. Methology: We propose a framework to utilize association rule mining (arm) for the severity classification of traffic accidents data obtained from police records in Mujjafarnagar district, Uttarpradesh, India. Results: The results certainly reveal some hidden factors which can be applied to understand the factors behind road accidentality in this region. Conclusions: The framework enables us to find three clusters from the data set. Each cluster represents a type of accident severity, i.e. fatal, major injury and minor/no injury. The association rules exposed different factors that are associated with road accidents in each category. The information extracted provides important information which can be employed to adapt preventive measures to overcome the accident severity in Muzzafarnagar district.

Traffic Accident Analysis based on Geographic Information

Traffic Accident Analysis based on Geographic Information

A Study on Development of Traffic Accident Public Data Analysis System Using Hadoop

A Study on Development of Traffic Accident Public Data Analysis System Using Hadoop

자전거 교통 사고 현황 및 예측 분석

국내의 자전거 이용 활성화 정책에 따라 자전거 노선 및 자전거 교통 인프라가 계속 확장되는 추세이다. 자전거 인구가 증가함에 따라 해마다 자전거 교통사고도 증가하고 있다. 본 논문은 도로교통공단의 2007년부터 2014년까지의 자전거 교통사고 데이터를 분석하여 교통사고 현황에 대한 통계량을 제시하였다. 또한 기상청의 종관기상관측소 서울지점의 기상 정보를 활용하여 서울지역의 일별 교통사고 발생 건수에 대한 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 그리고 의사결정 트리 분석 방법을 적용하여 교통사고 정보의 교통사고 심각도를 분류 예측하였다. 이러한 기술 분석 및 예측 분석을 통해 향후 자전거 교통사고 예방을 위한 자전거 교통사고 데이터 수집 정책 및 사고 예방 대책 수립에 도움이 되고자 한다.

P18 The analysis of traffic accidents in Uludag university medical faculty emergency service between 2011–2013, Bursa

P18 The analysis of traffic accidents in Uludag university medical faculty emergency service between 2011–2013, Bursa

Risk of motor vehicle collisions associated with medical conditions and medications: rationale and study protocol.

Medical conditions and medications may be associated with motor vehicle collisions (MVCs), which pose a major public health problem worldwide. Further epidemiological assessment is necessary for certain diseases and medications. Moreover, since disease aetiology and patterns of medication use may differ among ethnicities and healthcare systems, a population-specific approach is necessary. The present epidemiological study is designed to assess the medical conditions and medications associated with the risk of fatal MVCs among at-fault drivers in the Korean population. A retrospective cohort will be constructed for individuals who died in MVCs between 2005 and 2014 in the Korean Traffic Accident Analysis System database, which is linked to the Korean National Health Insurance database between 2002 and 2014. In order to compare medical conditions and medication use among drivers who died in a fatal MVC with the general population, standardised prevalence ratios will be calculated. In the culpability study, we will identify conditions and drugs associated with MVCs, comparing drivers with higher levels of responsibility to those with lower levels of responsibility. In the case-crossover study, the transient effects of medical conditions and medications will be examined using a conditional logistic regression model that adjusts for confounders. The results of this study will help to characterise the associations of diseases and medications with fatal MVCs in an Asian population, with the goal of informing regulatory and clinical decision-making regarding patients with the relevant conditions and the establishment of strategies for improving traffic safety.

A Study on the Physical Environmental Factors Influencing Pedestrian Traffic Accidents in Seoul, Korea : Focused on the 2014 TAAS Data

During the past decades, the paradigm of transportation planning has shifted from automobile-centered to pedestrian-oriented perspectives in Korea. In the context of this paradigm shift, this study examines the relationships between physical environmental factors and the pedestrian traffic accidents. Using the 2014 Traffic Accident Analysis System (TAAS) data, including traffic accidents of pedestrians in Seoul, Korea, we identify important physical environmental variables that influence pedestrian traffic accidents. With negative binomial regression models by the level of injury, we analyze demographic and socioeconomic factors, road physical environments, and land-use factors. Key findings and implications can be organized into following four parts. First, the number of lanes shows negative associations with pedestrian safety. Road diet projects such as lane reduction and narrow road may improve pedestrian safety. Second, although the median exclusive bus lane is convenient and beneficial to citizens, it has negative impacts to pedestrian’s safety. Public policies should be considered to improve pedestrian’s safety near the median exclusive bus station. Third, high density and mixed land use have negative impacts on pedestrian safety. The compact development strategies with transit-oriented development should consider pedestrian’s safety and walking-friendly environment. Finally, we suggest the policy implications for safer walking environments.

