Analysis Of Survey Data Research Articles

Underweight and associated factors among children under age of five in low and lower-middle income African countries: hierarchical analysis of demographic and health survey data.

Globally, nearly half of all deaths among children under the age of five are linked to undernutrition. These tragic outcomes are most prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. The far-reaching impact of malnutrition affects not only individuals but also their families, communities, and entire nations. By examining underweight, we gain valuable insights into the intricate network of factors influencing child health. Therefore, this study aims to assess underweight prevalence and its associated factors among under-five children in low and lower-middle-income African countries. We conducted a secondary analysis of standard demographic and health surveys in 30 low and lower-middle-income African countries spanning from 2012 to 2022. Our analysis included a total sample of 200,655 children under the age of 5 years. We employed a three-level hierarchical model to assess the determinants of underweight among children in this age group. Measures of association were evaluated using adjusted odds ratios with a 95% confidence interval. Explanatory variables with a p-value less than the level of significance (0.05) were considered statistically significant. The pooled prevalence of underweight among children under the age of five in low and lower-middle income African countries was estimated at 17.60%, with a 95% confidence interval (CI) ranging from 17.44 to 17.77%. The hierarchical analysis identified several factors significantly associated with underweight, including male gender, birth size, maternal body mass index, maternal educational level, household wealth index, antenatal care (ANC) visits, community poverty level, and income level of countries. The high prevalence of underweight among children under the age of five in low and lower-middle income African countries underscores the need for targeted interventions. By addressing individual, community, and country-level factors, we can work toward improving child nutrition and well-being.

For sex, ulterior motives or relief: a latent profile analysis of individuals who sext their relationship partner(s)

ABSTRACT Sexting has emerged as a prevalent avenue for individuals to express their sexuality and desires. To explore the diverse motivations to engage in sexting a comprehensive review of existing literature and analysis of survey data from 109 individuals from the United States (collected online 2019, mean age of 29.0 years, 56% identified as female) we employ Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) to identify distinct profiles of sexting motivations. Three primary profiles emerge: those who sext primarily for sexual purposes, individuals who sext to alleviate relational anxiety and those engaging in sexting for ulterior motives such as body image reinforcement or instrumental/aggressive reasons. Notably, each profile exhibits unique patterns of attachment styles and motivations for engaging in sexting behaviours. While the largest number of participants sext to initiate sexual encounters with their partner(s) (n = 44, 40.4%), a significant subset sexts as a coping mechanism for relational insecurities (n = 34, 31.2%) or with manipulative intentions (n = 31, 28.4%). These findings underscore the complexity of sexting behaviours and highlight the need for tailored interventions and awareness campaigns to promote healthy sexual communication and relationship dynamics. Understanding these diverse motivations is crucial for clinicians, educators and policymakers aiming to address the multifaceted implications of sexting in contemporary society.

Linguistic Diversity and Public Servants’ Turnover Intentions: Theory and Analysis From a Multilingual State

Although approximately a quarter of the world’s countries are officially bilingual or multilingual, the relationship between linguistic diversity and human resource management has largely been overlooked. This article advances research by theoretically considering, and empirically investigating, whether public servants’ ability to use their official language of choice at work is related to their turnover intentions, and whether this relationship is moderated by one’s linguistic minority status. Analysis of survey data from Canada’s full-time permanent public service shows a statistically significant and substantive relationship between public servants’ ability to use their official language of choice at work and their internal and external turnover intentions. Moreover, the results from various hierarchical sequential multivariate models, which build-up to control for employees’ personal characteristics and work environment, suggest that the relationship language of use has with turnover intention is important regardless of whether one is a linguistic minority or a linguistic majority.

