Analysis Of Density Distribution Research Articles

The Optical and thermoelectric properties of layer structured Ba2XS4 (X = Zr, Hf) for energy harvesting applications

The main objective of this research is to provide a comprehensive insight into the optical and thermoelectric properties of layer structured Ba2XS4(X = Zr, Hf) for energy harvesting applications using Density Functional Theory (DFT) and semiclassical Boltzmann transport theory. There is a good match between the computed lattice parameters and the available experimental data. Both compounds are thermodynamically and mechanically stable and they are soft, ductile, machinable, and elastically anisotropic. The indirect band gaps are found to be 1.03 eV for Ba2ZrS4 and 1.48 eV for Ba2HfS4. Both compounds possess a mixture of ionic and covalent bonding confirmed by charge density distribution and Mulliken bond population analysis. The maximum absorption is in the ultraviolet regions ( of light spectra. The total thermal conductivity increases with temperature due to increasing trend of electronic thermal conductivity. The total thermal conductivity at 700 K along c-axis is 4.6 (6.1 W/mK) for Ba2ZrS4 (Ba2HfS4). For p-type Ba2ZrS4 (Ba2HfS4), power factor (PF) is about 7 (5.7) mW/mK2, whereas for n-type it is about 4 (3.9) mW/mK2 at 700 K along c-axis. The power factors of the studied compounds are much higher than those of the reported GeTe and SnSe which would create great interest for further study. The predicted ZT values at 700 K for p-type Ba2ZrS4 and Ba2HfS4 are 0.7 and 0.6, respectively. These values may further be improved through reduction of thermal conductivity and tuning ductility employing known suitable strategies such as alloying and nano-structuring. Finally, Ba2ZrS4 and Ba2HfS4 can be considered new eco-friendly alternatives to previously studied toxic lead-based thermoelectric materials. Their unique advantages of high thermodynamic stability, non-toxic nature and high performance make them strong candidate for sustainable energy solutions.

Enhanced Photodegradation of Organic Dyes Using Copper and Zinc Aluminate Nanophotocatalysts

This study aims to enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of CuxZn1-xAl2O4 (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8) nanophotocatalysts synthesized via a sol-gel self-combustion method. Rietveld analysis confirmed the formation of single-phase spinels with a face-centered cubic structure and Fd-3m space group symmetry, while electron density distribution analysis supported the ionic character of bonding within the material. Subsequent UV-visible spectroscopy revealed that the addition of Cu(II) reduced the band gap from 4.66eV to 2.54eV, facilitating enhanced light absorption. Consequently, the catalyst with x = 0.8 deteriorated 95% of methyl orange (MO) and 93% of rhodamine-B (RhB) in 120minutes of visible light irradiation, following a pseudo-first-order kinetic model. The Cu0.8Zn0.2Al2O4 sample demonstrated significant reusability and stability, with degradation rates of 93-79% for RhB and 95-81% for MO after four cycles. Scavenging studies indicated that photoexcited holes (h), hydroxyl radicals (OH•), and superoxide radicals (O₂•⁻) were key factors in the degradation process. This study presents an improved approach for enhancing the photodegradation performance of the Cu0.8Zn0.2Al2O4 catalyst for pharmaceutical and wastewater treatment applications.

Coupling between 2-pyridyl-selenyl chloride and phenyl-seleno-cyanate: synthesis, crystal structure and non-covalent inter-actions.

