Analysis Of Rhodamine Research Articles

Analysis of Rhodamine B Levels in Cotton Candy Circulated in Makassar City

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye used as a textile dye. It is prohibited as a Food Additive because it can irritate the digestive tract, poison, and even cause cancer and death. The research was to see if there were any Rhodamine B deposits of cotton candy in Makassar. This test used five samples. The methods used in testing are TLC and spectrophotometry UV-Vis. All five samples' test results show no stain was formed (negative). UV-Vis spectrophotometry test on a 553 nm length acquired data of Rhodamine B levels in a row as follows: first sample of cotton candy = 0.005%, sample 2 of cotton candy = 0.001%, sample 3 of cotton candy = 0.0008%, sample 4 of cotton candy = 0.003%, and sample 5 of cotton candy = 0.0009%. They concluded that all five samples identified contained Rhodamine B synthesized dye to a minimal degree of the cotton candy sample distributed in Makassar.

Analysis of Rhodamine B dyes in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye that is used to dye textiles, but it is often misused to color a street food product such as cotton sugar. The short-term effects of Rhodamin B if it comes in contact with the skin or eyes are irritation of the affected area, acute poisoning, abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea, headaches, dizziness and hypersalivation. While the long-term effects caused are irritation of the gastrointestinal tract, disorders of several reproductive functions such as infertility or infertility, damage to liver and kidney function. This research was conducted to determine the use of Rhodamine B dye in cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency. The cotton sugar used as the sample was taken from 3 different places, namely Markets (sample A), Town Square (sample B) and Store (sample C) representing the Pasuruan district. Analysis of cotton sugar was carried out by the color drawing method using wool yarn with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). The results showed that the three samples were negative and did not contain Rhodamine B red dye, this can be seen from the Rf value which cannot be calculated because on the KLT plate no orange stain was formed under the 366 nm UV lamp. It can be concluded that cotton sugar in Pasuruan Regency is safe for consumption because it does not contain red dye Rhodamin B

Analysis of rhodamine b content in beef sausages sold in yogyakarta city market using visible spectrophotometry method

Rhodamine B is a synthetic dye commonly used as a textile dye. According to the Minister of Health of the Republic of Indonesia No. 033 of 2012, rhodamine B is an additional colorant prohibited from being used in food products because of its carcinogenicity. This study aimed to determine the presence of rhodamine B in beef sausages sold at the Yogyakarta City Market by visible spectrophotometry. The sample used in this study was a beef sausage with a reddish-pink characteristic and without a brand. The result analysis method used in determining the qualitative test is by comparing the sample wavelength with the wavelength of the Rhodamine B standard and using the Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) method. In the quantitative analysis, the Visible Spectrophotometry method was used. The data obtained were then analyzed using the SPSS Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, then ANOVA was used. The results of the qualitative test study obtained three positive samples containing Rhodamine B from a total of 7 samples tested. Determination of Rhodamine B levels in samples using Visible Spectrophotometry with a maximum wavelength of 556.0 nm. Rhodamine B levels obtained in samples A, C, and G were 1.06 ± 0.67; 0.87 ± 0.81, and 1.04 ± 0.82 ppm. Conclusions in the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the data were normally distributed, and the ANOVA results showed no differences in levels between samples.

Analysis of Rhodamine B Content in “Geplak” Marketed in Yogyakarta City in 2019

Rhodamine B is a coloring agent which is prohibited to add in food. Rhodamine B often used to color food product, beverage, and cosmetics. Rhodamine B is a synthetic coloring agent used in the textile and paper industry, this synthetic coloring agent is dangerous when inhaled, affects the eyes and skin, and is swallowed. The purpose of this study was to identify and know the levels of rhodamine B in geplak samples circulating in the city of Yogyakarta. Geplak samples studied amounted to 5 samples taken from souvenir shops in the city of Yogyakarta. The method used to identify rhodamine B in geplak was soaking the samples in ammonia to pull out rhodamine B dyes using wool yarn, followed by identification using thin layer chromatography with the mobile phase of n-butanol: ethyl acetate: ammonia (10: 4: 5). Then it was detected with UV light of 254 nm and 366 nm. The analysis of rhodamine B levels and the maximum wavelength of the sample was carried out using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The results showed that the 5 samples examined by thin layer chromatography or UV-Vis spectrophotometry were not identified as containing rhodamine B.