Analysis of Traffic Accidents Leading to Death Using Tripod Beta Method in Yazd, Iran

This study tried to find the original causes of road accidents to prevent their occurrence. This was a descriptive-analytic retrospective study which assessed 1,000 cases of road accidents leading to death during 2003-2013 using the Tripod Beta method. The latent problems, the contributing preconditions, and corrective strategies for the prevention of occurrence of these accidents were determined. The findings of this study revealed that violation of traffic safety rules, especially deliberate violations and risk-takings decreased with increasing age. In comparative status of the superficial problems, illegal and impermissible speed of drivers accounted for 19.10%, in comparative status of preconditions, violation of safety rules accounted for 32.6% and finally, in comparative status of the latent problems, the presence of financial constraints and time pressure in designing and manufacturing of the cars, and quality of city streets, roads, accounted for 20.1%, of the leading causes of occurrence of accidents in this study.

충청권 비도심 지역의 교통안전기술 설계 및 적용

Abstract In previous research, we analyzed traffic accident characteristics in the Chungcheong region through factoranalysis, cluster analysis, and a questionnaire using traffic accident analysis system data to enhance Korea's traffic safety. Based on the analysis results, we investigated the design and application of traffic safety technology in non-urban areas in this study. Three technologies are proposed to improve traffic safety facilities for the region: arecognition light at pedestrian crossing works, a recognition light on the road for the underprivileged in traffic works,and a safety LED sign for operation of agricultural machine works. Each technology complements the light pollution problem about snow removal and road safety when applied to existing facilities in the non-urban areas. Solar-basedindigenous technology is expected to contribute to road safety in rural areas. Keywords : Traffic Accident, Safety Facilities, Safety Facilities Design, Test-bed Application 본 연구는 국토교통부 국토교통기술 지역특성화사업의 연구비지원(15RDRP-B066173-03)과 충남대학교에 의해 수행되었음.

Determination of Selected Crash Parameters in Head-on Vehicle Collision with Rollover

The paper presents complete results of the head-on small overlap crash test of vehicle with driver moving at a speed of approximately 12 m/s against stationary vehicle with post-crash rollover. When a crash does not involve the main crush-zone structures, the occupant compartment is not well protected. The emphasis in the paper was put on determination and presentation of crash parameters for the application in traffic accident analyses and for simulation with the help of software for accident reconstruction. The experimentally measured data from the crash test were analysed and important crash parameters which are necessary for accident reconstruction were obtained. The crash test was specific because of rollover of the impacting vehicle resulting from small overlap. The results have shown that small overlap accident is extremely dangerous for the crew with the possibility of vehicle rollover and occupant head and neck injury. Also in this case, at relative low speed, the driver suffered light neck and head injury in the following days and the longitudinal damage was relatively large. The input parameters for accident reconstruction software as the result of performed crash test were gained.

A Traffic Accident Causation Analysis Method Based on AHP-Apriori

The multivariate, layered nature of traffic accident analysis (TAA) determines that any TAA method must be categorized according to causational factors and encompass all four basic traffic elements, i.e. driver, vehicle, road and environment. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to sequence accident causation factors according to their relative importance, with the purpose of singling out the most influential ones. The Apriori algorithm is then applied to analyze the degree of an accident or the level of influence. Through applications, the method proves itself capable of determining the type and severity of accidents caused by multiple factors. The method also demonstrates improvement in the accuracy and efficiency of calculation in dealing with large data samples.

The Analysis of Serious Fatal Road Traffic Accidents in China

A large number of road traffic accidents occur each year in China, which results in huge losses to the safety of people’s lives and property. Among all accidents, the accident with over 10 fatalities in one accident is extraordinarily serious, which has immeasurable impact on the security. In this paper, we defined these accidents as serious fatal road traffic accidents (SF-RTAs). The aim of this study was to analyze SF-RTAs in China and its provinces and investigate the causes of SF-RTAs. Firstly, we described and analyzed the annual trend of SF-RTAs based on the data from 1990 to 2014. Then we analyzed region, time and accident type distribution characteristics of SF-RTAs during 2004-2014. Then the main factors influencing SF-RTAs were analyzed by linear regression and decision tree methods. Finally, we proposed corresponding control strategies for preventing SF-RTAs according to the analysis results. It is expected that the findings of this study are useful in indentifying effective prevention measures for serious fatal accidents in China, and protecting human lives and properties.

Analysis of a Traffic Accident in Turkey

No.2918 Turkish Highway Traffic Act has been the reference legislation for traffic accidents in Turkey since 1983. Although this act consists of several explanations and definitions, it has still deficiencies especially in defining fault rates which are vital for traffic accident analyses. Accident experts determine fault rates mostly according to their initiatives without conducting scientific analyses on accidents due to inadequate quantitative instructions on fault rates in the act. Speed analyses of accident involvements play an important role in accident investigations. A more comprehensive parameter, Energy Equivalent Speed, may be defined to explain dissipation and severity of deformation energy and crush amounts formed on vehicles which also give hint about fault rates. In this study, accessible data were collected from a sample accident scene (police reports, skid marks, deformation situations, crush depths etc.) and used as inputs for an accident reconstruction software called “vCrash” which is able to simulate the accident scene in 2D and 3D. Energy equivalent speed calculations were achieved using 784 parameters with a prediction error. Multi-layer Feed Forward Neural Network and Generalized Regression Neural Network models were utilized for estimation of energy equivalent speeds (speeds just before the collision, i.e., in case of absence of skid marks) based on using these parameters as teaching data for the models. It was aimed that, by benefiting from these neural network methods, necessity of using expensive simulation softwares for probable accidents in future may be avoided. In order to observe performance of the neural network models, standard error of estimates (mean square error) and multiple correlation coefficients were also analyzed using 5-fold cross validation on the dataset. It was observed that, in general, Multi-layer Feed Forward Neural Network model yielded better results for both energy equivalent speed and fault rate analyses. Based on simulation results (energy equivalent speeds and deformations) and assumption of a fault rate scale, fault rates were estimated on prediction models by assuming correspondence of every predetermined increment in energy equivalent speed of specific involvement to a specific increment in fault rate of the same involvement to put forward a scientific and systematic approach and compensate deficiencies in the act.