A new pyridine-fused seleno-diazo-lium salt, 3-(phenyl-selan-yl)[1,2,4]selena-diazolo[4,5-a]pyridin-4-ylium chloride di-chloro-methane 0.352-solvate, C12H9N2Se2 +·Cl-·0.352CH2Cl2, was obtained from the reaction between 2-pyridyl-selenenyl chloride and phenyl-seleno-cyanate. Single-crystal structural analysis revealed the presence of C-H⋯N, C-H⋯Cl-, C-H⋯Se hydrogen bonds as well as chalcogen-chalcogen (Se⋯Se) and chalcogen-halogen (Se⋯Cl-) inter-actions. Non-covalent inter-actions were explored by DFT calculations followed by topological analysis of the electron density distribution (QTAIM analysis). The structure consists of pairs of seleno-diazo-lium moieties arranged in a head-to-tail fashion surrounding disordered di-chloro-methane mol-ecules. The assemblies are connected by C-H⋯Cl- and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming layers, which stack along the c-axis direction connected by bifurcated Se⋯Cl-⋯H-C inter-actions.

Mapping and Characterization of Local Structures of CsPbBr3.

Inorganic perovskite CsPbBr3 is a promising material for optoelectronic applications and high-energy radiation detection due to its excellent photophysical properties, high carrier mobility, large carrier diffusion length, and higher stability than organic perovskite materials. Understanding phase transitions at the atomic level is crucial for optimizing its applications. Here, we employ experimental characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations to study the phase transitions in CsPbBr3 as a function of temperature. The simulation results are compared with the experimental results, which include X-ray diffraction (XRD). Our simulations provide new insights into the electronic structure and dynamic behavior of the Cs, Pb, and Br atoms as a function of temperature. We observe distinct phase transitions from monoclinic to cubic and analyze the associated changes in the local environment through atomic density contour maps. Our analysis of the atomic density distributions of the Pb, Br, and Cs atoms provides information about the crystal symmetry as a function of temperature. The tilt and rotation angles of [PbBr6] octahedra are increasing with the temperature increase and are found nonzero above 410 K when the structure is cubic, exhibiting the presence of dynamic tilting. Overall, our findings shed light on the thermal stability and structural dynamics of CsPbBr3, contribute to the fundamental understanding of its phase behavior, and provide a crucial pivot for guiding the design of next-generation optoelectronic and radiation detection devices.

Conformational and Electron Density Analysis of Bicyclo[3.1.0] hexanes: All Roads Lead to Boats

In view of the existence of an optimal conformation for molecular recognition and bearing in mind that nucleosides exhibit a broad range of pharmaceutical properties, whereby their conformation has a key role in molecular recognition, the tendency of the pseudosugar moiety in carbanucleosides to adopt a boat‐like conformation has been studied on the basis of a bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane system, resulting in versatile druglike scaffolds to increase molecular recognition. It is already known that using this system as a pseudosugar can fix the conformation in the northern or southern geometry required for biological activity, according to the relative position of the three‐membered ring. By mapping their energy potential surface, we investigated the preference for boat‐like conformers in bicyclo[3.1.0]hexanes. DFT was utilized alongside NBO analysis to explore the enhanced stability of boat‐like conformers, also considering the influence of oxygen, sulfur, and selenium heteroatoms. Additionally, charge density distribution analysis using QTAIM identified key atoms contributing to stability changes. These findings will help to comprehend this behavior in the drug discovery process when conformationally restricted nucleosides are involved.

Observation of the Transition from Triple Bonds to Single Bonds between Ru-Ge Bonding in RuGeO(CO)n- (n = 3-5).

This work reports the observation and characterization of heterobinuclear transition-metal main-group metal oxide carbonyl complex anions, RuGeO(CO)n- (n = 3-5), by combining mass-selected photoelectron velocity map imaging spectroscopy and quantum chemistry calculations. The experimentally determined vertical electron detachment energy of RuGeO(CO)3- surpasses those of RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-, which is attributed to distinctive bonding features. RuGeO(CO)3- manifests one covalent σ and two Ru-to-Ge dative π bonds, contrasting with the sole covalent σ bond present in RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-. Unpaired spin density distribution analysis reveals a 17-electron configuration at the Ru center in RuGeO(CO)3- and an 18-electron configuration in RuGeO(CO)4- and RuGeO(CO)5-. This work closes a gap in the quantitative physicochemical characterization of heteronuclear oxide carbonyl complexes, enhancing our insights into catalytic processes of CO/GeO on the metal surface at the molecular level.

