Analysis Of Survey Data Research Articles

Perceptions of Responsibilities by Primary Care Staff in a Patient-Centered Medical Home.

To examine the extent to which Veterans Health Administration (VHA) Patient-Aligned Care Team (PACT) members have a shared understanding/ agreement upon and enact responsibilities within the team. The PACT model focuses on team-based care management. However, lack of a shared understanding of team-based care management roles and responsibilities makes system-wide implementation a challenge. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of national survey data collected in 2022 from primary care personnel working in a VHA-affiliated primary care facility. Significant discrepancies exist in responses about what core team members say they do and what others perceive they should be doing, indicating either a lack of agreement, knowledge, or training about what core team members should do. Successful implementation of a team-based model requires adequate support and training for teamwork including shared mental models to work according to their clinical competency. Clear guidance and communication of expectations are critical for role clarity.

Effects of Mobi’s equity initiatives on public bike share access and use

Since its launch, Vancouver’s public bike share system has implemented changes to reduce barriers, enhance uptake, and make bike sharing more equitable. These include hiring an equity coordinator, expanding the service area, adding e-bikes to the fleet, reducing the age eligibility, reducing financial barriers through their Community Pass, and partnering with community organizations. We used a mixed methods study design to assess the impact of these initiatives on access to and use of public bike share. We found that the service area expansion reduced inequities in spatial access by socioeconomic status, age, and race, but higher socioeconomic status and white populations continue to have better access. Our analysis of system and survey data, and interviews with community organizations, revealed how the Community Pass is enhancing transport justice by expanding the benefits of bike share and improving access to opportunities for more diverse populations.

War-related Life Course Stress and Late Life Subjective Age in Northern Vietnam

Abstract Background and Objectives The role of early life stressors in subjective aging is weakly understood, especially in low- to middle-income countries. This paper investigated how early life stressors encountered in armed conflict influence subjective age among Vietnamese older adults who experienced war over decades of their early life. Research Design and Methods We analyzed survey data from the 2018 Vietnam Health and Aging Study involving 2,447 Vietnamese older adults who encountered diverse war-related stressors in early adulthood. The analytical sample (N=2,341) included 50.9% women and 49.1% men, with an average age of 69.8. 41.1% are military veterans. We conducted survey-adjusted multinomial logistic regression analyses with mediation to predict the probability of feeling younger or older than one’s chronological age. We examined how childhood adversity (i.e., childhood hunger and low parental SES) and wartime stressors (i.e., war-related violence, malevolent environment, and military service) influenced late-life subjective age, both directly and as mediated by late-life mental, functional, and physical health. Results We found significant associations between early adulthood war-related stressors and subjective age. Formal military service significantly lessened the relative risk of feeling subjectively old, and more plentiful wartime violence exposures significantly increased the risk of feeling younger than one’s chronological age. Violence exposure’s effects were both direct and indirect through functional and mental health. Conversely, greater exposure to wartime malevolent conditions (e.g., shortages of clean water and evacuations) and multiple episodes of severe hunger in childhood increased the risk of feeling older, effects both direct and mediated by late-life functional and mental health. Discussion and Implications Results suggest wartime stressors, especially war’s malevolent environments and severe childhood hunger, experienced in many conflict-affected populations globally, have the potential to subjectively ‘age’ survivors. Yet, not all war exposures are equal, and some may yield psychological and socioeconomic resources that support healthy aging.

