Dynamic Series Analysis Research Articles

PERFORMANCE OF MANAGEMENT OF THE HEALTH SYSTEM (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE ARKHANGELSK REGION)

BACKGROUND:Currently, health care occupies an exceptional place in a socially oriented economy. To assess the effective functioning of the health care system, it is necessary to constantlymonitor performance indicators that allow you to determine the level of saving the health of the population.
 AIM:Determine the degree of effectiveness of health system management based on a comparative analysis of certain target indicators with their actual values.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS:An analysis of the indicators contained in the State program of the Arkhangelsk region "Health care development in the Arkhangelsk region" was carried out. The following parameters were chosen as targets: life expectancy at birth; maternal mortality per 1000 live births; infant mortality per 1000 live births; total fertility rate; number of doctors per 10000 population; number of average medical personnel per one doctor. Analysis period: 2010-2020. The study is retrospective, descriptive, not randomized. To calculate the private and integral indicators of regional management performance we used the method proposed by A.V. Pepelyaeva and E.A. Tretiakova. The analysis of dynamic series for the presence of anomalous values (outliers) was carried out by the Irwin method.
 RESULTS:The main indicators that ensure the level of performance are maternal mortality and availability of doctors. The availability of doctors per 10,000 population was significantly higher than the target indicators over the entire time period by an average of 32.8%. The target indicators of maternal mortality were lower than the actual ones on average by 50.1%, which seems to be due to overestimation of the target indicator.
 CONCLUSION:Target indicators of health care system performance tend to overestimate against the background of the lack of a clearly defined methodological apparatus for their calculation, which, in most cases, leads to a mismatch between their dynamics and the dynamics of actual indicators, increasing the calculated level of health care system management performance.

СЕРТИФІКАЦІЯ ЯКОСТІ В ОСВІТНІЙ СФЕРІ: ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ISO 9001 ТА ISO 21001

The purpose of the article is to justify the need to implement ISO 21001:2019 "Educational organizations. Management systems for educational organizations. Requirements and guidelines for use" in the activities of domestic educational organizations. The achievement of the goal set in the article was carried out by methods of collecting scientific and practical sources of information and with the help of comparative analysis and analysis of dynamic series. The state of certification according to international and domestic standards in the field of education quality assurance in 2018-2022 was investigated to create common quality strategies. Based on the evaluation of the frequency of key words of ISO 9001 and ISO 21001 standards, their comparison was made. It has been established that the introduction of quality management standards in the educational sector is an important step to ensure the quality of education and increase its competitiveness. The introduction and use of ISO 21001 will significantly improve the management processes of educational institutions and increase the effectiveness of quality management. To understand the readiness of ISO 21001:2019 implementation, a survey of university administration representatives was conducted. The attitude of university admini­strations to the use of ISO 9001 and ISO 21001 standards was established. The results of the survey showed that the existence of an effective accreditation system, the optional introduction of ISO, and the lack of resources (personnel, financial) hinder the process of implementing ISO 21001 in universities. Proposals for the implementation of ISO 21001 in the activities of domestic higher education institutions are based on the need for the formation of a culture not only of administrative activities, but also of changing the environment of the activities of educational institutions and consist in the development of a national policy for the introduction of ISO 21001 in the educational sector, the need to conduct informational and explanatory work among educational institutions about the advantages of the implementation of ISO 21001, provision of financial support to universities implementing ISO 21001.

Modernisation Factors of Infant Mortality Transition in Late Imperial Perm Province

This article studies urban infant mortality in the post-reform period of Perm Province. The work reconstructs the dynamics of infant mortality in cities and villages of the Middle Urals, highlighting the patterns of individual cities and identified factors of evolution. It is based on published state and zemstvo statistics, archival documents from medical institutions and public organisations, as well as Orthodox Church parish records from Ekaterinburg. Methodologically, the work relies on general demographic indices, descriptive statistics techniques, seasonality coefficients, and dynamic series analysis. During the first half of the nineteenth century, the mining Urals had extremely high birth and death rates and the highest infant mortality rate in European Russia. The Great Reforms launched the demographic transition in the region, resulting, among other things, in the Empire’s most significant infant mortality decline in the early twentieth century. The earliest and fastest infant mortality decline took place in cities. Small towns had slightly better rates than rural areas, while Perm and especially Ekaterinburg had significant reductions. The main reasons behind the changes in infant mortality were economic employment diversification, the weakening of ethno-religious traditions, and the creation of medical infrastructure. In daily life, these factors manifested in the smoothing of demographic seasonality, increased period between birth and baptism, the introduction of artificial nourishment with the help of glass feeding bottles and rubber comforters, and moving childbirths and infant care to hospitals. Ekaterinburg, the economic capital of the region, was the place where these factors had the best effect.