On-line separation/analysis of Rhodamine B dye based on a solid-phase extraction high performance liquid chromatography self-designed device.

A special self-designed device based on poly-1-vinyl-3-pentylimidazole hexafluorophosphate (PILs-C5) solid-phase extraction and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is proposed as a novel method for the on-line separation and analysis of Rhodamine B (RhB) dye. Single factor experiment design and orthogonal experiment design were used to optimize the experimental parameters, such as pH, the amount of PILs-C5, sample volume, flow rate, eluent type, eluent concentration, eluent volume, and the flow rate of eluent. Under the optimized conditions, the linear range was 0.02–2.4 μg mL−1, with the correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.997. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.004 μg mL−1 and 0.02 μg mL−1, respectively. The extraction capacity was 6.22 mg g−1, and enrichment ratio was 15. The extraction mechanism and the post-treatment method of PILs-C5 were also studied. This method was applied to analyze RhB in a wide variety of real samples with satisfactory results.

Analysis of Rhodamine B in Tomato Sauce Circulating at the Campus Canteen of Halu Oleo University, Kendari

Background:
 Food coloring is a food additive in the form of natural dyes and synthetic dyes when applied to food, able to give or improve color. rhodamine B is a synthetic dye that is very dangerous when inhaled, exposed to eyes or skin, and is swallowed. Of the 34 canteens at Halu Oleo University, all use tomato sauce and some are suspected of containing rhodamine B with bright and more conspicuous color characteristics.
 Objectives:
 This study aimed to analyze synthetic dye of rhodamine B in tomato sauce circulating at the canteen of Halu Oleo University, Kendari.
 Research Metodes: 
 The type of study was descriptive. The population in this study was all types of tomato sauce used in 34 canteens of the Halu Oleo University, and the samples were 13 canteens obtained using the purposive sampling technique. Measurement of rhodamine B using test kits of rhodamine B.
 Results: 
 The results showed that from 13 types of tomato sauce samples tested with test kits of rhodamine B by adding reagent (SbCl5 and Methyl Benzene) found 12 samples that did not change color (clear) means it did not contain rhodamine B (negative). But there was 1 sample of tomato sauce that changes color (purple), it means the tomato sauce was positive containing rhodamine B. The spectrophotometric test results obtained the amount of rhodamine B contained in the sample as many as 30.46842 ppm.
 Conclusion: 
 Of the 13 canteens sampled, there was 1 canteen that used tomato sauce containing rhodamine B.
 Keywords: Rhodamine B, tomato sauce, canteen

Facile deposition of nanostructured Rhodamine-6G/FTO optical system thin films for optical limiting

Thin films of Rhodamine-6G were fabricated with different thicknesses by utilizing the spin-coating technique. The used substrate was the Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) for deposition the studied films on it. The technique of X-ray diffraction (XRD) was applied to detect the structural properties of the investigating Rhodamine-6G/FTO thin films. The analysis of Rhodamine 6G/FTO film surface morphology was achieved by the aid of the atomic force microscopy (AFM) technique. Spectral distribution of transmittance, reflectance, and absorbance in the wavelength range (300–2500 nm) was used to explore both of linear properties in addition to the nonlinear optical characteristics of Rhodamine-6G/FTO. All the investigated samples appeared to have an indirect allowed transition. The parts of the complex dielectric constants, real and imaginary parts, were specified. Further, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) and the nonlinear refractive index (n2) were estimated. The optical limiting was examined using laser; He–Ne of 632.8 nm and solid-state green of 533 nm. It was found that the normalized power increased with decreasing the thickness of the Rhodamine 6G/FTO thin films. Rhodamine 6G/FTO is a promising optical system for optoelectronic applications.

Preconcentration and analysis of Rhodamine B in water and red wine samples by using magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites as a solid-phase extractant.