Does the livelihood capital of rural households in national parks affect intentions to participate in conservation? A model based on an expanded theory of planned behavior

The purpose of this research was to examine the motivations of rural farmers to participate in community conservation within national parks. An expanded version of the Theory of Planned Behavior was used to explore the impacts of economic and psychological factors on farmer willingness to engage in conservation efforts. In using the livelihood capital concept along with the TPB theory, structural equation modeling was applied to analyze survey data from rural residents within Nanling National Park, Guangdong, China. The attitudes of farmers about the development of the national park and subjective norms significantly affected willingness to participate in community conservation, and the willingness was directly influenced by financial, social, and institutional dimensions of livelihood capital. For certain dimensions of livelihood capital, attitudes and subjective norms mediated willingness to engage in conservation efforts, the affecting path being livelihood capital → subjective norms → attitudes → willingness to participate in community conservation. Perceived behavioral control had a positive moderating effect between attitudes and willingness. The findings help to explain the factors driving rural farmer willingness to engage in community conservation. Socio-psychological factors and institutional capital were particularly instrumental in affecting willingness. Overall, this research reveals how different types of livelihood capital influence community conservation among farmers and the importance of community conservation as a livelihood strategy option, as well as the psychological and economic factors of farmers in a changing institutional environment. Based on the findings, corresponding policy recommendations are presented to improve the effectiveness of community conservation policy, and also provide China's experience and reference for other developing countries to formulate targeted community conservation policies.

Continued use of artificial intelligence coaching services: Application of the value-based acceptance model

We used the value-based acceptance model to examine what drives continued usage of artificial intelligence coaching services. Analyzing survey data from 320 users in South Korea who had engaged in sports activities facilitated by artificial intelligence coaching services, our structural equation modeling results showed that usefulness and enjoyment positively predicted users' perceived value of the services, positively influencing their continued usage intention. Conversely, cost negatively predicted perceived value and complexity did not significantly affect perceived value. Thus, we can conclude that emphasizing benefits and minimizing costs are crucial for enhancing perceived value. Service providers should develop strategies to increase this value to maintain user engagement.

Association of dietary habits with general and abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents: cluster analysis of nationwide population survey data.

Childhood obesity is a growing global health concern, but few studies have investigated dietary factors specifically related to obesity and abdominal obesity in children and adolescents. Herein, we aimed to identify the dietary factors affecting childhood obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey (KNHANES) VIII were analyzed using K-means clustering analysis to identify distinct clusters based on nine variables related to dietary habit, nutritional status, and nutritional education. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association between incident obesity risk and the different clusters. We enrolled 2,290 participants aged 6-18 years, and separated them into two distinct clusters; Healthy and Unhealthy Dietary Habit Groups, clusters 1 and 2, respectively. Cluster 1 was characterized by a lower obesity prevalence, healthier dietary habits (regular breakfast consumption; fruit and vegetable, reduced total energy, and lower protein and fat intakes), and greater nutritional education than Cluster 2. After adjusting for confounders, compared with Cluster 1, Cluster 2 demonstrated a significantly higher prevalence (OR [95% CI]) of both general and abdominal obesity (1.49 [1.05-2.13], p=0.027 and 1.43 [1.09-1.88], p=0.009). Maintaining optimal dietary quality and patterns are crucial to prevent childhood obesity. Further research is warranted to explore specific dietary interventions tailored to different clusters to effectively address childhood obesity.

The impact of social support chatbots on patients’ value co-creation behavior in online health communities: a moderated mediation model

PurposeOnline health communities (OHCs) have emerged on the Internet, substantially changing the conventional healthcare delivery model. Despite this emergence, the lack of patient participation and contribution always limits the success and sustainability of OHCs. Previous studies have disclosed that patients’ value co-creation behavior (VCB) helps organizations sustain OHCs. However, how the recent surge in artificial intelligence (AI) tools, such as social support chatbots (SSCs), drives patients’ VCB is still unknown. Therefore, this study examines the complex mechanism behind patients’ VCB to establish sustainable OHCs.Design/methodology/approachUsing value co-creation and social support theories, the author develops a moderated mediation model and analyzes survey data from 338 respondents using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and artificial neural network (ANN) methods.FindingsResults demonstrate that perceived social support (PSS) from SSCs positively affects VCB directly and indirectly via patient learning (PL). This indirect effect is stronger when patient ability/readiness (PAR) is high. ANN findings highlight the model’s robustness and the significant role of PAR in VCB.Originality/valueThis study’s integrated framework offers unique insights into key drivers of patients’ VCB in OHCs. The findings indicate that PSS from SSCs enhances PL and VCB, with PAR influencing the strength of these relationships. Understanding these dynamics can inform user-centric interventions to promote effective learning and collaboration in OHCs.