Assessment of the State of the Meat Market and the Reproductive Process in Terms of Ensuring Food Security

The reproduction process in agriculture is closely related to the agri-food market and ensuring the country’s food security. In modern literature, reproduction processes in agriculture are considered separately from the agri-food market, in turn, these concepts are interrelated. The development of the agri-food market and the level of food security set trends in the development of the reproduction process, and the conditions for the development of market relations, exports, imports and the current level of food security depend on the type of reproduction. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study is to determine the type of reproduction process in the current situation on the meat market to assess the level of food security in Russia for meat products and to develop recommendations for the development of the meat market and the reproduction process in agriculture. Materials and methods. In this study, statistical methods were used to analyze reproduction and the situation on the meat market in terms of ensuring food security: descriptive statistics, comparative analysis, analysis of dynamic series. During the study, a method was used to determine the type of reproduction process, as well as a method for assessing the level of food security for meat products based on an assessment of supply and demand in the meat market. The data of official statistics at the federal and regional levels, as well as data from the reports of agricultural organizations, were used. Results. The presented methodology made it possible to determine the type of meat reproduction in the country, to assess the level of self-sufficiency and food security. The analysis of meat reproduction showed an expanded type. The average annual increase in meat production in natural units is about 5,0% over the period 2000-2020. The assessment of the availability of meat of own production showed an increase in the availability throughout the analyzed period and in 2020 reached the level of 100,1%. A decrease in dependence on imports (up to 5,8 %) and an increase in the share of exports (up to 5,4%) showed an optimal or sufficient level of food security (meat). Conclusion. According to the results of the study, the following conclusions can be drawn: there is an expanded type of reproduction process in Russia; the growth of meat production contributes to the self-sufficiency of the population with meat; there is an increase in demand for meat products on the market, a decrease in imports and an increase in the level of food security of the country. Further increase in the level of food security is possible while maintaining an expanded type of reproduction process. This will allow us to constantly increase the volume of meat production and increase the volume of meat exports to other countries, including China. The provision of high-quality and affordable food to the population of the country contributes to the optimization of the social climate in society, which in modern times in stressful conditions (pandemics, closed borders, military operations, etc.) is mandatory to suppress and smooth out stressful, panic food purchases in the future. Ensuring an adequate level of food security is also paramount, since the state of socio- political and military security depends on its level.

Economic and Social Consequences of the Concentration of Production in Agricultural Enterprises in Ukraine

Abstract Research background: Assessment of the positive and negative aspects of the concentration of agricultural production in Ukraine, including in the form of agricultural holdings, is very dynamic due to the dynamic macroeconomic conditions of doing business here. Purpose: The goal of the article is to present the results of research and an assessment of the consequences of the concentration of agricultural production in Ukraine through indicators of changes in the size and efficiency of agricultural enterprises. Research methodology: The research methodology is based on the general dialectic approach and includes the following methods: induction, monographic, graphical, grouping, analysis of dynamic series, and formalization of calculation algorithms. Results: Regularities of influence of the sizes of the agrarian enterprises on the efficiency of their functioning are revealed. The study showed that the concentration of production creates a number of strengths in agricultural production in the country as a whole which helps to solve certain social problems. However, the concentration of agricultural production does not increase the economic efficiency of enterprises. Novelty: The assessment of the consequences of large agricultural enterprises in Ukraine and the activities of agricultural holding companies has been differentiated. Previously made conclusions of other researchers on the consequences of the concentration in agricultural production has been clarified.

