Stress Analysis Research Articles

Identification of the DEAD-box gene family and expression analysis of abiotic stress in potatoes

ABSTRACT Unwinding enzymes are a group of highly conserved enzymes that play important roles in plant growth and development as well as in adverse and stress conditions. The DEAD-box family represents the largest subfamily of deconjugating enzymes. However, little research has been conducted on the DEAD-box RNA gene family (StRH) in potato. Identifying and screening members of the DEAD-box gene family in potato could help us to better understand the response of potatoes to adverse and stress conditions and the related tolerance mechanisms. We identified a total of 73 DEAD-box gene family members from the potato genome-wide database. A comprehensive bioinformatics study of the potato DEAD-box family was carried out by a range of analytical methods. The evolutionary tree demonstrated that the potato DEAD-box family was divided into five distinct taxa. Three pairs of segmental repeats were identified on the chromosomes. In addition, we selected nine DEAD-box genes for qPCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR), and the results indicated that all of these genes were involved in both the ABA hormone stress and drought stress. These findings may help to increase our understanding of the functional diversity of the potato DEAD-box gene family under different environmental stresses.

Comprehensive transverse shear stress analysis for FG-GRC sandwich plates based on a refined higher-order zigzag theory

Comprehensive transverse shear stress analysis for FG-GRC sandwich plates based on a refined higher-order zigzag theory

A systematic framework for the design and material selection of composite for tennis racket upon impact

The present study explores the comprehensive composite material selection methodology of a tennis racket involving coupled Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) and numerical analysis. Initially all the possible material alternatives from the composite family were shortlisted using CES Selector 2016. A design space was developed incorporating MCDM technique naming VICKOR (VIseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje), PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organisation Method for Enrichment Evaluation) and TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) to rank the most suitable composite material based on critical mechanical properties to identify the most suitable composite materials for applications requiring optimal combinations of rigidity, strength, and structural performance. Using finite element analysis, the structural integrity of each of the materials was evaluated on static and dynamic stress analysis modules of ANSYS. Out of all material alternatives, T300 carbon fiber epoxy was considered as the most suitable for tennis rackets. Further, a comparison between the selected material was also made with conventional materials and were found in good agreement with selected material.

The Generation, Measurement, Prediction, and Prevention of Residual Stress in Nickel-Based Superalloys: A Review

As a crucial high-performance material, nickel-based superalloys inevitably generate residual stresses during processing, manufacturing, and usage. The mechanical properties of nickel-based superalloys are significantly reduced by residual stress, which becomes one of the important factors restricting material reliability. The systematic analysis of residual stresses in nickel-based superalloys throughout the entire manufacturing and usage processes is insufficient. The residual stress generation factors, measurement methods, prediction models, and control methods in nickel-based superalloys in recent years are summarized in this paper. The current challenge and future development trends in the research process of nickel-based superalloy residual stress are also presented. A theoretical reference for further research on residual stresses in nickel-based superalloys can be provided in this review.

Implementation of an exact completing method of generation for face-milled spiral bevel gears with uniform depth taper

AbstractThis paper proposes an exact completing method of generation of face-milled spiral bevel gears with uniform depth taper. This method ensures localized bearing contact without kinematic transmission errors in both directions of rotation. Both sides of the tooth are generated simultaneously using the same set of basic machine tool settings. A tip relief on the tooth surfaces is the only required microgeometry modification to achieve a smooth transition of load between consecutive pairs of teeth. An analytical approach to determine the basic machine tool settings and select the grinding cutter parameters has been also developed. The selection of the nominal cutter radius follows the recommendations of Information Sheet AGMA 22849-A12. The basis for alignment error compensation has been also established. Tooth contact and stress analyses demonstrate the advantages and limitations of the proposed method, making it suitable for applications with higher power demands for the drive side than for the coast side.