Numerical analysis of a parallel triple-jet of liquid-sodium in a turbulent forced convection regime

In the present study, we have applied a combined wall-resolving dynamic Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) (for the velocity field) and Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) (for the temperature field) approach for mixing of parallel triple-jets with different temperatures of liquid sodium in a turbulent forced convection regime. Because of the high thermal conductivity of sodium (a low-Prandtl fluid), we adopted the dynamic Smagorinsky subgrid closure for the unresolved velocity scales, while the thermal scales are fully resolved. Furthermore, the Time-dependent Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (T-RANS) approach with the high-Reynolds number variant (i.e. with the wall functions as boundary conditions along solid boundaries) of the four-equation eddy viscosity model (k−ε−kθ−εθ) was applied. The fine-mesh LES/DNS provided a close agreement with the experimental data for both velocity and temperature fields (for both first- and second-moments). In contrast, the coarse-mesh LES/DNS overestimated the turbulent kinetic energy profiles at different distances from the inlet plane. The T-RANS results confirmed a good agreement with the mean streamwise velocity and turbulent kinetic energy, as well as the mean temperature profiles. Finally, the analysis of power spectral density distributions of the temperature signal revealed that all simulation techniques captured a dominant flow frequency originating from the induced Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities between the side and central jets. The presented combined dynamic LES/DNS approach is recommended for future simulations of the turbulent forced convection flows of low Prandtl fluids, especially if thermal fatigue effects need to be predicted correctly.

FFT-Based Probability Density Imaging of Euler Solutions.

When using traditional Euler deconvolution optimization strategies, it is difficult to distinguish between anomalies and their corresponding Euler tails (those solutions are often distributed outside the anomaly source, forming "tail"-shaped spurious solutions, i.e., misplaced Euler solutions, which must be removed or marked) with only the structural index. The nonparametric estimation method based on the normalized B-spline probability density (BSS) is used to separate the Euler solution clusters and mark different anomaly sources according to the similarity and density characteristics of the Euler solutions. For display purposes, the BSS needs to map the samples onto the estimation grid at the points where density will be estimated in order to obtain the probability density distribution. However, if the size of the samples or the estimation grid is too large, this process can lead to high levels of memory consumption and excessive computation times. To address this issue, a fast linear binning approximation algorithm is introduced in the BSS to speed up the computation process and save time. Subsequently, the sample data are quickly projected onto the estimation grid to facilitate the discrete convolution between the grid and the density function using a fast Fourier transform. A method involving multivariate B-spline probability density estimation based on the FFT (BSSFFT), in conjunction with fast linear binning appropriation, is proposed in this paper. The results of two random normal distributions show the correctness of the BSS and BSSFFT algorithms, which is verified via a comparison with the true probability density function (pdf) and Gaussian kernel smoothing estimation algorithms. Then, the Euler solutions of the two synthetic models are analyzed using the BSS and BSSFFT algorithms. The results are consistent with their theoretical values, which verify their correctness regarding Euler solutions. Finally, the BSSFFT is applied to Bishop 5X data, and the numerical results show that the comprehensive analysis of the 3D probability density distributions using the BSSFFT algorithm, derived from the Euler solution subset of x0,y0,z0, can effectively separate and locate adjacent anomaly sources, demonstrating strong adaptability.

Analysis of Density Distribution in a Cylindrical Specimen under Compaction Using the Example of Dry Ice.

When dealing with processes involving the compaction of bulk materials, very often the quality of the product is determined based on density measurements. Methods used in the industry do not produce compacted materials with high degrees of homogeneity. As a result, the quality of the resulting product, interpreted as its density, varies over the cross-section of the product. In this article, the authors present the results of a numerical study involving the analysis of the density distribution of compacted dry ice during the reciprocating process. The Drucker-Prager/cap model was used in this study, which allowed the change in mechanical properties of the compacted material to be taken into account during the simulation of the process. The diameter, height and density of the cylindrical specimens used in the numerical tests were taken as the variable parameters. Thus, as a result of the testing, the authors could formulate conclusions relating to their impact on the homogeneity of the material.