A convenient and accurate analysis approach that combined solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography was developed to determine the amount of Rhodamine B in red wine and Xiang-jiang river water samples. A novel composite, magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites, was synthesized and used as the solid-phase extractant for the preconcentration/analysis of Rhodamine B. Magnesium hydroxide/carbon nanotube composites, which combined the merits of carbon nanotubes and magnesium hydroxide, exhibited acceptable adsorption and desorption efficiencies for Rhodamine B. The linear range of the proposed solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method for Rhodamine B was 0.05-20.0 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 3.6 μg/L. The precision and reproducibility of the developed solid-phase extraction with high-performance liquid chromatography method and the batch-to-batch reproducibility of the solid-phase extractant were also validated at spiking levels of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/L. The recovery of Rhodamine B was 94.33-106.7%, and the recovery relative standard deviations of the intra- and interday precisions were ≤ 3.83 and ≤ 6.01%, respectively. The relative standard deviation of the batch-to-batch reproducibility was ≤ 7.98%.

Sorption of Rhodamine into Polymer Block Matrix

A method for the trace analysis of rhodamine with colorimetric measurements based on solid-phase extraction by transparent polymethacrylate matrix is described. The quantity of sorbed РММ reagent is proportional to intensity of its painting and it depends on conditions of modification: рН, concentration of the reagent in solution and durations of processing. The interactions between PMM and rhodamine were studied by solid-phase spectrophotometry under batch conditions. The kinetic profiles of sorption at different temperatures are similar. This suggests that the sorption mechanism is mainly due to the formation of an inclusion complex through host–guest interactions.

Analysis of Rhodamine B in Chinese Wolfberry from Market Sale by HPLC

Based on the method of high performance liquid chromatography - diode array detector (HPLC - DAD) ,this experiment rapidly detected rhodamine B of Chinese wolfberry from market sale. Rhodamine B in the samples was dissolved by hexane.And after it was evaporated, it was extracted quantitatively.And then rhodamine B was measured with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) detector, using external standard method of peak area for quantitation. Results showed that the test conditions: 80 percent methanol and 20 percent water as mobile phase; sample volume was 20 μL ; column temperature was 35 degree centigrade; the flow rate was 1.0 ml per min and detection wavelength of 545nm, a reference to the wavelength of 600nm.Rhodamine B of the linear correlation coefficient was 0.9998 between the concentration of 0.06 and 0.20μg per ml. The stability of the method was in the range of 2.4 percent to 3.3 percent, precision was about 1.60 percent, recovery rate determination results were between 85.75 percent and 103.80 percent,The positive rate of rhodamine B was 80 percent. This method has the advantages of simple, rapid and accurate, and is very suitable for the determination of rhodamine B in Chinese wolfberry.

Trace Determination of Rhodamine and Eosine in Oil-Water Reservoir Using Solid-Phase Extraction

A method for the trace analysis of rhodamine and eosine with colorimetric measurements based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) by transparent polymethacrylate matrix (PMM) is described. Solid-phase extraction on PMM allowed a 380-fold enrichment of the dyes if 10 mL sample volume is used with extraction efficiencies 98%. The method enables the determination of rhodamine to 0.06 mg/L and eosine to 1.2 mg/L combined with a fast and easy sample-preparation (pH-adjusting prior to SPE). Simultaneous extraction and determination of rhodamine and eosine in reservoir samples with high salinity confirmed the applicability and reproducibility of the method. Batch adsorption results indicated that Langmuir isotherm described the adsorption isotherms better.

Sealer penetration and marginal permeability after apicoectomy varying retrocavity preparation and retrofilling material

Apicoectomy failure is generally related to inappropriate marginal sealing of the retrocavity, which allows percolation of microorganisms and their products from root canal system to periapex. This study evaluated tubular penetration of canal sealers and marginal permeability after retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser and retrofilling with MTA or cyanoacrylate. Twenty-two single-rooted teeth were decoronated and endodontically treated, their apical 3 mm were resected and the root ends were retroprepared with a low-speed bur. Twenty roots were randomly assigned to 4 groups (n=5): GI and GII--retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively; GIII and GIV--retrocavity irradiation with Er;Cr:YSGG laser (2.78 microm, 4 W, 20 Hz, 70.8 J/cm(2)) and retrofilling with MTA and cyanoacrylate, respectively. The remaining 2 roots served as positive and negative controls. The analysis of rhodamine B dye infiltration (p=0.05) demonstrated that laser irradiation and MTA retrofilling presented significantly higher permeability rates (p<0.05). Retrofilling with cyanoacrylate showed significantly lower permeability, either when laser was used or not on retrocavity. SEM analysis depicted more cyanoacrylate penetration through dentinal tubules when compared to MTA, suggesting a more efficient marginal sealing. Based on these results, it may be concluded that cyanoacrylate provided a less permeable retrofilling regardless of the retropreparation method, suggesting a more favorable condition to the establishment of the periapical healing.