Rural Youth Employability Trends and the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic seriously impacts youth employability, especially in rural regions. In rural areas, the lack of system and availability of education, vocational education and training can have a negative impact on a young person's ability to obtain an education and continue to succeed in the labour market. These circumstances can hinder a young person's transition to the labour market. Aims and Objectives: The paper presents a brief analysis of rural youth employment trends, the consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic for the labour market in Latvia, and an analysis of the youth employability using dynamic series analysis. Methods: The research methodology implemented for the present research study is based on the theoretical concepts and statistical data regarding the rural youth employment trends and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Based on the results of the research study, it can be concluded that COVID-19 has contributed to job losses by forcing young people from rural areas to move to a city with better access to employment. The authors have concluded that educated women tend to start their own businesses after graduation, which is positive, especially if it is based in rural areas. Conclusion: Based on the authors' calculations, the forecast of employees in the age group from 25 to 34 in Latvia in 2022 is 171.9 thousand, in 2023, it is 156.5 thousand, and in 2024 it is 138.9 thousand. It could be concluded that the projected number of employees in the 25-34 age group will decrease significantly.

Solar Energetics in Ukraine and the Experience of the Visegrad Group Countries

The urgency of investigating the improvement of solar energy industry efficiency in Ukraine is conditioned upon the exhaustive nature of conventional energy sources and their polluting effect, the availability of the potential for efficient use of solar energy and lower than possible level of its implementation, and by the opportunities of applying the practices of V-4-countries, which are connected with Ukraine geographically, economically, and naturally. The purpose of this study was to identify the main positive elements of the said practices and devise possible development vectors for solar energy industry in Ukraine. The main methods employed in this study are general methods (analysis and synthesis combined with scientific abstraction and generalisation, induction) and special economic and statistical methods (analysis of dynamic series, indexes, comparison). The main results of this study: the author identified the methods for obtaining and using solar energy, established its advantages and disadvantages, trends, rates, and potential of branch development; identified the share of solar energy in the structure of renewable energy on the level of 10%; outlined the importance, state, and trends of solar energy development in Ukraine, its leading role in greening the entire economy using the available favourable conditions, and how this development is relatively low and hampered by the lack of national support, energy accumulation and storage systems, clear and understandable national strategy of its development, outdated practices of green tariffs, instability of public investment policy in the industry, high level of wear of electric networks. In this regard, the aforementioned practices concern the consolidation of the solar energy market to increase its level of regulation; the normalisation of national energy policy and investment climate; the development of the practice of creating solar parks and systems of cogeneration of different types of energy and energy storage systems; replacement of green tariffs by the mechanism of green auctions and other schemes

Modern trends in the development of small businesses taxing

The article is devoted to assessing the role and determining the directions of improving the efficiency of the tax administration system in order to develop the activities of small and medium-sized businesses and the development of individual entrepreneurial initiative in the Russian Federation as priorities of the national economy. The study includes two parts: the first is devoted to the identification of modern trends in the tax administration of small businesses, the second - the directions of their development. The research methodology includes general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition, including analysis and synthesis, induction and deduction, method of comparison, generalization, analysis of dynamic series, graphical method of data representation and visualization. The scientific novelty of the study consists in the comprehensive development of proposals to improve a number of mechanisms and tools for tax administration of small businesses, ensuring the effective implementation of state policy in the field of small and medium-sized business development, contributing to the activation of individual entrepreneurial initiative. The scope of application of the research' results: The Government of the Russian Federation, the Ministry of Finance of the Russian Federation and the Federal Tax Service, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, other interested public authorities and management bodies can use the results of the study in determining ways to develop tax administration in the Russian Federation in terms of stimulating the activities of small and medium-sized businesses.

Functional modeling of the process of bringing innovative products to the market in mechanical engineering

The research is aimed at building a functional model ofmarket launch process of innovative mechanical engineering products. The subject of the study was the innovative process of a machine-building enterprise. The research methodology includes a comparative analysis and analysis of dynamic series, the concept of DCOR modeling, and IDEF0 methodology. As a result of the study, the patterns of innovative development of machine-building industries in Russia have revealed. The decomposition of the DCOR model of market launch process of innovative products adapted to the machine-building industry has proposed. The levers of successful market launch of innovative products have offered. A functional model of market launch process of innovative mechanical engineering products has developed. The model has formalised in the IDEF0 notation, which in general can contribute to the opening and use of a “window of opportunity” for the implementation of breakthrough innovation. The formulated conclusions contribute to the development of the theory of innovation in the context of machine-building industry and can be applied in planning and forecasting the innovative development of industrial enterprises.