Exploring the Intersections of Artificial Intelligence, Organizational Behavior, and Communication Dynamics in the Modern Workplace

Purpose: While organisations struggle to improve efficiency and productivity, the interaction between AI, organisational behaviour, and communication dynamics tends to be complex in the rapidly evolving modern workplace. Moreover, understanding the implications of this intersection is necessary to encourage a balanced and effective workplace. Hence, employing AI technologies in organisational structures introduces challenges such as workforce adaptation, psychological impact, and communication patterns. This research explored how AI influences organisational behaviour and communication dynamics in the modern workplace. Study design/methodology/approach: This study used a mixed method to explore organisational behaviour and communication dynamics across diverse industries comprehensively. This questionnaire aimed to gather respondents’ experiences, focusing on organisational behaviour and communication dynamics. Furthermore, in-depth interviews were conducted with key stakeholders (n = 13) to obtain additional insights into goodness and trustworthiness. These interviews offered more depth and richness, providing insights into organisational settings. This mixed methodology ensured a complex understanding of the research problem, leveraging quantitative and qualitative data to enhance the analysis. Findings: The research findings revealed the pathways to how AI influences organisational behaviour and communication dynamics. Initial analysis of survey data and interviews offered insights into employee perceptions, identifying potential challenges and opportunities. One major trait emerging from data analysis is employees’ unstable levels of apprehension and enthusiasm regarding AI integration. While many view it as a mechanism for efficiency, productivity, and innovation, others indicate distress about job shifts and loss of autonomy. Understanding and adopting these opposing insights are fundamental for encouraging a positive organisational ecosystem for AI readiness and adoption. Originality/value: By examining the impact of AI on employees’ attitudes, collaboration, and communication patterns, this research contributes viable insights for organisations navigating the integration of AI into their structures.

Politically Driven Intentional News Avoidance under Democratic Backsliding

While extant research on news avoidance has been conducted mainly in democratic societies, this article examines intentional news avoidance in a society undergoing severe democratic backsliding. Given the decline of political freedom and democratic institutions, citizens in such contexts may become frustrated with ongoing political change and withdraw from public affairs and the news. This could result in a form of intentional, politically driven, and topical news avoidance. At the individual level, such news avoidance is likely to be influenced by political attitudes, ability to adapt, and news affect and cognition. Analysis of survey data from post-National Security Law Hong Kong finds that negative news affect and perceived news efficacy explain intentional avoidance of news about social and political change, whereas political trust, belief in civil liberties, and adaptiveness relate to news avoidance only indirectly through negative news affect and perceived news efficacy. Theoretical implications of the findings are discussed.

The Effect of Administrative Burden Perception on Citizen Participation: A Barrier or a Spur?

What effect does administrative burden have on citizen participation? In this article, we integrated administrative burden into the calculus model of participation, elucidating its dual role in citizen participation based on the nature of participatory activities. By analyzing survey data about grassroots governance from about 3,000 residents in China, we discern that administrative burden perception acts as an impediment to government-initiated contacts. However, it appears to be positively associated with citizen-initiated contacts, especially for people who are over 40 and who live in urban areas. Our findings expand the calculus model of citizen participation and underscore the significance of differentiating participation types in examining the complex role of administrative burden perception on citizen participation. The findings also provide policy implications, suggesting the importance of alleviating administrative burden in citizen-state interactions and genuinely empowering citizens in community activities.

Primary Care Organizational Support for Nurse Practitioner Practice and Emotional Health Care Delivery.

Nurse practitioners (NPs) are key to delivery of primary care services. However, poor organizational support for independent NP practice, such as lack of access to clinic resources, may lead to prioritizing patient physical health over emotional health. We investigated the relationship between organizational support for independent NP practice and emotional health care delivery. This was a secondary analysis of cross-sectional survey data collected from 397 NPs in 2017. We measured organizational support for independent NP practice using the independent practice and support subscale of the NP Primary Care Organizational Climate Questionnaire. Emotional health care delivery was measured by asking NPs how frequently they addressed emotional concerns of patients. We utilized multilevel mixed effects linear regression models, adjusting for NP and practice covariates. Controlling for NP age, gender, marital status, race, and ethnicity, along with practice setting and size, as the independent practice and support score increased, NPs reported addressing emotional concerns of patients more frequently (beta = 0.34, 95% confidence interval = 0.02-0.66, P = 0.04). This indicates that as organizations provided more support for independent NP practice, NPs were able to more frequently address emotional concerns of patients. Organizational support for independent NP practice is associated with addressing emotional concerns of patients. To support NP practice, primary care organizations should ensure that NPs manage patients independently and have access to ancillary staff and support for care management.

