Analysis Of Policy Implementation Research Articles

Embracing Complexity in Policy Implementation Research: A Comparative Analysis of Water Policy Implementation in the Great Lakes and Rio-Grande/Bravo Regions

Scholars and practitioners must increasingly embrace complexity in policy implementation research and practice. This article presents findings from in-depth comparative qualitative analysis of two complex transboundary water policy cases, the North American Great Lakes and Rio Grande/Bravo Basin, to highlight the value of focusing on four sets of factors (contextual, institutional, engagement, and knowledge factors) to understand why complex policy regimes continue to face limited policy implementation success in achieving policy goals decades after initiating implementation efforts. The findings outline the value of focusing on critical sets of factors in comparative policy implementation research that embraces complexity.

Cambodia’s gender policy: An analysis of women and girls’ education strategies under the Neary Rattanak IV Strategic Plan (2014-2018)

In 1999, Cambodia’s Ministry of Women’s Affairs established the first Neary Rattanak Strategic Plan to build Cambodian women’s capacity by offering them more opportunities and access to education. From early 1998 to 2017, Cambodia showed good progress in increasing girls’ school enrolment. Later in 2018, the final year of Neary Rattanak IV’s implementation, the percentage of girls’ enrolment in Cambodia’s primary schools declined. This study analyzes the implementation of education strategies in Neary Rattanak IV by using the seven steps of Mintrom’s (2012) policy implementation analysis to examine whether the strategies have been well implemented. From the analysis, it seems that the education strategies have indeed been successful in their implementation and have reached their targets. However, the study has discovered some potential obstacles and shortcomings that the government may have to act upon through its education and gender policy. Those shortcomings and difficulties, including traditional norms, discrimination against women in employment, and safety issues, have impacted the implementation of the education of women and girls in the Neary Rattanak IV Strategic Plan.

Policy by Pilot? Learning From Demonstration Projects for Integrated Care Comment on "Integration or Fragmentation of Health Care? Examining Policies and Politics in a Belgian Case Study".

Analysis of policy implementation for chronic disease in Belgium highlights the difficulties of launching experiments for integrated care in a health system with fragmented governance. It also entreats us to consider the inherent challenges of piloting integrated care for chronic disease. Sociomedical characteristics of chronic disease -political, social, and economic aspects of improving outcomes - pose distinct problems for pilot projects, particularly because addressing health inequity requires collaboration across health and social sectors and a long-term, life-course perspective on health. Drawing on recent US experience with demonstration projects for health service delivery reform and on chronic disease research, I discuss constraints of and lessons from pilot projects. The policy learning from pilots lies beyond their technical evaluative yield. Pilot projects can evince political and social challenges to achieving integrated chronic disease care, and can illuminate overlooked perspectives, such as those of community-based organizations (CBOs), thereby potentially extending the terms of policy debate.

Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach ed. by Shinji Higaki and Yuji Nasu

