Introduction: Nowadays organic food production is a current topic due to the consumers increasing orientation toward safer and healthier products. Organic food derives from the agricultural systems that follow strict production techniques and chemical input rules. Aims: Comparative analysis of heavy metals content (Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn) of organic and conventional wheat bran samples in order to underline the potential differences. Materials and methods: Wheat bran samples derived from two different production systems in the North-East part of Romania were analyzed (2011 and 2012) for heavy metals content, using atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was computed with SPSS Statistics program in order to determine the significance of the differences between the means. A point biserial correlation was calculated for the dichotomous variable represented by the two systems, followed by a two tailed t-test, in order to establish the significance of the correlation coefficient. Results: Lead concentration was higher in the conventional analyzed wheat bran samples (P < 0.001; r = - 69), while copper (P < 0.01 in 2011 and P < 0.05 in 2012) and zinc concentration was lower (P < 0.05 in 2011; r = - 0.89), in comparison with the organic analyzed samples. Although for cadmium, in both research years and for zinc in 2012 no significant differences between means were observed, a moderated relation between the two system, with statistical significance at the 0.01 level (2-tailed) was registered (r = - 0.72 and r = - 0.89) with higher mean values for the conventional system. Conclusion: Toxic heavy metals content was higher in the wheat bran samples derived from the conventional production system but it was below the maximum admitted limit set by the Commission Regulation (EU) No 574/2011, while bioelements (Zn and Cu) concentration was higher in the organic analyzed samples.