Relationship Relationship Between Income and Food Quality of the Population of the Republic of Kazakhstan

The purpose of the article is to study the relationship between the income level and the quality of nutrition of the population of the republic, per capita consumption of basic foodstuffs by population groups with different disposable incomes, the main problems, and ways to solve them. The main source of information was the official data of the Bureau of National Statistics of the Agency for Strategic Planning and Reforms of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The theoretical basis of the research was the works of domestic and foreign scientists in the field of the level and quality of life, materials of the FAO. The study was conducted using general scientific methods of cognition, as well as special methods of economic and statistical analysis - grouping, graphical research method, ranking of the dynamic series, calculated indicators of the analysis of dynamic series. The scientific novelty of the study is to assess the impact of changes in disposable income on the concentration and differentiation of income of the population, food consumption in different income groups of the population of the republic. The authors analyzed the main modern concepts of measuring the standard of living and selected the most acceptable information from the point of view of accessibility, which was the basis of the study. The results of the study can be used in the formation of medium- and long-term programs to increase the income and quality of nutrition of the population, as well as a basis for further research in this direction.

The software to conduct comparative analysis of dynamic series of medical statistical data.

The software was designed to process and conduct comparative analysis of Big medical statistical data. This software is easy to use. It allows to conduct the analysis of medical statistical indexes in dynamics, gives a fair assessment of the time-series tendencies, helps to compare time-series of the studied indexes and presents graphic display of the information. The software can be used by health-care institutions, high education institutions, health-related scientific research organizations, physical culture organizations and institutions of the Federal Service for Surveillance on Consumer Rights Protection and Human Wellbeing of the Russian Federation.

Analysis of the effectiveness of PPP projects in the Akmola region

The article presents an analysis of the composition, structure and correlation and regression analysis of the dynamics of public-private partnership projects in the Akmola region, implemented in the period from 2017 to 2020. The purpose of the study is to identify during what period there was a change in the number of projects and the reasons for their change, as well as the impact on the development of the region by conducting dynamic-structural and correlation-regression analysis of PPP projects implemented in the Akmola region. In the course of the study, methods of comparative analysis, analysis of dynamic series, calculation of relative indicators, comparison, correlation-regression, variance analysis and forecasting were used. As a result of the analysis of the Akmola region for the period from 2017 to 2020, 76 projects were presented in general, of which only 52 projects are being implemented. In comparison with the republican level, the submitted projects in the Akmola region amount to 5.58%. Also in 2018, the most projects were implemented, i.e. 27 projects and an increase of 3.5 times compared to 2017. Of the main industries considered, it was revealed that the largest number of projects were implemented in the healthcare sector, and its share was 4.3%. At the same time, a minimal project has been implemented in the field of agriculture and its share amounted to 0.08%. According to the results of the correlation analysis, the correlation coefficient between GRP and attracted PPP investments in education is 0.6 and in other industries is 0.57. According to the results of regression analysis, there is an average close relationship between the studied performance indicator and the factor indicator, and since the value of R2 is less than 0.6, the model may be nonlinear. The value of the indicator F is 0.75, and the value P is greater than 0.05 for performance and factor indicators, therefore, factor indicators do not have a significant impact on the performance indicator. In conclusion, the projects implemented in the Akmola region are concluded on the basis of trust management of state property and other contracts, therefore it is necessary to pay attention to the application of other types of contracts provided for by law, as well as to the provision of projects in the field of industry, agriculture and utilities and attracting investments in these industries.

Technical condition of buildings of outpatient medical organizations (units) in the Russian Federation

Introduction: The current material and technical conditions of the buildings of the state healthcare system of the Russian Federation (RF) is associated with the availability of medical care to the population. The reduction of this parameter influences the quality of life of the population. To improve the provision of the RF population with outpatient medical care, a profound material and technical restructuring and modernization of primary care setting is necessary.
 Aim: To analyze the main parameters of the technical condition of buildings of medical organizations of outpatient care (MOOC) in the RF for 20122019.
 Materials and methods: The study used data from Federal statistical observation form No. 30 "Information about a Medical Organization" in the RF for 20122019. Data were analyzed statistically using descriptive and analytical statistics and analysis of dynamic series. Absolute and relative parameters of the technical condition of MOOC buildings were calculated. Trend analysis was the main methods used.
 Results: In 20122017, the number of MOOC buildings in disrepair and requiring demolition tended to decrease from 215 to 96 units. In 20122019, the number of MOOC buildings requiring reconstruction decreased from 511 to 179. In 20122018, the number of MOOC buildings requiring full repair decreased from 4,347 to 2,378. However, in 2019, the number sharply increased to 4,113. In 20142019, the number of MOOC buildings located in adapted premises increased from 6,723 to 8,126 units. In 20142019, the number of MOOC buildings located in rented areas decreased from 1,443 to 1,414. In 20122019, the number of MOOC buildings with hot water supply, central water supply, central heating, central sewer drainage, telephone communication, and autonomous power supply increased.
 Conclusion: The total number of MOOC in the study period increased by 7.9%. The number of buildings requiring repair and modernization in 20122019 tended to decrease. Not all parameters show a positive tendency, and the modernization of healthcare is structurally incomplete.