Reviewed by: Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach ed. by Shinji Higaki and Yuji Nasu Celeste L. Arrington (bio) Hate Speech in Japan: The Possibility of a Non-Regulatory Approach. Edited by Shinji Higaki and Yuji Nasu. Cambridge University Press, 2021. xviii, 506 pages. $125.00, cloth; $100.00, E-book. Hate Speech in Japan is an information-packed new book about a significant recent development in Japanese society: hate speech. Public demonstrations [End Page 435] and online comments against ethnic Korean residents of Japan (zainichi Koreans) attracted media attention within Japan and worldwide a decade ago and spurred international criticism. Particularly shocking was the targeting of a Korean primary school in Kyoto by the Zaitokukai (Zainichi Tokken o Yurusanai Shimin no Kai, or Citizens Association against Special Privileges for Resident Koreans). This book analyzes such hate speech and its relationship to older forms of discrimination against Japan's Korean and outcaste (burakumin) communities. It also details and assesses the diverse recent efforts to address the problem of hate speech, including via new national legislation, subnational government ordinances and guidelines, administrative measures, and court rulings. Through both formal legal analysis and nuanced examinations of policy implementation, this book's 20 chapters significantly advance scholarship about regulatory styles, law and social change, and the balance between freedom of expression and the right to human dignity in Japan. The term "hate speech" (heito supiichi) gained currency in Japan in the early 2010s, and new legislation to address the problem was enacted within just a few years. The 2016 Hate Speech Elimination Act (HSEA) defines hate speech as "unfair discriminatory speech and behavior against persons originating from outside Japan" or "their descendants who are lawfully residing in Japan." This narrow definition reflects what Erin Chung has called "rights hierarchies" in the South Korean context; noncitizens have different human rights protections depending on their visa category.1 And it excludes Japanese minorities like burakumin, Ainu, and Okinawans (for political debates about the definition, see pp. 233–36). Many of this book's contributors document discrimination against burakumin and zainichi Koreans long before the term "hate speech" began circulating and grapple with why zainichi Koreans were targeted most recently (chapter 16). This volume is empirically rich, drawing on formal legal analyses, comparisons of legal scholars' arguments, media and online content analyses, and interviews. For example, chapter 12 uses interview quotes to expose the traumatic impacts of hate speech on members of Kyoto's Korean community. And the social psychological discussion of discrimination, prejudice, and stereotypes illuminates phenomena adjacent to hate speech and the hateful Internet content analyzed in chapter 17. Despite such evidence, the Japanese government reported to the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination as recently as 2013 that it "does not believe that, in present-day Japan, racist thoughts are disseminated and racial discrimination is incited to the extent that … legislation to impose punishment … [End Page 436] should be considered even at the risk of unduly stifling legitimate speech" (p. 66, note 30). Indeed, Japan long resisted regulating discriminatory speech, which led some of this book's contributors to worry that Japanese people were unaware of hate speech until the Zaitokukai demonstrations (pp. 222, 239–40). This volume persuasively documents, in a great service to scholars without Japanese-language abilities, one reason for the lack of hate speech regulations: Japanese legal scholars tended to privilege freedom of expression, usually citing the U.S. model rather than the German approach, which emphasizes human dignity (chapters 1 and 15, pp. 242–43, 415–21). Part 2 of the volume (chapters 7–9) details how few legal tools existed for addressing hate speech and racial discrimination in Japan. Criminal and civil claims can be made regarding defamation or insult, but such speech must be targeted against specific individuals or organizations. Since hate speech generally targets broader categories of people, it falls outside existing criminal and tort frameworks in Japan. The book's contributors conclude that it is unlikely that Japanese courts will recognize racist speech and discrimination as a new type of tort anytime soon (p. 204). Ryangok Ku summarizes the weaknesses of Japan's legal and institutional frameworks...

Analysis of Policy Implementation for Peatland Ecosystem Degradation Control on Community Land in the Ex-PLG Area of Central Kalimantan Province

Degradation of peatland ecosystem on community land is controlled by the article 32 A paragraph (3) of Government Regulation Number 57 of 2016 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 71 of 2014 concerning Protection and Management of Peatland Ecosystems which provide explicit direction that the restoration of peatland ecosystem forest and functions owned by the community or indigenous peoples is their responsibility.
 To assist the community to have countermeasures actions for peatland ecosystem degradation on the community land, the government has implemented the Peatland Self-supporting Villages (Desa Mandiri Peduli Gambut) program since 2016 in several provinces including Central Kalimantan Province. This study aims to: (1) analyze the current policy for controlling degradation to the peatland ecosystem if it applied to community land, and (2) Analyze the implementation of the policy for controlling degradation to the peatland ecosystem through the implementation of the Peatland Self-supporting Villages in the ex PLG area of Central Kalimantan Province by assessing the sustainability and implementation strategy of the program.
 The results of the study are: (1) The peatland ecosystem destruction control policy that has been applied to the licensed land can be applied to community land as long as they has sufficient capacity (2) the sustainability assessment of the implementation of the Peatland Self-supporting Villages program in the ex-PLG Area of ​​Central Kalimantan Province is included in the “moderate” category with an index value of 68.54, while the main strategy for proper implementation is by conducting exposure meetings of the Community Work Plan (Rencana Kerja Masyarakat, RKM) document to the relevant agencies and collaborating through programs that are in accordance with their duties.