Factors associated with the co-utilization of oral rehydration solution and zinc for treating diarrhea among under-five children in 35 sub-saharan Africa countries: a generalized linear mixed effect modeling with robust error variance

IntroductionEven though childhood diarrhea is treated with a simple treatment solution, it continues to be one of the leading causes of under-five child mortality and malnutrition globally. In resource-limited settings such as Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), the combination of oral rehydration salts (ORS) and zinc is regarded as an effective treatment for diarrhea; however, its utilization is very low. The purpose of this study was to determine the proportion and associated factors of co-utilization of ORS and zinc among under-five children with diarrhea in SSA.MethodsThe proportion and associated factors of co-utilization of ORS and zinc among under-five children with diarrhea in SSA were determined using secondary data analysis of recent Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) of 35 SSA countries. The study included a total of 44,341 under-five children with diarrhea in weighted samples. A generalized linear mixed-effects model with robust error variance was used. For the variables included in the final model, adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. A model with the lowest deviance value were considered as the best-fitted model.ResultThe pooled proportion of co-utilization of ORS and zinc for the treatment of diarrhea among under five children in SSA countries was 43.58% with a 95% CI (43.15%, 44.01%). Sex of the child, maternal age, residence, maternal educational and employment status, wealth index, media exposure, perceived distance to health facility and insurance coverage were statistically significant determinants of ORS and Zinc co-utilization for treating diarrhea among under five children in SSA.ConclusionOnly less than half of under-five children with diarrhea in SSA were treated with a combination of ORS and zinc. Thus, strengthening information dissemination through mass media, and community-level health education programs are important to scale up the utilization of the recommended combination treatment. Furthermore, increasing health insurance coverage, and establishing strategies to address the community with difficulty in accessing health facilities is also crucial in improving the use of the treatment.

Planning for Urban Sustainability through Residents’ Wellbeing: The Effects of Nature Interactions, Social Capital, and Socio-Demographic Factors

The COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine how varied environmental and social factors in urban environments affect human wellbeing, which is an important dimension of urban sustainability. Past research has focused on individual dimensions of health and isolated nature interactions, limiting knowledge about how different environmental and social factors affect distinct aspects of residents’ wellbeing. Through quantitative analyses of social survey and environmental data in metropolitan Phoenix, Arizona (USA), we explored how distinct nature recreation activities—along with nature satisfaction and social capital—affected residents’ subjective, mental, and physical wellbeing across diverse neighborhoods during the COVID-19 pandemic, controlling for socio-demographics. Results reveal how distinct drivers shape different dimensions of wellbeing. Perceived social and environmental attributes of neighborhoods and proximity to nature preserves were associated with subjective wellbeing, while park visitation was linked to physical health. Nature interactions largely were unrelated to mental health. Changes in nature recreation during the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly impact any dimension of wellbeing. Our research suggests that multiple local environmental and social features should be considered when designing healthy communities for urban sustainability.

The quality of government conditions political disagreement over redistributive policies

ABSTRACT This study argues that the quality of government structures the divide of public opinion on redistribution within countries. Countries with higher government quality have both the capacity and impartiality required to implement effective and fair redistribution. In effect, material self-interest and fairness-based evaluations should become better predictors of policy preferences in countries with higher government quality. An empirical analysis of survey data from 40 institutionally diverse countries supports this theory. Interaction regression models show that the government quality moderates the effects of income and unfairness perceptions on redistribution preferences. Both preference drivers are more strongly associated with redistribution support in countries with higher government quality. Preferences thereby become more heterogeneous in higher-quality settings. The results offer micro-level support for the theory that government quality structures politics and policies via the public opinion channel. To the extent that public opinion influences political behavior and policymaking, higher government quality should induce a stronger economic left-right divide over these political phenomena.