Technological Windows of Opportunity for Russian Arctic Regions: Modeling and Exploitation Prospects

The problems of exploitation of technological windows of opportunity are of particular scientific and practical interest in terms of the development of Russia’s national economy, and the Arctic region, which has a strong mineral and raw materials potential, is important in terms of its use for achieving the technological and national security of the Russian state. Considering this, the study of the theoretical and methodical aspects of the development of emerging technological windows of opportunity is important and relevant for the regions of the Russian Arctic zone. The purpose of this study is to assess the potential and reserves for exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity during the deployment of a new technological order by mobilizing material and human capital in the Arctic regions. Methodological tools for the study of this problem included dynamic series analysis, structural analysis, comparison, description, descriptive statistics, cross-correlation analysis, production function model and its visualization. An analytical review of scientific publications, a set of tools and methods of research, allowed to obtain the following scientific results: A significant variability in the contribution of science-intensive and high-tech industry to the formation of gross value added in the Arctic region has been revealed; meanwhile, we can note stable dynamics of the contribution of the Arctic economy to the gross domestic product (GRP) of Russia as a whole. There is a steady excess of the productivity index over the Russian average, which can be regarded as a potential for growth of high-tech components of labor in the development of the economy of the Arctic region. There is a negative statistically significant relationship between the share of the gross regional product of the Arctic in the Russian GRP and the share of gross value added (GVA) of science-intensive products in the Arctic GRP, which can be regarded as a factor preventing the exploitation of the emerging technological windows of opportunity. The construction of a model of production function of technological windows of opportunities for the Arctic zone of Russia pointed to the presence of potential in the exploitation of emerging technological windows in the Arctic zone of Russia in the development of human capital through the activation and use of high labor productivity, creating high-performance jobs. The results of the study, its findings and its proposals can be used in the development, monitoring and implementation of state federal and regional programs and projects aimed at improving the level of technology and science intensity of production in the Arctic zone, improving its competitiveness, which is highly important for the national economy.

Assessment of the Eurasian Economic Union countries integration economic efficiency

The purpose of the study is to assess the effectiveness of the achieved level of integration of the leading countries within the framework of the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU).Methodology: a quantitative approach is used. Based on the results of the analysis of dynamic series, the mutual openness of country economies and their mutual trade is estimated by the methods of calculating the export quota, which shows the content of exports in the volume of gross product. A broader analysis of integration interaction involves the study of other equally important indicators. Thus, the indicators of the importance of mutual trade in goods and services, mutual labor migration for the leading countries of the Eurasian Economic Union and mutual flows of foreign direct investment for Kazakhstan within all the countries of the EAEU were also used and mutual FDI flows for Kazakhstan within all EAEU countries were also used.The originality / value of the study lies in the coverage of the last years of the Eurasian integration, the calculation of indicators of the significance and evaluation of the effectiveness of foreign economic relations in their main areas in the Eurasian integration grouping for its leading countries.The results of the study – in 2015-2019, there is an achievement of relative openness and an increase in the importance of trade in goods and services, a decrease in the importance of migration between Kazakhstan and the main participants of the EAEU. At the same time, the flows of foreign direct investment to and from Kazakhstan within the union are characterized by positive changes.