SWOT Analysis of PSBB Policy Implementation at Public Facilities or Areas In Bekasi City in March-June 2020

Background: The government of Bekasi City has released specific policies related to PSBB, which startedfrom April 15, 2020, until the fifth amendment that will be over on July 2, 2020, due to the high prevalence of confirmedCOVID-19 cases in Bekasi City. Methods: Our study using a combination approach between Media Content Analysis forcollecting the secondary data and SWOT analysis plus Trias Policy Analysis in evaluation and identification the role ofseveral elements related to specific policies released from the Government of Bekasi City. Result: There are some bestrecommendations based on our SWOT analysis and Trias Policy Analysis, such as 1) “New normal” behavior of PHBS inBekasi City community through health promotion enhancement programs on RT/RW; 2) Reinforcement of regulation andpunishment for the violator of PSBB in region area of Bekasi City, and 3) Partnership optimization with social media asthe tool of the policy socialization process that released from the government. Conclusion: The effectiveness of policyimplementation on PSBB in Bekasi City requires active collaboration among government, community, and media. Theparticipation of government through clarity of policy content, participation of people was through policy compliance, andthe media act as the bridging to provide accessible information for the community.

World Religions in Religious Education in Northern Ireland: A Policy Implementation Analysis using Strategic Action Field Theory

This article analyses the implementation of a policy that introduced the teaching of world religions in religious education in Northern Ireland. Using a policy implementation evaluation framework informed by strategic action field (SAF) theory we assess the effectiveness of the policy intervention by exploring teachers’ descriptions of their practice. We discover that there is evidence of teacher buy-in to the policy, but very significant variation in the quality of implementation and reasons for this are explored. It is concluded that the policy evaluation tool developed here is likely to have value in assessing the implementation of curriculum policy in other contexts.

The analysis of internal policy implementation on the behaviour of government officer

This article aims to analyse the implementation of internal policy on Civil Servant Officer work performance at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo. Internal policy is an urgent item in leading an institution because it guarrantes the individual work performance. The workers will get their good work performance since the internal policy lies on worker side. The method of this research was qualitative descriptive by using field observation and interview as data collection. The data were analyzed into three steps, namely data reduction, data display, and data conclusion. The participants of this research were five administration staff, three lecturers, and five students. It used purposive sampling. The result showed that the implementation of internal policy at IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo was not effective. It caused by three problems. Firstly, it is lack of evaluation during the internal policy implemented and after it was implemented. Secondly, it is lack of coordination among stakeholders and the workers (administration staff, lecturers, and the students). Thirdly, it is lack of collaboration among stakeholder and staffs.

Conflicts in multi-level governance: an analysis of international climate policy implementation at the sub-national level

The complexity and multi-level nature of climate change requires governance systems able to manage and resolve conflicts across multiple scales. Drawing on the theories of collaborative governance and conflict resolution, this paper proposes a theoretical framework to understand three types of conflicts likely to occur in a multi-level governance (MLG) network: conflict in problem framing, conflict in benefit sharing, and conflict in capacity building. Using the implementation of the clean development mechanism in China as a case study, the paper finds the three types of conflicts emerged between supranational and subnational levels. The finding further indicates the role that the Chinese national government played in resolving conflicts through reinterpreting international norms, aligning presumably conflicting goals, eliminating the difference in benefits sharing, and narrowing capacity gaps across levels. The evidence suggests an improved MLG should be dedicated to integrating local level interests in centrally dominated policy processes. This study contributes new knowledge on MLG by investigating the hierarchical relations among participants and how authority and power differentials can shape their interactions across levels.