High-efficiency, two-dimensional separations of protein digests on microfluidic devices.

High-efficiency, two-dimensional separations of tryptic digests were achieved using glass microfluidic devices. Following micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) separations in a 19.6-cm-long serpentine channel, the peptides were rapidly sampled into a 1.3-cm-long second-dimension channel, where they were separated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). The turns in the serpentine channel were asymmetrically tapered to minimize geometrical contributions to band broadening and to provide ample channel length for high-efficiency chromatographic separations. Analysis of rhodamine B injections routinely produced plate numbers of 230000 and 40000 in the first (MEKC) and second (CE) dimensions, respectively, corresponding to plate heights of 0.9 and 0.3 microm. The electric field strengths were 200 V/cm for MEKC and 2400 V/cm for CE. In analysis times less than 15 min, two-dimensional separation of bovine serum albumin tryptic digest produced a peak capacity of 4200 (110 in the first dimension and 38 in the second dimension). The system was used to identify a peptide from a tryptic digest of ovalbumin using standard addition and to distinguish between tryptic digests of human and bovine hemoglobin.

Cytochrome b558 and hydrogen peroxide production in small intensely fluorescent cells of sympathetic ganglia.

Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells are paraganglionic cells derived from sympathicoblasts which may serve as interneurons, endo-/paracrine cells or arterial chemoreceptors within sympathetic ganglia. Like paraganglionic cells of other locations, e.g., carotid body glomus cells, they are responsive to hypoxia. Recent studies on glomus cells and other hypoxia-sensing cells suggested the involvement of a b558-type cytochrome and intracellular generation of H2O2 in the process of oxygen sensing. In the present study, we demonstrate the occurrence of the small subunit of cytochrome b558, p22phox, in SIF cells of guinea-pig sympathetic ganglia by immunohistochemistry using two different antisera. H2O2 production was monitored in explanted intact superior cervical ganglia of 2-day-old rats by confocal laser scanning analysis of rhodamine 123 fluorescence generated due to oxidation of dihydrorhodamine 123 by H2O2. Using this technique, SIF cell clusters appeared as sites of highest H2O2 production within the ganglia. Thus, SIF cells exhibit two key features of an oxidase system generating reactive oxygen species. This may be involved in the proposed chain of events in oxygen sensing, but alternative cellular functions of this system have also to be considered.

Analysis of rhodamine and fluorescein-labeled F-actin diffusion in vitro by fluorescence photobleaching recovery

Properties of filamentous acetamidofluorescein-labeled actin and acetamidotetramethylrhodamine-labeled actin (AF and ATR-actin, respectively) were examined to resolve discrepancies in the reported translational diffusion coefficients of F-actin measured in vitro by FPR and other techniques. Using falling-ball viscometry and two independent versions of fluorescence photobleaching recovery (FPR), the present data indicate that several factors are responsible for these discrepancies. Gel filtration chromatography profoundly affects the viscosity of actin solutions and filament diffusion coefficients. ATR-actin and, to a lesser degree, AF-actin show a reduction in viscosity in proportion to the fraction labeled, presumably due to filament shortening. Actin filaments containing AF-actin or ATR-actin are susceptible to photoinduced damage, including a covalent cross-linking of actin protomers within filaments and an apparent cleavage of filaments detected by a decrease of the measured viscosity and an increase in the measured filament diffusion coefficients. Quantum yields of the two photoinduced effects are quite different. Multiple cross-links are produced relative to each photobleaching event, whereas less than 1% filament cleavage occurs. Substantial differences in the filament diffusion coefficients measured by FPR are also the result of differences in illumination geometry and sampling time. However, under controlled conditions, FPR can be used as a quantitative tool for measuring the hydrodynamic properties of actin filaments. Incremented filament shortening caused by photoinduced cleavage or incremental addition of filament capping proteins produces a continuous and approximately linear increase of filament diffusion coefficients, indicating that filaments are not associated in solution. Our results indicate that actin filaments exhibit low mobilities and it is inferred that actin filaments formed in vitro by column-purified actin, under standard conditions, are much longer than has conventionally been presumed.