Retail Transformation under the Influence of Digitalisation and Technology Development in the Context of Globalisation

The study aims to identify the main factors and determine the most probable directions of the transformation of the circulation sphere of the Russian Federation in the context of globalisation and the development of digital technologies. The methods of factor analysis, comparative analysis, correlation analysis, and dynamic series analysis are used in the study. It has been found that there is a close relationship between the processes of information and sociocultural globalisation. The presence of pronounced close direct or reverse connection between the development indicators of the information and communications environment, on the one hand, and the dynamics of the involvement of the Russian Federation in the process of globalisation, on the other hand, has been established. It has been found that the process of cultural globalisation in the Russian Federation proceeds at a higher rate than in other developing countries and is significantly synchronous with the countries of Europe and North America. A significantly high level of realization of the potential attractiveness of the development of retail chains and the penetration of global multinational companies into the Russian sphere of circulation has been revealed. It has been established that the level of information globalisation closely approaches the average European level and develops more synchronously with Europe and Central Asia and North America. The results of the study allow drawing the following main conclusions. In the Russian Federation, socioeconomic, sociocultural, information and communications, as well as global integration processes are observed, which are accompanied by the formation of a unified consumption and buying behaviour according to the Euro-Atlantic type.

The role of agritourism in the development of rural territories in the union state of russia and belarus

The purpose of the study is to assess the state and prospects of rural tourism development as one of the priority areas of economic activity in the agricultural sector of Russia and Belarus and its place in the European market of tourist services. The history of development of agritourism in the world economy is analyzed, the specifics of different countries are noted, and the advantages of agritourism in the Union State are shown. The study was carried out using classical methods of comparison, analysis of dynamic series, and analytical groupings. The modern economic literature highlights the main directions of agritourism development in the world, the impact of investments in agritourism on rural development, and the retention of rural population in Russia and Belarus. The main attention in this article is focused on the advantages of rural tourism in Russia and Belarus in comparison to rest of the European market of tourist services, which can facilitate attracting foreign tourists. At the same time, the strengths and weaknesses of this type of economic activity in the Union State in comparison to the neighboring countries are discussed. Russian regions are grouped by the level of rural tourism development, and the level of investment in agriculture is assessed. The study allowed us to identify the "bottlenecks" in the development of rural tourism in Russia and Belarus and to identify the most important objective and subjective reasons for their occurrence. In the conclusion the article offers a set of recommendations that will allow using the specific natural and climatic features of the Union State to attract state and private investment contributing to the development of agritourism and rural terrritories.

ВЫЯВЛЯЕМОСТЬ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ НОВООБРАЗОВАНИЙ В ПРОЦЕССЕ ДИСПАНСЕРИЗАЦИИ ВЗРОСЛОГО НАСЕЛЕНИЯ В СЕВЕРО-ЗАПАДНОМ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОМ ОКРУГЕ В 2016-2019 ГОДАХ

Significance. One of the main tasks of medical examination of certain groups of the adult population is to identify chronic non-communicable diseases, including cancer, at early stages. The article presents data on the number of adults undergone the first stage of medical examination of certain groups of the adult population, information on newly detected neoplasms, including malignant ones, registered during medical examination in the Russian Federation, the Northwestern Federal District and its constituent entities in 2016-2019. Contribution of the adult medical examination to the detection of malignant neoplasms and neoplasms in situ in the subjects under study has been determined. Purpose: to analyze dynamics in the coverage of certain groups of the adult population with medical examination and the number of newly detected neoplasms, malignant neoplasms and in situ during medical examination, including at stage I and II in the subjects of the Northwestern Federal District. To evaluate contribution of medical examination of the adult population to the detection of malignant neoplasms and neoplasms in situ in the subjects under study. Material and methods. The analysis used data from federal and industry statistical reporting forms: «Information on malignant neoplasms» № 7 and «Information on the medical examination of certain groups of the adult population» № 131/o. For the content analysis of literary sources and normative legal acts, the method of dynamic series analysis and the Kendall rank correlation method were used. Results. In 2016-2019, the average annual increase in the number of adults undergone the first stage of medical examination in the Northwestern Federal District was significantly higher compared to the Russian Federation (15.8 and 4.8%, respectively). Among the top ten different classes of diseases detected during medical examination of certain groups of the adult population, neoplasms rank 10th. The average annual increase in the number of neoplasms, malignant neoplasms and in situ, as well as stages I-II detected during medical examination in the Northwestern Federal District is higher than in Russia. Implementation of the plan for the medical examination coverage is not a significant factor in primary detection of neoplasms. The contribution of medical examination to early detection of malignant neoplasms and neoplasms in situ in Russia and the Northwestern Federal District in general increased and equaled to 5.8 and 6.4% in 2019, respectively. Conclusions. Results of the analysis of medical examination of certain groups of the adult population in the Northwestern Federal District and its constituent entities require a more detailed analysis of its organization at the regional level in order to develop measures aimed at improving effectiveness of cancer screening and early stage detection.