Are All Four-Day School Weeks Created Equal? A National Assessment of Four-Day School Week Policy Adoption and Implementation

Abstract Four-day school weeks are used in over 1,600 schools across twenty-four states but little is known about adoption and implementation of these types of school calendars. Through examinations of school calendars and correspondence with school districts, we have compiled the most complete four-day school week dataset to date. We use this unique database to conduct a comprehensive analysis of four-day school week policy adoption and implementation. We find adoption of four-day school weeks is often financially motivated and has generally remained a small, rural district phenomenon. These schedules feature a day off once a week—often Friday—with increased time in school on each of the remaining four school days that, on average, is nearly an hour longer than the national average among five-day schools. Four-day school week schedules average only 148 school days per year, resulting in less time in school than the national average for five-day schools (180 days per year) despite the longer school days. Substantial heterogeneity exists in the structure of these schedules across states, which may help explain differential four-day school week effects on student outcomes across institutional settings in the previous literature.

Analysis of Local Content Policy Implementation in Company NJH

Oil and gas companies, contractors and suppliers, under the regulation by the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (EMR), must implement local content implementation in procuring materials and services for oil and gas activities. Company NJH, as one of Production Sharing Contractors, faces problems in the inefficiencies of implementing the local content policy. Three main problems became apparent: unrealistic roadmap implementation, unstandardized contractor performance, and NJH’s human reso urces constraints. Qualitative methodology through interview sessions is used to analyze the current situation within NJH to understand the underlying issues, identify alternative solutions and formulate business solution proposal. Fishbone analysis is used to find the root cause of the inefficiencies. PDCA cycle analysis is also used to formulate business process improvement. The formation of a market research team is recommended to help resolving the roadmap implementation inefficiencies. The goal is to analyze the current SKK Migas PTK 007 Revision 4’s (PTK 007) roadmap adoptability and formulate optimized roadmap to be more practical to contractors and suppliers. A guidance program to support contractor’s documentation format and standards combined with the hiring of local content experts are also recommended as business solution with a goal to expedite verification processes.

Dating Violence, Protection Orders, and Gender Inequality: A Cross-state Analysis of Policy Formulation and Implementation.

Teen dating violence (TDV) is a public health crisis that organizations and individuals in several fields are working to prevent and address. State lawmakers are a group with substantial power to address TDV and intimate partner violence (IPV) through policies including Civil Protection Order (CPO) statutes. Understanding the factors that influence how state legislators craft TDV and IPV policies and how those policies are implemented can lead to policy processes that better serve survivors. Past research suggests the level of gender inequality in a state may be an important influence on TDV policies. This study used a case study approach to compare the processes of adding individuals in dating relationships to CPO statutes in a subset of states (n = 3) with high, middle, and low levels of gender inequality. Results did not suggest that gender inequality was related to variation between states but rather that it was a larger factor that creates the need for TDV policies at all. Relationships between the state IPV coalitions and lawmakers and the historical moment that laws were considered emerged as important factors in interstate variation. Future research can build on these results by further exploring the role of gender inequality in policy processes with additional states or policies and by examining the factors identified here in greater depth. Implications for practice are also discussed.

Analysis of Policy Implementation on The Duties and Functions of the Cabinet Secretariat (Case Study: Function of Policy Recommendation)

The implementation of the duties and functions of government institutions in the President's closest circle is an interesting thing to research. Its strategic position does not necessarily make its role carried out optimally. This can be seen from the function of providing policy recommendations carried out by the Cabinet Secretariat. Problems such as the disobedience of stakeholders to the flow of policy submissions, as well as problems on administrative matters such as supporting rules, communication strategies, information technology support, the effectiveness of policy monitoring, and the implementation of sanctions, have made the implementation of such functions not run optimally. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations by the Cabinet Secretariat. The analytical framework used in this study is Policy Implementation Theory, particularly the Administrative Implementation Model by Matland (1995). This research uses the qualitative method that is descriptive analysis, with the focus of the research is the Cabinet Secretariat in the period 2015 until now. The result of this study is the implementation of the function of providing policy recommendations in dealing with various challenges and problems. However, improvement efforts have been made so that the performance of the function of providing policy recommendations, which is the main performance of the Cabinet Secretariat, can be more optimal.