Band Gap Renormalization at Different Symmetry Points in Perovskites.

Using ultrafast broad-band transient absorption (TA) spectroscopy of photoexcited MAPbBr3 thin films with probe continua in the visible and the mid- to deep-ultraviolet (UV) ranges, we capture the ultrafast renormalization at the fundamental gap at the R symmetry point of the Brillouin zone (BZ) and a higher energy gap at the M symmetry point. Advanced global lifetime analysis and lifetime density distribution analysis are applied to extract quantitative information. Our work confirms the similarity of the response at both high-symmetry points, which indicates a band edge renormalization that rises within the instrument response function (IRF, ∼250 fs) and decays in ca. 400-600 fs, undergoing an energy red shift of 90-150 meV. The reported time scale corresponds to the decay of free carriers into neutral excitons. The ability to monitor different high-symmetry points in photoexcited perovskites opens exciting prospects for the characterization of a large class of materials and for photonic applications.

Research and simulation of electromagnetic wave absorbing performance for lightweight cement-based materials containing expanded polystyrene with different particle sizes and carbon black

The electromagnetic wave (EMW) absorbing performance of cement-based materials incorporating expanded polystyrene (EPS) with varying particle sizes is comprehensively studied through a combination of experimental and simulation methods. The addition of conductive carbon black (CB) to the cement matrix significantly increases the conductivity and dielectric constant, thereby improving the loss capacity. The frequency shift behavior of single and three-layer absorbing materials adheres to the effective medium theory and interference cancellation principle. The enhancement in overall EM parameters leads to a shift of the reflection loss (RL) peak towards lower frequencies. For three-layer materials, an increase in the thickness of absorbent layer proves beneficial for enhancing absorption performance. Simulations can effectively model cement-based materials by employing uniform material settings, with the size of EPS particles serving as the primary variable. The simulation results reveal that an increase in EPS particle size, in both single-layer and multi-layer materials, causes a shift of the RL peak towards lower frequencies. Additionally, analysis of electric field mode distribution and EM power loss density distribution indicates that scattering at the curved EPS interface alters the propagation direction of EMWs, increasing opportunities for loss inside the cement-based material. Moreover, the three-layer absorbing material, with a density ranging from 850 to 900 kg/m3 and compressive strength exceeding 4 MPa, is suitable for EMW absorption in building envelope structures. In conclusion, an increase in EPS particle size and CB content leads to a low-frequency shift of the RL absorption peak. This discovery not only provides an empirical foundation for the development of absorption materials tailored to specific frequency bands but also offers an efficient approach for repurposing waste EPS of diverse sizes. Furthermore, the grading of EPS with different particle sizes has important practical significance for increasing the content of EPS and preparing lightweight cement-based materials.

Ferrocene Appended D-π-A chromophores for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: Synthesis, Photophysical, Effect of Co-adsorbent on Photovoltaic Efficiencies and DFT studies