Motivational Effecting on Career Education Choice of Electrical Engineering Course for Community College in Thailand by Survey Data Analysis

Motivational Effecting on Career Education Choice of Electrical Engineering Course for Community College in Thailand by Survey Data Analysis

News participation is declining: Evidence from 46 countries between 2015 and 2022

Digital media are often praised for having offered new ways to participate with news. But how has participation with news changed in recent years? A pre-registered analysis of survey data from 2015 to 2022 in 46 countries ( N = 577,859) shows that participation with news has declined. This decrease is observed in most countries and for most forms of participation, including liking, sharing, commenting on news on social media and talking about the news offline. The only form of participation that has increased is news sharing via private messaging apps. Overall, participation with news was higher among younger people, the university-educated, those with high interest in news and those with low trust in news. Over time, participation has declined more for those with lower trust in news, those without a bachelor’s degree and for women. Within countries, increases in political polarization were associated with lower participation.

U.S. beef producer perspectives on “sustainable beef” and implications for sustainability transitions

Beef production systems are at the center of ongoing discussion and debate on food systems sustainability. There is a growing interest among beef producers, consumers, and other beef supply chain stakeholders in achieving greater sustainability within the industry, but the relationship of this interest to general sustainability issues such as climate change, biodiversity loss, food security, livelihood risks, and animal welfare concerns is unclear. Specifically, there is very little research documenting how beef producers define and view the concept of sustainability and how to achieve it. Producer perspectives are critical to identifying constraints to sustainability transitions or to help build agreement with other producers about the shared values such transitions may support. Through a secondary analysis of survey data of U.S. beef producers (n = 911) conducted in 2021 by the Trust in Food division of Farm Journal, a corporation that provides content, data, and business insights to the agricultural community (e.g., producers, processors/distributors, and retailers), we investigated what “sustainable beef” means to U.S. beef producers, highlighting the key components and constraints they perceive to achieving desirable sustainability outcomes. Leveraging the three-pillar model of sustainability as a framework for analysis, we identified key themes producers use to define “sustainable beef.” We found that producers collectively viewed sustainability as: (1) multidimensional and interconnected; (2) semi-closed and regenerative; (3) long-lasting; and (4) producer-centered, although an integrated perspective uniting these aspects was rare. We discuss how these perspectives may be the basis for sustainability efforts supported by producers and raise future research considerations toward a shared understanding of what sustainability is and what is needed for enduring sustainability solutions in the U.S. beef industry.

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

Factors Affecting Autistic Students’ School Motivation

Wartime service provision and post-conflict state legitimacy: Perception-based foundation of sustainable development in Northwestern Pakistan

Promoting a peaceful environment is integral for socioeconomic reconstruction in conflict-affected societies. However, the absence of violence does not immediately result in national endeavors for development because a post-conflict state often lacks a popular base of state legitimacy owing to the wartime fragmentation of socio-political groups. Implementing a questionnaire survey in northwestern tribal areas in Pakistan, specifically the former Federally Administered Tribal Areas, this study explores how and why state legitimacy rises and declines as a result of wartime interactions between political actors and civilians. Empirical analyses of novel survey data reveal that wartime service provision is associated with post-conflict sustainable development regarding the civilian perception of legitimacy of the state. State legitimacy is strongly perceived by civilians who have received public services from the state and weakly by those who have been exposed to rebel services. We further disaggregate wartime service provision to explore the influence of providers and variety/types of services. The results indicate that the provision of a wider variety of wartime services impresses upon civilians’ perceived legitimacy; furthermore, while the delivery of basic and extra services beyond justice and security is associated with state legitimacy, the impact is conditional on service providers. State legitimacy has an important role in political stability and national collectivity needed for post-conflict sustainable development. As wartime civil–military relations persistently influence civilians’ perception of political legitimacy, post-conflict reconstruction needs to take locals’ experiences into consideration so that the development initiatives can be legitimate and sustainable.

