Analysis Of Environmental Problems Research Articles

Effect of Chemical Fertilizer and Animal Wastes Application on Environmental Life Support Using the “Delphi” Technique

ABSTRACT Analysis of environmental problems has posed a special challenge to scientists in general and economists in particular due to intractability of environmental variables. One methodology developed to overcome this problem, in technical terms, is the “Delphi” technique. The “Delphi” technique integrates environmental variables, economic criteria and political value judgements into a decision-making functional model. Thirty-five experts, whose technical knowledge varied over the entire sphere of environmental issues were purposively selected to participate in the “Delphi”-type process. Two rounds of questionnaires were undertaken in weighing the pollutants, at the end of which a reasonable level of consensus was achieved among the participants. The final replies of the participants were used to determine the relative environmental damage potentials of NO3 in soil and water, and NOx and NH3 in air, respectively, that were emitted from chemical fertilizer, cattle waste, goat waste, poultry waste and swine waste and the respective mixtures of the animal waste with chemical fertilizer. The results show that chemical fertilizer was generally associated with higher damage potentials than any of the animal wastes, or the combination of chemical fertilizer and the respective animal wastes.

日中環境問題の産業連関分析(4)

近年の中国の高度成長においては，鉄鋼，化学など基礎素材の生産拡大におわれる一方で，環境保全投資は不十分な状況であり，公害・環境破壊の進展が危惧されている。他方，日本などの先進国では，公害防止投資がかつて大規模に行われ，同じ財を生産する場合でも環境負荷はかなり低い。そこで，本論文では，国際市場メカニズムに沿って貿易自由化が進展し，中国の比較優位財(主に軽工業)の輸出が伸び，比較劣位財(主に基礎素材)の輸入が削減したと仮定しシミュレーションを行い，中国で生産される基礎素材製品の環境負荷が高いため，それが先進国で生産されて輸入されることにより，地球全体に対する環境負荷はかなりの程度下がることが明らかにされる。

A methodological approach to children's participation in urban planning

Experiments with children's planning in the European context indicate that, if the participation process is well‐structured, children and young people show striking competence in the analysis of environmental problems as well as in the formulation of new ideas. Many studies of children's participation are confined to a descriptive level. It is argued in the paper that the enhancement of children's participation in urban improvement, as that of adults, calls for a combination of normative and explanatory theories. Participatory projects also profit from an action‐research oriented design of implementation, based on a cogenerative learning model. This requires, in addition to traditional methods of data gathering and analysis, enabling techniques which assist in managing change and diversity of interests in terms of age, gender, class and ethnicity.

Environmental management in the Gaza Strip

The environment in the Gaza Strip has been completely destroyed since its occupation by Israel in the 1967 war. The area of the Gaza Strip is 360 km 2. The Palestinians (900,000 people) live on 50% of this area, and the Israeli settlers (3500 people) live on the other half. Existing basic environmental infrastructure has been neglected by the Israeli military authorities during the occupation. This article summarizes the environmental problems in the Gaza Strip, and necessary new facilities have not been built. This article discusses approaches, measures, and steps for an environmental management and legislation in this area. Serious problems include noise pollution, air pollution, groundwater pollution, soil salinization, high-voltage electricity, possible radioactive hazards, and the spread of Norwegian rats. By the time authority was handed over from the Israelis to the Palestinians (May 1994), the Gaza Strip was in need of a comprehensive strategy for environmental management and protection. The Palestinian authorities still need to establish specific institutions suitable for the transition to a new developing political, economical, and certainly environmental future. The bases on which these institutions must be established are identification, evaluation, and analysis of environmental problems, methods of protection, and the experience of the other societies. The experience of the other societies will help considerably in developing an environmental management policy for the Gaza Strip. The new policy be the product of strong legislation. Without new controls, measures, and standards for an management policy, the environmental condition of the Gaza Strip will continue to deteriorate.

Crumbling land: the postmodernity debate and the analysis of environmental problems

Crumbling land: the postmodernity debate and the analysis of environmental problems

日中環境問題の産業連関分析(3)

石炭依存度の高い中国経済はSOxの排出量もまた巨大である。今回の日中環境分析用I-O表によれば，現在中国の排出量は米国をも抜き，世界最大ではないかと推定されている。I-O表とくに実質購買力平価で換算しても，中国のGNP単位あたりのSOxの排出量が膨大な理由はなぜか。日中の経済構造，エネルギー効率，今後の対中国経済協力のあり方等を中心に，SOx問題の核心に迫ってみよう。この場合，中国表に内在する諸問題を含めてエネルギー効率とSOx原単位を，とくに部門別・最終需要項目別に検討する。

Modelling the Human Impact on Nature: Systems Analysis of Environmental Problems

Modelling the Human Impact on Nature: Systems Analysis of Environmental Problems

The ‘Earth summit’ and environmental economics: The case of the missing link

While environmentalists insist that economic planning by government should pay much greater attention to the environment, they have tended to ignore environmental economics. This lapse is all the more serious because the conventional economic remedy for environmental degradation is the ‘market solution’. This article reviews the orthodox microeconomic analysis of environmental problems, assesses the shortcomings of the market solution and, in the light of this, outlines the alternative strategy for sustainable development. Some concluding comments are offered on the chances of success in implementing sustainable development in South Africa.

日中環境問題の産業連関分析(2)

環境保全の問題は地球温暖化ガスのように.特定の地域や国のみの汚染の問題よりも地球規模での対処を必要とする課題が多〈なりつつある。国連のIPPC(Inter-Govemmental Panel on Climate Change)の場でも，各WorkingGroupでの報告書作成の作業が精力的にすすめられている。われわれの日中の環境問題の分析も，こうした地球規模の環境保全対策の在り方を考えることに視点を置いている。このシリーズの連載の第１回で報告したように，種々の大気汚染物質の発生と排出の現状を自中の産業構造，需要構造との関連で定量的に把握する手段として，環境分析用の建築連関表の作成に携わってきた。今回は，その成果を踏まえて，両国の大気汚染の構造比較を行うとともに，１つの政策手段として，近年話題となっている共同実施(Joint Implementation)プログラムの問題点を整理し，日中両国の環境政策の方向を採っていきたい。

Worlds of Modern Chinese Fiction: Short Stories and Novellas from the People's Republic, Taiwan, and Hong Kong

This book's pluralistic, non-dogmatic, and committed investigation of the values of ecological sustainability, economic justice, and human dignity provides balanced analysis of environmental problems and their potential solutions.

Use of macroeconomic models in analysis of environmental problems in Norway, and consequences for environmental statistics

Use of macroeconomic models in analysis of environmental problems in Norway, and consequences for environmental statistics