A new ferrocene conjugated donor–π–acceptor type of dyes 1 and 2 were synthesized and characterized using different spectroscopic techniques (FT-IR, NMR, and ESI-mass). The intramolecular charge transfer process of both the dyes were analysed using the solvatochromic method, which reveals positive solvatochromism due to its well stabilization in the excited states than in the ground states. The electrochemical behavior of the dyes 1 and 2 were carried out by the cyclic voltammetric technique, which shows quasi-reversible in nature, and the potentials were further utilized for the band gap calculation with UV–visible data [2.99 eV (1) and 2.88 eV (2)]. The photovoltaic attainments of the dyes 1 and 2 were studied through the dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) in the presence and absence of co-adsorbent like chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), which act as an anti-dye aggregation material. The photovoltaic parameters like short circuit current density (Jsc) = 0.067 mA cm2, open circuit voltage (Voc) = 0.444 V, fill factor (FF) = 0.447, and the cell displayed an overall conversion efficiency of 0.013 % for dye 2. In contrast, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) was found to be enhanced to 0.177 % (Jsc = 0.389 mA/cm2, Voc = 0.577 V, FF =0.790), in the presence of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) co-adsorbent. This enhancement in efficiency is due to reduced dye aggregation and increased electron injection in the presence of CDCA. In addition, chromophore 2 has 1.4 times higher efficiencies than 1, attributing to the presence of an additional phenyl group making an efficient intramolecular process of 2. Furthermore, the incident photon to current efficiency (IPCE) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) studies reveal the dye efficiencies were directly proportional to that of the power conversion efficiency (PCE), respectively. Moreover, the electronic structure and electron density distribution analysis were analysed for both dyes 1 and 2 to confirm the intramolecular charge transfer properties using density-functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent density-functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations using the B3LYP/ 6–31+G** level of theory.

A real-time feeding decision method based on density estimation of farmed fish

With the global population growth and increasing demand for high-quality protein, aquaculture has experienced rapid development. Fish culture management and feed supply are crucial components of aquaculture. Traditional baiting management relies on experiential judgment and regular observation, which often leads to inefficient baiting practices and wastage. To address these issues, intelligent bait casting decisions have emerged. Leveraging advanced artificial intelligence algorithms, intelligent bait casting decisions can overcome most drawbacks of traditional bait management and enhance breeding efficiency. However, most of the current intelligent baiting decisions are focused on using methods such as image processing and target detection to identify different feeding actions and patterns. These methods do not discuss based on video streams and do not consider the changes in fish behavior during the baiting process. Therefore, we proposed a real-time analysis method based on the density distribution of fish feeding behavior (FishFeed). Firstly, this method upgrades the input mechanism, not only handling static images but also capable of real-time video stream analysis. Secondly, by evaluating the fish school density distribution through a new intelligent baiting strategy, this method can monitor the feeding behavior of fish school during the baiting process in real time. Finally, we constructed a dataset for fish school density analysis (DlouFishDensity) that includes a wealth of video and image frames, providing a valuable resource for research. Experimental results indicate that our algorithm outperforms MCNN, improving MAE by 1.63 and 1.35, MSE by 1.92 and 1.58, and reducing prediction time by 2.56 seconds on the same dataset. By implementing real-time analysis of fish feeding behavior density distribution, our method offers a more efficient and effective approach to baiting management in aquaculture, contributing to improved breeding efficiency and resource utilization.

Effects of gas velocity on nonequilibrium characteristics of fluidization

The gas velocity is a key factor of the macroscale operating conditions, affecting the nonequilibrium behavior and regime transitions of fluidization, but the mechanism of its effects remains unclear, resulting in a deterioration of the accuracy of the two-fluid model (TFM) simulation with the increase of the gas velocity. To seek its underlying mechanism, we performed time-resolved, particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) measurements of a fluidized bed operated under bubbling to turbulent states, thereon the analysis of the probability density distribution of particle velocity, and hydrodynamic parameters. It is found that a stronger nonequilibrium exists with the increase of the gas velocity, in the sense that the bimodal distribution of particle velocity is more significant at turbulent fluidization. The total fluctuating energy and stress show a scale separation, suggesting that a reasonable continuum modeling should take into account the whole range of fluctuation.

Halogen Bond-Assisted Supramolecular Dimerization of Pyridinium-Fused 1,2,4-Selenadiazoles via Four-Center Se2N2 Chalcogen Bonding.

