Analysis Of Distribution Data Research Articles

ALTERAÇÕES NUTRICIONAIS ASSOCIADAS AO TRATAMENTO QUIMIOTERÁPICO EM PACIENTES COM CÂNCER

Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy have side effects that alter feeding and absorption of nutrients, compromising the nutritional status, causing discontinuation of treatment. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of chemotherapy on nutritional status of cancer patients. The methodologies consisted of non-standardizedquestionnaire, assessment of body mass index (BMI) and search of information on the patient's record. For data distribution analysis was used Kolmogorov Smirnov, correlation analysis was applied to Spearman's test with 5% significance level. The types of cancer that showed greater weight loss were laryngeal tumors, stomach, leukemia, intestine, lung and breast, respectively. Side effects that were associated with changes in nutritional status were change in appetite, dysphasia and enteritis. The conclusion is that weight loss is a frequent change in these patients, contributing to a poor prognosis and decreased quality of life

Ecology of foraminifera during the middle Eocene climatic optimum in Kutch, India

The shallow marine carbonates of Kutch temporally correspond to the globally recognised warming period called Middle Eocene Climatic Optimum (MECO) that extended from later part of planktic foraminiferal zone E11 to E12 and Shallow Benthic Zone (SBZ) 17. The present study aims to investigate how foraminifera responded ecologically to the warming event. It involves identification and distribution of foraminifera, and cluster and detrended correspondence analyses of the species distribution data. Selected samples across E11 and E12 were analysed for carbon isotopes. The major conclusions are: (i) bloom of Jenkinsina columbiana in zone E11, possibly marking the initiation of warming in a shallow, eutrophic sea, (ii) increased foraminiferal diversity, appearance of Orbulinoides beckmanni and Acarinina and a sharp rise in the sea level in the early part of E12 (iii) significant jump in diversity and abundance of larger benthic foraminifera in E12, signifying warm, clear-water oligotrophic seas, promoting the formation of platform carbonates, (iv) MECO does not seem to have adversely impacted the foraminifera in shallow seas, and larger benthic foraminifera were rather ultimately superior in their diversity, abundance, size and latitudinal distribution and (v) δ13C excursions up to 1.5 ‰ are noted in the upper parts of E11 and lower parts of E12.

Comparison of the NH4+-N removal ability by Klebsiella sp. FC61 in a bacterial suspension system and a bacterial immobilization system

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the removal of ammonia-nitrogen (NH 4 + -N) in a bacterial suspension system (BSS) and a bacterial immobilization system (BIS) using the iron-reducing bacterium Klebsiella sp. FC61. The experimental results showed that the pellets in the BIS could adsorb part of the iron ions in the solution. Although the adsorption of Fe 3+ was stronger than that of Fe 2+ , single-layer physical adsorption was observed in both cases. Furthermore, the self-inhibition effect of the bacteria from the suspended state to the immobilized state was effectively improved in the BIS, with a maximum NH 4 + -N removal rate (r max ) of 0.7241 mg/L/h for the BIS and 0.3732 mg/L/h for the BSS. Moreover, strain FC61 could effectively remove the NH 4 + -N in both the BIS and BSS, while maintaining a lower concentration of iron ions, nitrate, nitrite, and the quantity of microorganism in the solution. The results of response surface methodology showed that the predicted maximum removal ratio of NH 4 + -N in the BIS was 70.31% (actual value = 72.15%), which was higher than that of the BSS at 59.59% (actual value = 61.37%) at the same time point of 48 h. Analysis of bacterial distribution and growth data suggested that removal of NH 4 + -N by strain FC61 would be more favorable in the BIS than in the BSS.

Supernumerary renal vessels: analysis of frequency and configuration in 996 computed tomography studies.

Number, course and division pattern of renal vessels is highly variable. Variant renal vasculature is of high interest in nephrectomy for the renal transplantations, both in deceased and living donors. The purpose of the study was to analyse the frequency of supernumerary renal vessels in a large cohort of patients undergoing the multiphase abdominopelvic computed tomography (CT), as well as analyse the possible patterns of coexisting supernumerary arteries in veins. A retrospective analysis of abdominopelvic CT studies within 1 year period was performed. In each study, number of renal arteries and veins was recorded. Course of left renal vein was classified into normal, retro- or periaortic. For statistical analysis of normal distribution data, t-Student test was used. Chi-square test was used for frequency of variant vessel distribution. Pearson correlation coefficient was used for the analysis of coexistence of supernumerary vessels. 996 patients were included in the analysis, male to female ratio: 481:515 (48%:52%). Mean age was 57.9 ± 14.7 years. Single renal arteries were observed in 73% of cases, while single renal veins in 95%. Circumaortic or retroaortic courses of left renal veins were observed in 10% of cases. Number of renal vessels has been compared in patients with and without supernumerary vessels. In patients with supernumerary left renal artery, significantly more right renal vessels were observed. In patients with supernumerary right renal vein, mean number of all remaining vessels was significantly higher. Supernumerary renal vessels are a frequent finding in abdominal CT studies. Finding a supernumerary vessel should increase awareness of possible other supernumerary renal vessels.