Sociodemographic inequalities in cigarette, smokeless tobacco, waterpipe tobacco, and electronic cigarette use among adolescents aged 12-16 years in 114 countries: A cross-sectional analysis.

The majority of users of tobacco and nicotine products start using them in adolescence. In order to keep equity considerations at the forefront of tobacco control, it is crucial to assess whether inequalities in prevalence of tobacco and nicotine use exist among adolescents globally. We conducted a secondary analysis of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data from 538644 school-based adolescents (79.3% aged 13-15 years) in 114 countries (2013-2019). Data were collected on current (past 30-day) use of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, waterpipe tobacco and electronic cigarettes. We used weighted Poisson regression models adjusted for sex, pocket money, and age to assess differences in prevalence of current use between boys and girls, and between students with high versus low pocket money. Although there was substantial regional variation, in most countries boys were statistically significantly more likely to report current use of all assessed products (ranging from 50.0% of countries for waterpipe tobacco to 73.3% of countries for electronic cigarettes). Inequalities by sex were less pronounced in Europe compared to other regions. Inequalities by pocket money were less consistent; students with more pocket money were more likely to report current use of cigarettes (vs those with less pocket money) in 61.8% of the countries, but more likely to report current use of smokeless tobacco in only 18.3% of countries. Globally, boys and adolescents with more pocket money are generally more likely to use a range of tobacco and nicotine products. However, these patterns are not universal and local variations should be taken into consideration to design effective and equitable tobacco control policies.

Pengaruh Komitmen Organisasi, Motivasi Kerja dan Kepuasan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Sumber Daya Insani (SDI) pada PT. Karya Maju Sejahtera Bersama

The purpose of this research is to determine the influence of organizational commitment, work motivation, and job satisfaction on human resource performance. This research is quantitative using a survey type and data analysis techniques using SPSS 25. The respondents for this research were 67 employees of PT. Karya Maju Sejahtera, Gudang B. The results of this research show that organizational commitment partially has no effect on human resource performance. Meanwhile, simultaneously these variables have no effect on the performance of PT. Karya Maju Sejahtera Bersama.

‘How anxious I am’: the effect of different online modalities on Chinese language beginners’ classroom anxiety

ABSTRACT Foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) is ‘a distinct complex set of self-perceptions, beliefs, feelings and behaviours related to classroom language learning arising from the uniqueness of the language learning process’ (Horwitz, Horwitz and Cope 1986: 128) [Foreign language classroom anxiety. The Modern Language Journal 70, no. 2: 125–32] which potentially has a negative impact on achievement and engagement in language learning. The purpose of the investigation reported here was to examine how two online modalities – Zoom video conferencing and the virtual world, Second Life – affected FLCA among Chinese language beginners performing tasks using the different modes. Through statistical and thematical analyses of survey data along with open-ended questions from 55 participants, it was found that the relationship between FLCA levels experienced by learners on these modalities was influenced by various factors such as gender differences, task-related language skills, and self-perceived language proficiency. The study also suggests that FLCA is dependent on the learners’ immediate learning experience, particularly in relation to their level of engagement and task awareness. Despite the small sample size, the study sheds light on the advantages and limitations of each modality in terms of its effect on students’ FLCA and performance in task-based language teaching.

User acceptance of strategic planning: Evidence from Northern European municipalities

AbstractStrategic planning is core to public administration at all governmental levels. Evidence suggests that when conducted well strategic planning impacts several performance outcomes. Yet, public administration and strategy scholars have argued that strategic planning is not only a technical procedure. Its success is contingent upon the people involved in strategic planning. This study investigates strategic planning using user acceptance theory. It identifies whether formal and participatory strategic planning associate with ease of use and usefulness of strategic planning and, in turn, whether ease of use and usefulness associate with commitment to strategic plans. Results from PLS‐SEM analysis of survey data from 327 municipalities in three Northern European countries or regions (Flanders, Finland, Norway) corroborate the perspective of strategic planning as organizational behavior where design choices shape attitudes and behaviors. These findings support calls to consider strategic planning from a 3Ps perspective, namely connecting people–process–plan, to achieve outcomes.