Policy implementation analysis on access to healthcare among undocumented immigrants in seven autonomous communities of Spain, 2012–2018

BackgroundIn 2012, the Government of Spain enacted Royal Decree-Law (RDL) 16/2012 and Royal Decree (RD) 1192/2012 excluding undocumented immigrants from publicly funded healthcare services. We conducted a policy implementation analysis...

Policy Implementation Analysis on 7 Standard Guidelines for School Safety Education through Street-level Bureaucracy Model

목적 본 연구에서는 Lipsky의 일선관료 모형을 분석 틀로 하여 학교안전교육 7대 표준안 집행의 일선관료인 교사들이 처한 직무환경과 그들이 발휘하는 대응기제로 인하여 나타나는 직무행태를 분석하였다. 방법 이를 위하여 경상북도 소재 공립 초등학교 교사 7명을 대상으로 사례 연구를 실시하였다. 자료 수집 및 분석을 위하여 문헌분석과 심층면담을 활용하였다. 결과 학교안전교육 7대 표준안 집행 교사들은 한정된 자원의 문제, 목표와 성과 측정의 어려움, 비자발적인 학생과의 관계 등 어려운 직무환경에 처해 있었다. 교사들은 이러한 환경을 극복하고자 단순화와 정형화의 대응기제를 보였고, 이로 인하여 접근과 수요 제한, 고객과 직무상황 통제, 고객과 직무 재정의 등 직무수행 행태를 보였다. 결론 연구 결과를 바탕으로 향후 새로운 교육정책 수립 시 학교 현장과 교직 특성에 대한 이해를 바탕으로 정책을 수립할 것을 시사하였다.

Tourism Policy Implementation Strategy In Pangandaran District West Java Province

This research is focused on study on strategy of tourism policy implementation in Pangandaran Regency, with problem formulation: 1) What factors cause tourism policy implementation in West Java Pangandaran regency not yet effective? 2) What policy strategy should be done for tourism policy implementation in West Java Province Pangandaran to be effective?The policy implementation analysis is using A Model of the Policy Implementation recommended by Van Meter and Van Horn (2005), then the theoretical analysis on which to reconstruct policy strategy is collaborative governance strategy, using the level and model of partnership from Wanna (2008) shared vision of participation, networking, and partnership. The research method used qualitative research method with a case study approach. The tourism policy development strategy ineffectiveness in Pangandaran Regency is caused by many factors: 1) The tourism development strategy aim and target in Pangandaran Regency, not yet clearly measurable, 2) Available resources, both human and financial resources in supporting the implementation of tourism development strategy is very minimal, 3) cross-agency coordination and cross-stakeholders made by the Department of Tourism and Culture has not been implemented effectively, 4) Inter-organizational communication, SOP (Standard Operating Procedure), and the working structure of tourism development strategy has not been implemented effectively, 5) Disposition or attitudes of executors related to understanding, capability, commitment and leadership quality in the implementation of tourism development strategy is not optimal,6) Supporting capacity of social environment, economy and politics through DPRD and other SKPD support not yet optimal, 7) No clarity and normative certainty regarding the institutions responsible for the tourist areas management of. ping tourism in Pangandaran Regency of West Java Province is using collaborative governance strategy.