Development of A Workshop on the Topic of the Bionically Inspired Lightweight Design Method for 3D Printed Components

Additive manufacturing methods, particularly 3D printing, are widely utilized in research and engineering for crafting lightweight yet durable materials capable of withstanding substantial forces. Leveraging insights from biomechanical structures offers a deeper understanding of reinforcement techniques and optimal design strategies to enhance strength. This paper focuses on the development of a Draisine design, historically significant in Karlsruhe, as part of the BWSplus project "Drais3D-Trinational" workshop. Through a comprehensive analysis of bionic influences on lightweight design and 3D printing parameters, this study aims to create an optimal design framework for the workshop. Utilizing Computer-Aided Design (CAD) software such as SolidWorks and Creo Parametric, along with Finite Element Analysis using ANSYS R2023 Workbench, deformation and stress analysis are conducted. Investigation into 3D printing parameters, including infill patterns, temperature, support systems, and orientation, seeks to identify optimal solutions considering factors like processing time, robustness, and filament wastage. The objective is to explore the biomechanical influence on construction methods, concept design, and parameter construction in preparation for the Drais3D-Trinational workshop in March 2023. The expected outcomes include the presentation of two main designs with varied parameters, alongside analyses such as Finite Element Analysis and optimization of 3D printing parameters, emphasizing the role of bionic structures in defining the optimal Draisine design.

Initial Witnessing on Future Witnessing: A Mediation Analysis of Chronic Community Violence, Post-Traumatic Stress, and Delinquency in Urban, African American Youth.

Witnessing community violence can predict negative mental health outcomes for youth such as post-traumatic stress symptoms and delinquent behavior. Such outcomes differ by gender. Variables that predict witnessing community violence in youth are less understood. This study aims to explore potential pathways between initial witnessing and continued witnessing for early adolescents. The relationship between witnessing as a predictor and witnessing as an outcome is hypothesized to be mediated by both post-traumatic stress and delinquency and moderated by gender. A sample of 153 African American, sixth-grade students (M= 11.65, 59% female) in high crime, high poverty areas completed self-report surveys at baseline, 12 and 24 months. Moderated serial mediation was used to assess longitudinal associations. For the full model, delinquency at Time 3 was associated with a positive change in witnessing at Time 3. Gender moderated several paths. For girls, witnessing at Time 1 was predictive of high post-traumatic stress (aggregate) at Time 2 and high delinquency at Time 3. For girls, witnessing at Time 1 also was predictive of higher hyperarousal and higher intrusion subscale symptoms than other symptoms at Time 2. Analyses also indicated that hyperarousal at Time 2 significantly predicted witnessing at Time 3 for girls only. Lastly, delinquency at Time 3 was associated with a positive change in witnessing at Time 3. For boys, no analyses indicated witnessing at Time 1 as a significant predictor. Results contribute to our understanding of the trajectory of witnessing community violence and the roles both post-traumatic stress subscales and delinquency play in that trajectory, especially among girls.

Desain dan Analisis Finite Elemen Rangka Gantry Crane Menggunakan Software Autodesk Inventor Profesional 2024

Currently, the gantry crane still uses steel material. The steel is protected using a coating paint to minimize the impact of corrosion. However, this method is inefficient given the high rate of corrosion due to its coastal location. This also causes maintenance issues because repainting must be done regularly and periodically. Additionally, not all equipment has annual maintenance funding. The aim of this study is to design and analyze the stress of a 9-ton capacity gantry crane using Aluminium 6061 material. Finite element analysis was conducted using Autodesk Inventor Professional 2024 software. The results of this study indicate that the gantry crane frame is safe to use because the von Mises stress analysis result of 2,778 MPa is still below the yield strength of Aluminium 6061 material, which is 275 MPa. A safety factor of 2.07 shows that the gantry crane design is very safe to withstand loads up to 9 tons.

Stress Analysis of Pressing Joint of Two Conical Pipes – Part 2

Abstract The paper presents a strength analysis of a pressed joint of two conical pipes with the aim of finding out whether this method of connection is suitable for telecommunication masts. In this paper, a solution using an engineering approach and a finite element method (FEM) numerical analysis for transversal direction will be compared.