Higher education instructors’ perceptions of open pedagogy: an exploratory study of open pedagogy definitions in practice

ABSTRACT An increase in open educational practices, such as the use of open educational resources (OER), has caused a wide array of definitions to appear concerning open pedagogy (OP). To help clarify how OP is defined in practice, this study describes the perceptions of instructors who implemented various approaches to OP in post-secondary institutions in the eastern United States. Researchers analysed survey data from faculty who adopted open pedagogy and thematically analysed interviews to understand instructors’ perceptions and implementations of OP. Instructors found value in providing students with more control over class procedures and policies, using and creating OER, and making student learning more visible to the outside world, but voiced concerns regarding the constraints and barriers of OP, the perception of instructors not using OP, and how their OP practices were still developing. These perceptions shaped instructors’ practical definition of OP. Further research is necessary to determine best practices for OP and to better refine OP implementation and definition related to the personnel and resources needed to make pedagogy ‘open.’

“Sex Out of Boredom”: Key Stakeholders’ Perspectives on Teen Pregnancy Prevention in Emerging Immigrant Latino Rural Communities

Abstract Introduction Teen pregnancy (TP) rates are 1.5 times higher among Latina youth than the United States national average and one-third times higher in rural counties. The Socio-Ecological framework recognizes the myriad of issues that impact TP, including four bidirectional levels of influence on teenagers’ behaviors: macro, community, institutional, and interpersonal levels. We aim to fill critical knowledge gaps regarding the influence of key community stakeholders living in rural, Latino-majority communities shaping Latino/a, immigrant adolescents’ TP-related environments. Methods A purposive sample of 48 key stakeholders was drawn from three rural counties (Finney, Ford, and Seward) in southwestern Kansas from 2016 to 2017; participants completed a brief demographic survey and a semi-structured qualitative interview. Qualitative data analysis followed grounded theory within a Socio-Ecological framework, and we used descriptive statistics to analyze survey data. Results Respondents (N = 48) included 5 public health department staff, 8 community health workers, 8 healthcare workers, 9 community members, and 18 high school/college administrators. The mean age was 43 years (SD = 15.5) and 50% self-identified as Latino/a. Recommendations included developing TP prevention education programs for parents, utilizing ongoing events and familiar venues, and keeping content consistent with local culture and norms. Conclusions Key stakeholders’ perceptions regarding TP are often unaccounted for but play a role in shaping youth’s decision-making environments. Policy Implications This information could inform the development of culturally specific TP prevention interventions, especially considering the controversial politics centered on immigration to the U.S. and its negative impact on the overall health of Immigrant Latinos living in the U.S.

Veteran Experiences With an mHealth App to Support Measurement-Based Mental Health Care: Results From a Mixed Methods Evaluation.