Analyzing Policy Formulation and Implementation: The Case of Ethiopian National Youth Policy

This paper set out to analyze policy formulation and implementation process of Ethiopian National Youth policy. To this end, the study was conducted on both national and Central Gondar zonal levels. A qualitative approach was employed to collect and analyze the data needed to address the aforementioned objectives. Accordingly, the study has employed document analysis to analyze policy formulation process. In addition, to analyze policy implementation process at zonal level, key informant interviews were held with two officers working at Central Gondar zonal office. Furthermore, the study has employed two different types of analytical framework to address central issues of the study. On the one hand, Value Critical Policy Analysis Framework was employed to analyze the policy formulation process. On the other hand, Copeland and Wexler (1995) Implementation Analysis Framework was employed to analyse the policy implementation process.The study began by analyzing the policy formulation process on the basis of the six policy elements of value critical analysis framework. The National Youth Policy of Ethiopia is formulated in a professional manner. The study shows some hitch in the process of policy formulation such as; while stating vision and goal of the policy, the policy document fails to include reference of time parameter as to when to achieve the stated goal of the policy. In addition, the study found the policy document ignoring to discuss the importance and inclusion of youth participation in decision making process of the policy implementation. Besides, considering financing methods the study ravels that nothing is mentioned in the policy document about the source of funding to carry out the policy functions.The policy implementation analysis was conducted on the basis of Copeland and Wexler (1995) Implementation Analysis Framework. The policy implementation analysis focuses on themes such as enabling legislation and regulations, organizational structure, organizational process, and program performance. Keywords: Ethiopian Youth Policy, Central Gondar, Policy Formulation, and Policy Implementation. DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/11-3-01 Publication date: February 28 th 2021

The Macro-Level Education Policy in “The Belt and Road” Strategy: A Policy Text Analysis

Abstract This study concentrates on examining the macro-level education policy in “The Belt and Road” strategy. In particular, the policy text analysis of the macro-level education policy in “The Belt and Road” Strategy, the policy implementation analysis of the macro-level education policy in “The Belt and Road” Strategy, and the policy challenges analysis of the macro-level education policy in “The Belt and Road” Strategy have been offered in this study. In addition, the conclusion, suggestions and remarks have been provided in the last section.

The SWOT Analysis of Policy Implementation on Competence Development at Bandung Regency

Bandung Regency is a Regional Government that has the most State Civil Apparatus (ASN) in West Java Province which has a very low ASN Professionality Index (IP) is 27.85. In order to improve the competence of ASN, Bandung Regency implements a competency development policy based on Regent Regulation Number 63 of 2017. This article aims to analyze the policy implementation strategy by the Personnel Agency and Human Resources development (BKPSDM) in competency development in the Bandung Regency Environment. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The data collected was obtained through interviews and observations. The author found that BKPSDM has implemented competency development policies with SWOT analysis with the results that BKPSDM Bandung Regency is in quadrant II, which is in a position between opportunities and weaknesses, so it is necessary to take a diversification strategy in implementing competency development policies.

Analysis of Regional Regulation Number year 2015 Implementation on Urban Green Space Management in Mataram City

Green open space is an area that has a function as well as a place to grow plants, both those that grow naturally and are planted. One way to improve environmental quality and revitalize urban ecosystems is by managing the Green Open Space. One of the alternatives supporting this effort is to make supportive and applicable policies, laws, and regulations. This research was conducted to examine the implementation of Regional Regulation Number 8 of 2015 regarding Green Open Space Management in Mataram City and to find out planning strategies in optimizing the implementation of applicable policies. The method used in this research is literature study method, interview, and observation. In this study, six criteria are used based on William N. Dunn's theory to analyze policies and SWOT analysis to determine the appropriate management strategy. The policy implementation analysis results show that the implementation of these regional regulations falls into the "medium" category with a score of 2.13. This indicates that several indicators need to be tightened to optimize policies' effectiveness, so it is necessary to revise policies to maximize implementation. Several strategies that can be carried out to maximize the role of stakeholders are disseminating information about the content of local regulations that are applied to all related parties, explaining the programs that will be implemented to create a common understanding for all parties as a whole based on the objectives to be achieved, optimizing local regulations which applies to improve coordination in the implementation of green open space management which aims to maximize the role between agencies to create adequate technical personnel, facilities and infrastructure and synchronize the main tasks and functions of each agency in implementing green open space management to maximize their respective roles.