Stress Analysis of Ice Layers on Fan Rotor Blades in Aeroengines

Fan rotor blades are critical components of aeroengines. When an aircraft flies in icing conditions, ice accumulation on the fan surface may lead to periodic shedding. Severe ice shedding can cause mechanical damage to the engine, posing significant safety risks. This study investigates ice accretion on the surface of ROTOR 67 rotor blades and their stress distribution. This paper presents an in-depth analysis of the internal stress distribution of ice layers on the surface of rotating blades under different icing times and rotational speeds, especially the stress concentration of the areas at the contact surface between the ice layer and the blade. This study predicts the stress distribution of ice layers under different working conditions more accurately, which helps to identify potential ice layer fracture risks in advance. Moreover, it integrates the icing process, stress distribution, and shedding mechanism for analysis, providing a comprehensive perspective. It considers the interaction of various environmental factors and operating conditions, offering an in-depth understanding of ice layer behavior under complex working conditions.

Effect of single/multi-particle grinding parameters on surface properties of bearing steel GCr15

Grinding surface residual stress (RS) has an important influence on the service life of parts. In this study, the mathematical model of grinding force (GF) and grinding temperature (GT) of single particle was established. The relationship between grinding parameters, grinding force-thermal coupling and residual stress of single particle was analyzed by numerical simulation. Meanwhile, aiming at the multi-grain grinding of aviation precision high-speed bearing rings, the experimental analysis of crystal fragmentation, element content and residual stress of service and non-service bearing rings were carried out. Based on the above, the following results were obtained: in the simulation, the residual stress in the Y direction > the residual stress in the X direction > the residual stress in the Z direction at the same grinding force and grinding temperature. In the experiment, (1) The grain size of bearing raceway before service was about 24 μm, and the grain size of bearing raceway after service was about 3 times smaller than that before service. (2) C, Si, Cr and Fe decreased by 0.83 %, 0.07 %, 1.09 % and 32.75 % respectively after crushing (after service). On the contrary, it increased 0.66 % O and 34.08 % Pr. The Pr element was mainly distributed in the broken grain boundaries. (3) After service, the tangential residual compressive stress decreased by 169.3 MPa, while the axial residual stress increased by 172.6 MPa.

“Efficient novel fungal-enriched biochar formulation for hexavalent chromium bioremediation”

Chromium (Cr), a key element in industrial processes such as leather tanning, poses severe environmental hazards, particularly its hexavalent form, Cr(VI), which is highly toxic and prevalent in tannery effluents/sludge. The persistence and toxicity of Cr(VI) necessitate the development of effective remediation strategies to mitigate its environmental impact. This study investigated the potential of Trichoderma yunnanense (NBRICRF_97) and its combination with 0.5% sugarcane bagasse biochar (SBC) for the reduction of Cr(VI). The results demonstrated that T. yunnanense alone achieved a 91.04% reduction of 50 mg L−1 Cr(VI) within 72 h. Combined with 0.5% SBC, the reduction efficiency increased to 99.65% within 48 h. However, the efficiency decreased at higher concentrations (200 mg L−1). The combination also improved fungal growth and increased extracellular ChrR enzyme activity (13.07 U mg−1 protein compared to the control). Total glutathione activity was boosted by 161.07% at 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI). Antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT) and proline mitigated oxidative stress and FTIR analysis revealed changes in fungal cell wall functional groups (-OH and -NH) upon Cr(VI) exposure. SEM-EDX confirmed chromium deposition on fungal surfaces. These results underscore the Cr(VI) detoxification capabilities of T. yunnanense and the synergistic benefits of SBC, suggesting a promising bioremediation strategy for Cr(VI)-contaminated environments. The integration of T. yunnanense with SBC offers a sustainable and cost-effective approach for the bioremediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated sites, with potential for implementation in large-scale environmental cleanup efforts.

Spur gear tooth root stress analysis by a 3D flexible multibody approach and a full-FE contact-based formulation

This paper proposes an original method to determine the gear tooth root stresses from a 3D finite element (FE) flexible multibody approach and a full-FE contact-based formulation. The contact problem is dealt with an augmented Lagrangian formulation whereas the analysis is performed by a preconditioned gradient solver (PCG). Tooth flank modifications are directly introduced within the 3D model. This one is thus able to take into account straightforwardly tooth bending and Hertzian-like deformations as well as the micro-geometry effect. Simulations are performed for several mesh periods, without making any assumptions about load distribution, tooth and gear blank flexibilities, and possible premature or delayed contacts between tooth pairs in quasi-static conditions. A precise distribution of tooth root stresses associated with instantaneous contacts conditions is then computed. For this study, a single stage spur gear with micro-geometry modifications corresponding to an arc-shaped profile crowning is modeled. Several output torques are considered. The obtained results are compared to those obtained using a 2D FE ISO-based model, where external forces are applied along the theoretical line of action.