Mental health conditions are highly prevalent among US veterans. The Veterans Health Administration (VHA) is committed to enhancing mental health care through the integration of measurement-based care (MBC) practices, guided by its Collect-Share-Act model. Incorporating the use of remote mobile apps may further support the implementation of MBC for mental health care. This study aims to evaluate veteran experiences with Mental Health Checkup (MHC), a VHA mobile app to support remote MBC for mental health. Our mixed methods sequential explanatory evaluation encompassed mailed surveys with veterans who used MHC and follow-up semistructured interviews with a subset of survey respondents. We analyzed survey data using descriptive statistics. We then compared responses between veterans who indicated having used MHC for ≥3 versus <3 months using χ2 tests. We analyzed interview data using thematic analysis. We received 533 surveys (533/2631, for a 20% response rate) and completed 20 interviews. Findings from these data supported one another and highlighted 4 key themes. (1) The MHC app had positive impacts on care processes for veterans: a majority of MHC users overall, and a greater proportion who had used MHC for ≥3 months (versus <3 months), agreed or strongly agreed that using MHC helped them be more engaged in their health and health care (169/262, 65%), make decisions about their treatment (157/262, 60%), and set goals related to their health and health care (156/262, 60%). Similarly, interviewees described that visualizing progress through graphs of their assessment data over time motivated them to continue therapy and increased self-awareness. (2) A majority of respondents overall, and a greater proportion who had used MHC for ≥3 months (versus <3 months), agreed/strongly agreed that using MHC enhanced their communication (112/164, 68% versus 51/98, 52%; P=.009) and rapport (95/164, 58% versus 42/98, 43%; P=.02) with their VHA providers. Likewise, interviewees described how MHC helped focus therapy time and facilitated trust. (3) However, veterans also endorsed some challenges using MHC. Among respondents overall, these included difficulty understanding graphs of their assessment data (102/245, 42%), not receiving enough training on the app (73/259, 28%), and not being able to change responses to assessment questions (72/256, 28%). (4) Interviewees offered suggestions for improving the app (eg, facilitating ease of log-in, offering additional reminder features) and for increasing adoption (eg, marketing the app and its potential advantages for veterans receiving mental health care). Although experiences with the MHC app varied, veterans were positive overall about its use. Veterans described associations between the use of MHC and engagement in their own care, self-management, and interactions with their VHA mental health providers. Findings support the potential of MHC as a technology capable of supporting the VHA's Collect-Share-Act model of MBC.

The impact of herbicide-resistant canola systems on the weed community dynamics in the Canadian Prairies

Increased adoption of no-till and extensive cultivation of herbicide-resistant (HR) crops in low diversity rotations are some of the transformations that occurred during the 1970s-2000s in western Canada. How these transformations in canola-based crop rotations impacted weed communities are not comprehensively studied. Historical data analysis of weed survey data ( Saskatchewan, Manitoba and Alberta) in canola crops and a canola rotation field experiment were used to understand how tillage, herbicide-resistant cropping systems, and frequency of canola in the rotation can impact weed abundance, composition, and diversity in the Canadian prairies. Weed survey data revealed that the frequency of many weed species declined in years after 1995 compared with before 1995, the year HR cultivars were introduced. Gallium spurium (false cleavers) and volunteer wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were the only species showing a continuous increase in frequency throughout the surveyed years. Species richness showed no trajectories but varied depending on climatic conditions. Glyphosate-resistant (G.R.) systems were associated with green foxtail irrespective of their frequency in the rotation. Wild oat was predominant in the longer rotations with glufosinate and imidazolinone-resistant canola. In the field study, weeds associated with pre-herbicide weed control timing were relatively controlled when herbicides were applied (glyphosate and glufosinate), except for foxtail barley (Hordium Jubatum L), which was not controlled in most HR systems. Overall, both weed survey data and field experiment data revealed greater control of most weed species due to growing of HR canola cultivars.

Assessing the role of socio-demographic characteristics, social support and formal disaster assistance in predicting the subjective recovery of flood survivors in Pakistan

ABSTRACT This article investigates the effects of socio-demographic characteristics of the 2010 flood victims, their flood exposure, and social and formal support on post-flood subjective recovery. It seeks to illuminate the factors best correlating with life recovery feelings of the respondents. Regression analysis of survey data showed that period of return to home, annual income, family size, material damage, and social support significantly correlated with the life recovery of respondents. More specifically, the period of return to home and material loss had a negative connection with life recovery feelings of flood victims while the annual income of the respondents, family size, and social support had a positive correlation on their life recovery feelings. Analysis also revealed that formal disaster support had a very negligible correlation with life recovery. However, social support helped to lessen the negative effects of material damage on the life recovery feelings of the survivors. The correlation of annual income with life recovery feelings remained almost constant and significant in all the regression models, showcasing the importance of personal resources to recover from disaster. The study concludes that although both social and formal support are pivotal for post-flood subjective recovery, they face serious limitations. More nuanced longitudinal studies are required to understand the contours of long-term life recovery process.