Exploring the Utility of ChatGPT for Self-directed Online Language Learning

As generative AI tools are increasingly popular in today’s teaching and learning process, challenges and opportunities occur at the same time. Self-directed learning has been regarded as a powerful learning ability that supports learners in informal learning contexts and its importance rises in salience when incorporating AI into learning. This study employed a mixed-method design to understand how people self-direct their online language learning through the utilization of ChatGPT. Analyzing survey data from 276 survey respondents and 11 one-to-one interviews with language learners in the United States, we found that learners are motivated to use generative AI for its high flexibility and personalization which enables learners to access learning materials that align with their knowledge levels, personal interests, and learning goals. We also found self-monitoring skills that are inherent to learners help them to use ChatGPT more efficiently and achieve their learning goals efficiently. This study contributes to the emerging field of AI in education and explores possibilities to use ChatGPT to foster self-directed language learning and provide educators, instructional designers, and researchers with insights to design learning integrated with AI to best fulfill learners’ diverse needs and expand learning opportunities to more people.

Impact of heavy metal hazard perceptions on pollution control intentions: Empirical evidence from rice farmers in China

Heavy metal pollution presents significant challenges to global sustainable development. The treatment of such pollution predominantly relies on government policies, often neglecting farmers' crucial role in the remediation process. Therefore, this study investigates the driving mechanisms behind farmers' willingness to control heavy metal pollution in farmland. By analyzing survey data from 718 rice farmers in China, this study employs the Probit model to quantitatively assess the impact of farmers' perceptions of heavy metal hazards on their inclination to control pollution in farmland. Additionally, it examines the heterogeneity of these impacts between cultivated rice for domestic consumption and rice for export. The findings reveal the following: (1) Approximately 70% of farmers recognize the harmful effects of heavy metals, but only 66.2% of them express willingness to engage in pollution control measures. (2) More awareness regarding heavy metal hazards corresponds to a stronger intention to control pollution. (3) In addition to hazard perception, households with village cadres demonstrate a significantly positive influence on pollution control intention. (4) There are notable disparities in farmers' attitudes towards retained rice (for domestic consumption) and exported rice, with a greater willingness to implement pollution control measures for retained rice. As such, this study provides valuable insights for informing policy development to address the challenges associated with heavy metal pollution control's complex and limited effects. The findings contribute to a better understanding of the Chinese context as a typical developing country, offering analytical cases that promote global sustainable development while leveraging Chinese wisdom.

Shaping innovation pathways: Metaverse application configurations in high-technology small- and medium-sized enterprises

The emergence of Industry 4.0, characterized by rapid technological change and fierce competition, challenges technology firms to make strategic innovation decisions. Central to this is the metaverse, a hybrid virtual space combining virtual reality, augmented reality, and the internet. Recognizing that the implications of metaverse applications extend beyond individual organizations, this research examines its adoption configurations. Using the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework, we analyze survey data from 116 high-technology small and medium-sized enterprises in China using fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). Our research reveals that no isolated factor within the TAM-TOE framework solely affects innovation decision-making. Instead, we identify three configurations that enhance decision-making quality and three that increase its speed, leading to improved innovation performance. In this way, this research advances the understanding of technology adoption configurations in the innovation processes of young tech firms.

Intimate partner violence and childhood health outcomes in 37 sub-Saharan African countries: an analysis of demographic health survey data from 2011 to 2022