Morphological characteristics of talocalcaneal coalitions: Anatomical observation, finite element analysis and clinical application

BackgroundThe intricate anatomical structure of talocalcaneal coalitions (TCCs) presents significant challenges for clinicians in both diagnosis and treatment. This study aimed to investigate the anatomy, imaging characteristics, and biomechanical properties of TCCs, providing essential references for contemporary clinical diagnosis, treatment, scientific research, and education regarding TCCs. MethodsThe morphologies of TCCs were examined and classified in intact dry osseous specimens from 131 Asian adults. The imaging characteristics of TCCs were summarized by carefully observing the X-rays and CT scans. Additionally, finite element models of TCCs were established and validated, allowing for the simulation and analysis of stress and strain. ResultsThe TCCs were primarily located in the region between the posterior end of sustentaculum tali (ST), the medial port of the tarsal canal, and the medial edge of the posterior talar articular surface (PTF). In comparison to specimens with cartilage and ligament connections, the medial tubercle of osseous connections exhibited significant inward and downward protrusion, while the ST was longer and thicker. Statistically significant differences were noted in the widths of the calcaneus and talus, as well as in the thickness and length of the ST (P < 0.05). CT imaging provided an accurate determination of TCCs’ locations, while X-rays revealed the presence of the “C sign” and “duck beak sign” in all osseous connection specimens. Finite element model analysis indicated that stress was primarily concentrated at the osseous connection, which also reduced displacement of the subtalar joint. ConclusionsThe comprehension of the precise location, anatomical morphological characteristics, imaging features and finite element mechanical properties of TCCs is instrumental in enhancing the diagnosis and treatment of TCCs.

Static analysis of foldable pressurized and thermally loaded cylindrical shell as an expander in sport equipment reinforced by G-Ori nanofillers

The present work investigates stress, strain and deformation analyses of a shear deformable cylindrical shell manufactures by a Copper (Cu) core reinforced with graphene origami auxetic metamaterial subjected to mechanical and thermal loads. The cylindrical models can be used in sport equipment especially in expander component. The effective material properties of the graphene origami auxetic reinforced Cu matrix are developed using micromechanical models cooperate both material properties of graphene and Cu in terms of local temperature, volume fraction and folding degree. The principle of virtual work is used to derive governing equations with accounting thermal loading.

Design and Analysis of a Planar Six-Bar Crank-Driven Leg Mechanism for Walking Robots

This study presents the design and a thorough analysis of a six-bar crank-driven leg mechanism integrated with a skew pantograph, developed for walking robots. The mechanism’s dimensions were optimized using a rigorous dimensional synthesis process in GIM software (version 2024). Subsequently, a detailed kinematic analysis was performed in GIM to simulate the leg’s motion trajectory, velocity, and acceleration. In parallel, kinematic equations were formulated using the vector loop method, implemented in MATLAB (version R2013-b), and compared with the GIM results for validation, demonstrating the strong agreement between both tools. These results confirm the mechanism’s ability to generate a compact, high-lift foot trajectory while maintaining system stability and energy efficiency. An inverse dynamic analysis was carried out to determine the actuator’s driving torque, ensuring efficient operation under expected load conditions. Furthermore, topology optimization conducted in SOLIDWORKS (version 2021) significantly reduced the weight of the ground-contacting link while preserving its structural integrity. A subsequent stress analysis validated the mechanical viability of the optimized design, supporting its feasibility for real-world implementation. This research provides a robust foundation for the development of a functional prototype. Its potential applications include mobile robots for sectors such as agriculture and all-terrain vehicles, where efficient, reliable, and adaptive locomotion is crucial. The proposed mechanism strikes an optimal balance between mechanical simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and high performance, making it well-suited for challenging operational environments.