The synthesis and structural characterization of α-haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles with various counterions is reported herein, demonstrating a strategy for directed supramolecular dimerization in the solid state. The compounds were obtained through a recently discovered 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents, and their structures were confirmed by the X-ray crystallography. α-Haloalkyl-substituted pyridinium-fused 1,2,4-selenadiazoles exclusively formed supramolecular dimers via four-center Se···N chalcogen bonding, supported by additional halogen bonding involving α-haloalkyl substituents. The introduction of halogens at the α-position of the substituent R in the selenadiazole core proved effective in promoting supramolecular dimerization, which was unaffected by variation of counterions. Additionally, the impact of cocrystallization with a classical halogen bond donor C6F3I3 on the supramolecular assembly was investigated. Non-covalent interactions were studied using density functional theory calculations and topological analysis of the electron density distribution, which indicated that all ChB, XB and HB interactions are purely non-covalent and attractive in nature. This study underscores the potential of halogen and chalcogen bonding in directing the self-assembly of functional supramolecular materials employing 1,2,4-selenadiazoles derived from recently discovered cycloaddition between nitriles and bifunctional 2-pyridylselenyl reagents.

A statistical analysis of human talar shape and bone density distribution.

The shape of the talus, its internal structure, and its mechanical properties are important in determining talar behavior during loading, which may be significant for the design of surgical tools and implants. Although recent studies using statistical shape modeling have described quantitative talar external shape variation, no similar quantitative study exists to describe the density distribution of internal talar structure. The goal of this study is to quantify statistical variation in talar shape and density to benefit the design of talar implants. To this end, weight-bearing computed tomography (CT) scans of the ankle were collected in neutral, bilateral standing posture, and three-dimensional models were generated for each talus. Local density derived from the Hounsfield unit of each CT voxel was extracted. A weighted spherical harmonic analysis was performed to quantify the talar external shape. One hundred and seventy-nine volumes of interest were placed in the same relative position within each talus to quantify the talar density. Additionally, a finite element analysis (FEA) was conducted on a talus with both heterogeneous and homogeneous material properties to observe the effect of these properties on the stress and strain response. Significant differences were found in the talar density in sex and age, as well as in the stress and strain response between homogeneous and heterogeneous FEA. These differences show the importance of considering heterogeneity when examining the load response of tarsal bones.

Dynamical Identification of Urban-Rural Gradient and Ecosystem Service Response: A Case Study of Jinghong City, China

Understanding ecosystem service characteristics along urban-rural gradients is vital for enhancing the well-being of urban and rural residents. Despite this importance, prior research has neglected the dynamic evolution of urban-rural gradients during urbanization. This study investigates the spatiotemporal variations of four ecosystem services—habitat quality, carbon sequestration, water yield, and soil retention—along the urban-rural gradient in Jinghong City, China. We propose a method for identifying the gradient using the inverse S function of urban land density distribution and concentric analysis. From 2000 to 2020, ecosystem service supply capacity in Jinghong City continuously declined, indicating degradation over the two decades. The urban-rural gradient zone is classified as core area, inner urban area, suburban area, and urban periphery, each experiencing outward expansion, reflecting significant urbanization. Changes in ecosystem services along the gradient revealed consistently high losses in habitat quality, carbon sequestration, and overall services in the inner urban area, while water yield and soil retention suffered the greatest losses in the urban periphery. As urbanization expanded outward, the loss of these services shifted from the inner urban area to the suburban and urban periphery. These results support decision-making in urban planning and sustainable development for urban-rural regions.