Neurosurgery in Ukraine: comparison with other countries of the world

The object is to determine the state and performance indicators of the bed density and workforce of the neurosurgical network of Ukraine. To conduct a comparative analysis of the data obtained with the data from other countries.Materials and methods. The work is based on the analysis of the results of a continuous study of the bed density, workforce, and medical work of neurosurgical departments of Ukraine in 2014-2019. The data on neurosurgical beds, workforce, and their work in other countries are taken from scientific articles or open Internet sources.The study did not include departments and physicians located on the non-controlled territory. When calculating the indicators, the population of the Crimea, Sevastopol, DPR, and LPR was not taken into account.Statistical data processing was performed using the analysis of dynamic series, using the median, arithmetic mean, weighted average, and quartiles. Microsoft Excel was used for calculations.Results. The density of neurosurgical beds in 2019 was 81 per 1 million population. This is a high level of density compared to Sweden, the Netherlands, Norway, and the UK (20-30), but lower than in the Russian Federation (90), the Czech Republic, Germany, and Greece (100).The density of neurosurgeons per 1 million population and the ratio of neurosurgeons to the total population in 2019 was 16.8 / 1 : 59,502, which corresponds to the indicator in the Russian Federation — 16.8 / 1 : 59,524, significantly lower than in Japan — 58.95 / 1 : 16962] and higher than in the USA — 15.2 / 1 : 65,580. When comparing the indicators of 2016, it was revealed that the density of neurosurgeons per 1 million population in Ukraine is higher than the average in Europe — 17.5 against 11.76.In 2019, 1,127 neurosurgical patients were operated in Ukraine per 1 million population, which is lower than the average level of neurosurgical care for the European population (1,642).The average stay of a patient in a bed in 2019 was 10.5 days, and the bed occupancy was 81 % (297 days of work per year), which meets the international standard for bed occupancy (80-85 % / 292-310 days).Conclusions. The regions of Ukraine differ in the density of neurosurgical beds and neurosurgeons, but the population of the country as a whole is provided with them at the level of European standards.The performance of the bed density and workforce of the neurosurgical network of Ukraine corresponds to this in several European countries, but, despite the positive dynamics, it is still less than the average European indicator and does not cover the annual demand of the country.

More effective strategies are required to strengthen public awareness of COVID-19: Evidence from Google Trends

BackgroundThe outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has posed stress on the health and well-being of both Chinese people and the public worldwide. Global public interest in this new issue largely reflects people’s attention to COVID-19 and their willingness to take precautionary actions. This study aimed to examine global public awareness of COVID-19 using Google Trends.MethodsUsing Google Trends, we retrieved public query data for terms of “2019-nCoV + SARS-CoV-2 + novel coronavirus + new coronavirus + COVID-19 + Corona Virus Disease 2019” between the 31st December 2019 and the 24th February 2020 in six major English-speaking countries, including the USA, the UK, Canada, Ireland, Australia, and New Zealand. Dynamic series analysis demonstrates the overall change trend of relative search volume (RSV) for the topic on COVID-19. We compared the top-ranking related queries and sub-regions distribution of RSV about COVID-19 across different countries. The correlation between daily search volumes on the topic related to COVID-19 and the daily number of people infected with SARS-CoV-2 was analyzed.ResultsThe overall search trend of RSV regarding COVID-19 increased during the early period of observing time and reached the first apex on 31st January 2020. A shorter response time and a longer duration of public attention to COVID-19 was observed in public from the USA, the UK, Australia, and Canada, than that in Ireland and New Zealand. A slightly positive correlation between daily RSV about COVID-19 and the daily number of confirmed cases was observed (P < 0.05). People across countries presented a various interest to the RSV on COVID-19, and public awareness of COVID-19 was different in various sub-regions within countries.ConclusionsThe results suggest that public response time to COVID-19 was different across countries, and the overall duration of public attention was short. The current study reminds us that governments should strengthen the publicity of COVID-19 nationally, strengthen the public's vigilance and sensitivity to COVID-19, inform public the importance of protecting themselves with enough precautionary measures, and finally control the spread of COVID-19 globally.