Research on seismic performance and axial compression ratio of rectangular high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete columns

Replacing traditional stirrups with high-strength rectangular spiral stirrups can improve the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns. In order to study the seismic performance of high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete columns, a validated finite element (FE) method was proposed to establish the FE model of reinforced concrete columns. Combined with the measured data of two existing specimens, parameter analysis was conducted on 19 specimens. The axial compression ratio, shear span ratio, stirrup spacing, and stirrup diameter were variable parameters. Based on a reliable model, internal stress analysis was conducted, and the influence of different variables on the seismic performance of reinforced concrete columns was revealed. The FE results suggest that, when the axial compression ratio is not greater than 0.6, the requirement of ductility greater than 3 in the Chinese Standard GB 50011-2010 can be met. The recommended shear span ratio for optimal ductility was around 4.5. The reinforcement ratio of high-strength spiral stirrups ranges from 1.0% to 2.2%. After completing the simulation of nearly 100 specimens (only calculating the ductility coefficient), a matching relationship between the axial compression ratio limit and the shear span ratio was proposed.

Stress analysis and dislocation cluster generation in silicon crystal with artificial grain boundaries

We conducted a dislocation and stress analysis on various grain boundaries (GBs) using silicon ingots that contained artificial GBs to permit systematic comparison of experimental and analytical results. Through photoluminescence imaging, we found that the number of dislocation clusters generated around the 〈110〉 -oriented GBs was significantly higher than those around the 〈100〉 -oriented GBs. The stress analysis revealed that this difference is linked to the maximum shear stress around the GB. However, there were some GBs where dislocation cluster generation was not observed despite the presence of high shear stress. For most of these GBs, the direction of the maximum shear stress in the 12 slip system of silicon crystal was found to be oblique downward to the growth direction, which appears to inhibit dislocation propagation.

Weight effects and the parametrization of the foot: English versus Portuguese

This article explores the possibility that even though English and Portuguese present similar stress patterns on the surface, the two languages may be formally different: whereas English offers strong evidence for the foot, Portuguese does not. We present new data on the relationship between syllable weight and antepenultimate stress in both languages. We experimentally show that weight effects in English are consistent with an analysis of stress that employs feet. Weight effects in Portuguese, in contrast, are not optimally accounted for by a foot-based analysis. Sonority effects captured in our experimental data from Portuguese further question the role that the foot plays in this language, but not in English. Additional evidence for the foot in English comes from word minimality constraints, which are never violated in the language, unlike in Portuguese, where violations are commonly observed both in the lexicon and in derived words.

Effect of repair patch nature on J-integral reduction in notched plates

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of different repair patch materials in reducing the stresses at the crack tip of a 2024-T3 aluminum plate. This involves a numerical analysis using the finite element method (FEM) to estimate the reduction in the J-integral value, with the goal of identifying how various parameters related to the patch materials, adhesive properties and loading conditions influence the structural integrity of the repaired plate.Design/methodology/approachThe methodology of this research involves conducting a numerical analysis using the FEM to estimate the reduction in the J-integral value at the crack tip of a 2024-T3 aluminum plate. Three types of patches – metal, composite and functionally graded material (FGM) – were examined under tensile loading conditions, and Adekit-A140 adhesive was used to bond these repair patches to the aluminum plate.FindingsThe analysis considered various parameters, including crack length, the nature of fibers in the composite material, the gradation exponent for FGM patches and the nature of the face in contact with the adhesive for the FGM patch. Additionally, stress analysis was conducted, examining the J-integral values for the plate, shear stress in the adhesive layer and peel stress in the composite patch. The findings highlight that modifying the nature of the repair patch used can significantly enhance the structural integrity of the repaired plate.Originality/valueThe study analyzed J-integral values, shear stress in the adhesive and peel stress in the composite patch. Various parameters, including crack length, fiber type, gradation exponent and adhesive contact face nature, were considered. Results demonstrate that the J-integral value can be significantly reduced by altering the repair patch type, highlighting the effectiveness of customized patch materials in enhancing structural integrity.