Traffic Accident Analysis of Sun Glare and Twilight Shortly Before and after Sunset in Chiba Prefecture, Japan

Traffic accidents shortly before and after sunset in Chiba were analyzed. The rate of traffic accidents shortly after sunset was found to be higher than at any other time, whereas the rate shortly before sunset was found to be lower. Traffic accidents caused by sun glare tended not to occur shortly before sunset, because the presence of topographic features meant that the sun had already effectively set. The rate of pedestrian accidents shortly after sunset was higher than that of any other time; the rate shortly before sunset was slightly lower than in day and shortly after sunset, because it was not dark and drivers were not dazzled by sun glare before sunset. However, it is already the case that many vehicle headlights are on shortly after sunset, so it is difficult to decrease pedestrian accidents only by advising drivers to use their lights in the hour before sunset.

Desenvolvimento de uma plataforma web de apoio ao gerenciamento de acidentes de trânsito

<p>A inexistência de informações que caracterizam o trânsito nos municípios brasileiros tem dificultado a realização de ações/projetos para a melhoria do fluxo e diminuição de acidentes nas vias. Dessa forma, este estudo apresenta uma plataforma para a coleta, armazenamento e análise de dados detalhados dos acidentes de trânsito, através de um aplicativo informatizado e vinculado à internet. Utilizou-se a cidade de Passo Fundo/RS como local piloto para teste desse sistema, devido à disponibilidade dos órgãos gestores em fornecer os dados dos registros de acidentes de trânsito. A implementação do banco de dados permitiu centralizar e armazenar todas as informações, para que sejam utilizadas como pesquisa de informação e favoreçam no processo de tomada de decisão pelas autoridades competentes na melhoria do sistema viário. Além disso, o sistema está interligado com as APIs do Google, resultando numa rápida análise geoespacial da distribuição e da classificação dos acidentes ocorridos dentro de um determinado período.</p>

Energy Analysis of Road Accidents Based on Close-Range Photogrammetry

This paper presents an efficient and low-cost approach for energy analysis of road accidents using images obtained using consumer-grade digital cameras and smartphones. The developed method could be used by security forces in order to improve the qualitative and quantitative analysis of traffic accidents. This role of the security forces is crucial to settle arguments; consequently, the remote and non-invasive collection of accident related data before the scene is modified proves to be essential. These data, taken in situ, are the basis to perform the necessary calculations, basically the energy analysis of the road accident, for the corresponding expert reports and the reconstruction of the accident itself, especially in those accidents with important damages and consequences. Therefore, the method presented in this paper provides the security forces with an accurate, three-dimensional, and scaled reconstruction of a road accident, so that it may be considered as a support tool for the energy analysis. This method has been validated and tested with a real crash scene simulated by the local police in the Academy of Public Safety of Extremadura, Spain.

Relation between vehicle travel velocity and pedestrian injury risk in different age groups for the design of a pedestrian detection system

The vehicle travel velocity at the moment of pedestrian contact is considered to be an important parameter that affects the accident outcome. To reduce the vehicle-to-pedestrian travel velocity, a pedestrian detection system using a sensor in a vehicle could be an effective countermeasure. The specifications of the pedestrian detection system will need to be designed properly based on real-world accident situations. Then, the purpose of this study is to clarify the relation between vehicle travel velocity and pedestrian injury severity or fatality risk in traffic accident analyses in order to propose specifications of a pedestrian detection system. We analyzed the relation using the Institute for Traffic Accident Research and Data Analysis (ITARDA) database for 2009 in Japan, considering different factors including a vehicle type and pedestrian age in actual traffic accidents. The results indicate that the percentage risk of fatality was consistent between sedans and light passenger cars at every vehicle travel velocity, rising sharply at a vehicle travel velocity of 40km/h. Meanwhile, in car-to-pedestrian accidents involving sedans and light passenger cars, pedestrians aged 60 and over faced the higher risk of fatality, which increased rapidly at the vehicle travel velocity of 40km/h. Therefore, the present study proposes that the specifications of the pedestrian detection system should be designed so that the vehicle travel velocity in traffic accidents could be reduced to 30km/h or lower, when we consider the decrease of fatality.