(1-x)(Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅)TiO₃-xCaTiO₃ ceramics: Investigating structural and microstructural features for enhanced dielectric properties

(1-x)(Na₀.₅Bi₀.₅)TiO₃-xCaTiO₃ Lead-free piezoelectric systems, positioned near the morphotropic phase boundary, were synthesized for varying compositions (x = 0.0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, and 0.20) using the solid-state reaction route. This study delves into the comprehensive investigation of the compositional effects on phase, structure, and electrical characteristics. Specifically, a morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) involving rhombohedral (R3c) and orthorhombic (Pnma) structures was seen in a (1-x)NBT-xCT crystal structure close to the composition of x = 0.10. Information on the pure phase formation and grain size of the intended composite system has been obtained using Rietveld refinement of the X-ray diffraction (XRD) diagram as well as scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The impact of the CT phase on the NBT lattice was investigated through an analysis of the charge density distribution. Using Williamson-Hall plots from XRD data, the average particle diameter was estimated to be between 131.87 nm and 136.54 nm. The relative permittivity increases with the addition of Ca2+, according to dielectric measurements. All ceramics exhibit a diffuse phase transition near (Tm) with a diffusivity range of 1.5–1.8, and a downward shift in depolarization temperature (Td). At the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), excellent dielectric properties were observed at x = 0.10, which are attributed to the presence of both rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures as well as an appropriate particle size. The conduction process at different temperatures is thermally activated, as determined by the frequency-dependent ac conductivity.

Numerical study of implosion instability mitigation in magnetically driven solid liner dynamic screw pinches

Magnetized liner inertial fusion experiments on the Z accelerator suffer from magneto-Rayleigh–Taylor instabilities (MRTI) that compromise integrity of the imploding cylindrical liner, limiting achievable fusion fuel conditions and ultimately reducing magneto-inertial fusion target performance. Dynamic screw pinches (DSP) provide a method to reduce MRTI in-flight via application of magnetic field line tension to the imploding liner outer surface. In contrast with z-pinches that drive implosions with an azimuthal magnetic field, dynamic screw pinches enforce an additional axial drive magnetic field component, making the overall drive magnetic field helical. As the liner implodes, cumulative MRTI development is reduced by dynamically shifting the orientation of the fastest growing instability modes. Three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic simulations show that the DSP mechanism effectively stabilizes initially solid cylindrical liner implosions driven by Z-scale current pulses, indicating that MRTI mitigation increases with the ratio of axial to azimuthal drive magnetic field components (i.e., the drive field ratio). We also performed a spectral analysis of the simulated imploding density distributions, extracting wavelength and pitch angle of the simulated MRTI structures to study their dynamics during the implosion. Simulations of liners initially perturbed with drive-field-aligned sinusoidal structures indicate that MRTI mitigation in DSP implosions decreases with perturbation wavelength, once again suggestive of magnetic field line tension effects.

Approximate N5LO Higgs Boson Decay Width Γ(H→γγ)

The precision and predictive power of perturbative QCD (pQCD) prediction depends on both a precise, convergent, fixed-order series and a reliable way of estimating the contributions of unknown higher-order (UHO) terms. It has been shown that by applying the principle of maximum conformality (PMC), which applies the renormalization group equation recursively to set the effective magnitude of αs of the process, the remaining conformal coefficients will be well matched with the corresponding αs at each order, leading to a scheme-and-scale invariant and more convergent perturbative series. The PMC series, being satisfied with the standard renormalization group invariance, has a rigorous foundation. Thus it not only can be widely applied to virtually all high-energy hadronic processes, but also can be a reliable platform for estimating UHO contributions. In this paper, by using the total decay width Γ(H→γγ) which has been calculated up to N4LO QCD corrections, we first derive its PMC series by using the PMC single-scale setting approach and then estimate its unknown N5LO contributions by using a Bayesian analysis. The newly suggested Bayesian-based approach estimates the magnitude of the UHO contributions based on an optimized analysis of the probability density distribution, and the predicted UHO contribution becomes more accurate when more loop terms have been known to tame the probability density function. Using the top-quark pole mass Mt = 172.69 GeV and the Higgs mass MH = 125.25 GeV as inputs, we obtain Γ(H→γγ)=9.56504keV, and the estimated N5LO contribution to the total decay width is ΔΓH=±1.65×10−4keV for the smallest credible interval of 95.5% degree of belief.