Understanding the contribution of intimate partner violence (IPV) to childhood health outcomes (eg, morbidity and mortality) is crucial for improving child survival in sub-Saharan Africa. This comprehensive study aimed to explore the associations between maternal exposure to physical, sexual, or emotional violence and adverse childhood health outcomes in sub-Saharan Africa. We analysed Demographic Health Survey datasets from 37 sub-Saharan African countries from 2011 to 2022. A generalised linear mixed model was used to examine the associations between maternal physical violence, sexual violence, or emotional violence, and early childhood health outcomes (eg, acute respiratory infection, diarrhoea, undernutrition, and child mortality). A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate pooled odds ratios (ORs) for adverse childhood health outcomes. The odds of undernutrition and mortality were 55% and 58% higher among children younger than 5 years born to mothers who were exposed to physical and sexual violence, respectively. 238 060 children younger than 5 years were included. Children whose mothers experienced physical violence (adjusted OR 1·33, 95% CI 1·29-1·42), sexual violence (1·47, 1·34-1·62), emotional violence (1·39, 1·32-1·47), or a combination of emotional and sexual violence (1·64, 1·20-2·22), or a combination of all the three forms of violence (1·88, 1·62-2·18) were associated with an increased odds of developing diarrhoeal disease. Similarly, children whose mothers experienced physical violence (1·43, 1·28-1·59), sexual violence (1·47, 1·34-1·62), emotional violence (1·39, 1·32-1·47), or a combination of emotional and sexual violence (1·48, 1·16-1·89), or a combination of all three forms of violence (1·66, 1·47-1·88) were positively associated with symptoms of acute respiratory infection. We found a strong link between maternal exposure to IPV and health outcomes for children younger than 5 years in sub-Saharan Africa, with minor variations across countries. To address childhood morbidity and mortality attributed to IPV, interventions need to be tailored for specific countries. Burkina Faso, Burundi, Chad, Comoros, Gabon, Liberia, Nigeria, Sierra Leone, South Africa, and Uganda should be priority nations. None.

Changes in self-reported cannabis use in the United States from 1979 to 2022.

Multiple countries are considering revising cannabis policies. This study aimed to measure long-term trends in cannabis use in the United States and compare them with alcohol use. Secondary analysis of United States general population survey data. The national surveys had a total of 1 641 041 participants across 27 surveys from 1979 to 2022. Rates of use reported to the US National Survey on Drug Use and Health and its predecessors are described, as are trends in days of use reported. Four milepost years are contrasted: 1979 (first available data and end of relatively liberal policies of the 1970s), 1992 (end of 12 years of conservative Reagan-Bush era policies), 2008 (last year before the Justice Department signaled explicit federal non-interference with state-level legalizations) and 2022 (most recent data available). Reported cannabis use declined to a nadir in 1992, with partial recovery through 2008, and substantial increases since then, particularly for measures of more intensive use. Between 2008 and 2022, the per capita rate of reporting past-year use increased by 120%, and days of use reported per capita increased by 218% (in absolute terms from the annual equivalent of 2.3 to 8.1 billion days per year). From 1992 to 2022, there was a 15-fold increase in the per capita rate of reporting daily or near daily use. Whereas the 1992 survey recorded 10 times as many daily or near daily alcohol as cannabis users (8.9 vs. 0.9 M), the 2022 survey, for the first time, recorded more daily and near daily users of cannabis than alcohol (17.7 vs. 14.7 M). Far more people drink, but high-frequency drinking is less common. In 2022, the median drinker reported drinking on 4-5days in the past month, versus 15-16 days in the past month for cannabis. In 2022, past-month cannabis consumers were almost four times as likely to report daily or near daily use (42.3% vs. 10.9%) and 7.4 times more likely to report daily use (28.2% vs. 3.8%). Long-term trends in cannabis use in the United States parallel corresponding changes in cannabis policy, with declines during periods of greater restriction and growth during periods of policy liberalization. A growing share of cannabis consumers report daily or near daily use, and their numbers now exceed the number of daily and near daily drinkers.

Factors influencing forest landowner enrollment in preferential property tax programs

One of the most common approaches to conserving forestland in the US are state-run programs offering reduced property taxes on forestland. Although some form of preferential forest property tax program exists in all 50 states of the US, few studies have examined factors associated with landowners’ enrollment in such programs. As interest increases in incentivizing forestland owners to address various environmental or ecological goals, such as enhancing carbon storage or ecosystem services via private forest management, the need for improved knowledge about factors that influence landowners to participate in such programs grows. We examined factors associated with NIPF owner enrollment in preferential property tax programs in Oregon (US). Oregon currently has two primary preferential forest property tax programs. The Forestland Program is the default program for most forestland owners, and the Small Tract Forestland Option (STF), which is a voluntary program wherein landowners pay reduced annual property taxes and an additional timber harvest severance tax. We used a survey to gather information from 1190 Oregon Small Woodlands Association (OSWA) members owning between 10 and 5000 acres of forestland in western Oregon. Respondents were asked about their socio-demographic characteristics and forest management, as well as their enrollment status in Oregon's preferential property tax programs. Our econometric analysis of survey data indicate that preferential property tax programs enable long-term forest ownership, extended rotation ages, and investment in stewardship activities, suggesting that these programs are likely an effective tool for encouraging environmental or ecological goals among NIPF owners in Oregon.

Who thinks ideologically about welfare state reform? Partisanship and attitude consistency in politicians’ and mass public perceptions about the consequences of welfare service privatization in Sweden

When studying attitudes toward the welfare state or evaluations of welfare reforms, research has tended to focus on what people think rather than how they think about specific issues. Moreover, the effects of the mobilizing efforts of political parties on attitudes and belief systems are often theorized separately from the normative institutional feedback effects common to the welfare state literature. In this paper, I propose that elite political rhetoric and institutional norms may exert dual pressures leading to partisan differences in the propensity to think ideologically among the mass public, defined as a positive relationship between holding internally consistent attitudes and taking a partisan issue position. Drawing on the case of welfare service privatization in Sweden, I point out how the rhetoric of the right – emphasizing choice and private property – frequently contradicts norms about universality long espoused by the Swedish welfare state, while the rhetoric of the left – emphasizing equality of access and outcomes – is better aligned with such institutional norms. The analysis of survey data demonstrated that centre-right sympathizers, the prime receivers of conflicting elite versus institutional messages, frequently took a middling position, being neither positive nor negative, to the consequences of welfare service privatization, and that, unlike centre-right politicians and sympathizers and politicians of left parties, this position did not differ according to attitude consistency. Furthermore, political interest enhanced this relationship among right sympathizers but was of little consequence to left sympathizers, implying that in the case of a conflict between institutional norms and political rhetoric, only the most attentive sympathizers are likely to engage in ideological thinking on the basis of partisanship.

Total, Between-, and Within-Item Attribute Person Fit Analysis Using Mokken Scaling Techniques: An Exploratory Nonparametric Approach to Person Fit

The purpose of this study was to consider how researchers can incorporate item attributes into nonparametric person fit analysis for the purpose of providing additional insight into person fit beyond what is available using typical total-scale person fit approaches. Inspired by parametric person fit statistics that consider patterns of residuals at the total-scale, between-item-attribute, and within-item-attribute levels, we proposed simple adaptations to standard Mokken Scale Analysis (MSA) person fit analysis techniques to reflect these three levels of person fit analysis. We demonstrated the technique using a secondary analysis of survey data related to learning motivation and considered how the results may be interpreted in an affective assessment context. We used a simple exploratory simulation study to consider the techniques under a wider range of conditions. Overall, the results suggested that it is possible to incorporate item attributes into MSA person fit analysis at the total-scale, between-item-attribute, and within-item attribute levels, and that each set of analyses provides a unique perspective on person fit.

Will generative AI replace teachers in higher education? A study of teacher and student perceptions

This paper evaluates the potential of generative artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education, specifically its capacity to replace or assist human teachers. By reviewing relevant literature and analysing survey data from students and teachers, this mixed-methods study provides a comprehensive perspective on the future role of educators in the face of advancing generative AI technologies. An online survey was conducted to explore the perceptions of 399 university students and 184 teachers across different disciplines in eight higher education institutions in Hong Kong concerning the use of generative AI technologies. Findings suggest that although some believed generative AI may eventually replace teachers, the majority of participants argued that human teachers possess unique qualities, including critical thinking and emotions, which make them irreplaceable. Similarly, findings also emphasized the importance of social-emotional competencies developed through human interactions, something which generative AI technologies cannot currently replicate. Crucially, this study further found that students value and respect their human teachers, even as generative AI becomes more prevalent. As such, the authors propose that teachers can seek to effectively integrate generative AI to enhance teaching and learning without viewing it as their replacement. To do so, they must understand how generative AI can work well with teachers and students, avoid potential pitfalls, develop AI literacy, and address practical issues including ethics and privacy. Recommendations are offered on how universities, teachers, and students can adopt generative AI technologies in an approach that balances the strengths of human educators with generative AI technologies. As the future of education lies in the synergy between human teachers and generative AI, teachers, students, and universities should all understand and refine their unique qualities in order to effectively navigate the integration of generative AI, ensuring well-rounded and impactful learning experiences.