Complex analysis of scattering 1p-shell nuclei in the framework of coupled channel method

The scattering process on 1p-shell nuclei, having the cluster structure, can be seen in the anomaly increasing of cross sections for large angles. Most often, this increasing of cross sections is connected with mechanism of transfer of clusters or nucleons. The study of the α-cluster transfer mechanism in the elastic scattering of 20Ne ions on 16O nuclei is important for investigation burning process in evolution of the Universe immediately after the Big-Bang. Therefore new experiment on the heavy ion accelerator (Warsaw University) was carried out with a significant expansion of the range of angles up to 1700 in center mass system at ELab=50.0 MeV. Data analysis of angular distribution was performed in framework of the optical model and coupled channel method. The optimal parameters of the optical potential were obtained and the spectroscopic factor was obtained 1 for 20Ne as α +16O.

Integrated Component Reliability Modeling for Helicopter Service Industry

A helicopter service industry is concerned with component reliability, as poor component reliability jeopardizes the safe operation of aircraft. Currently the maintenance process used for component overhauls and replacements is typically based on the maximum intervals called Hard Time (HT) limits recommended by manufacturer without using the real-world reliability data. In this case study, an integrated component reliability modeling procedure using is proposed to identify proper component overhaul and replacement intervals for a leading helicopter service industry. This procedure considers analysis methods including removal rate analysis, mean time between failure (MTBF) analysis, average life analysis, data distribution analysis, and total quality management (TQM) shop survey which can be used as a framework to support reliability programs in the helicopter industry, working as a decision-support tool for the modification of manufacturer’s recommended intervals. An illustrative example is provided to show the use of this modeling procedure. Future work could be done to correlate inventory analysis using component reliability modeling leading to total productive maintenance.

What are the Driving Factors Influencing the Size Distribution of Airborne Synthetic Clay Particles Emitted from a Jet Milling Process?

In the field of workplace air quality, measuring and analyzing the size distribution of airborne particles to identify their sources and apportion their contribution has become widely accepted, however, the driving factors that influence this parameter, particularly for nanoparticles (< 100 nm), have not been thoroughly determined. Identification of driving factors, and in turn, general trends in size distribution of emitted particles would facilitate the prediction of nanoparticles’ emission behavior and significantly contribute to their exposure assessment. In this study, a comprehensive analysis of the particle number size distribution data, with a particular focus on the ultrafine size range of synthetic clay particles emitted from a jet milling machine was conducted using the multi-lognormal fitting method. The results showed relatively high contribution of nanoparticles to the emissions in many of the tested cases, and also, that both surface treatment and feed rate of the machine are significant factors influencing the size distribution of the emitted particles of this size. In particular, applying surface treatments and increasing the machine feed rate have the similar effect of reducing the size of the particles, however, no general trend was found in variations of size distribution across different surface treatments and feed rates. The findings of our study demonstrate that for this process and other activities, where no general trend is found in the size distribution of the emitted airborne particles due to dissimilar effects of the driving factors, each case must be treated separately in terms of workplace exposure assessment and regulations.

Challenges Analyzing RNA-Seq Gene Expression Data

The analysis of messenger Ribonucleic acid obtained through sequencing techniques (RNA-se- quencing) data is very challenging. Once technical difficulties have been sorted, an important choice has to be made during pre-processing: Two different paths can be chosen: Transform RNA- sequencing count data to a continuous variable or continue to work with count data. For each data type, analysis tools have been developed and seem appropriate at first sight, but a deeper analysis of data distribution and structure, are a discussion worth. In this review, open questions regarding RNA-sequencing data nature are discussed and highlighted, indicating important future research topics in statistics that should be addressed for a better analysis of already available and new appearing gene expression data. Moreover, a comparative analysis of RNAseq count and transformed data is presented. This comparison indicates that transforming RNA-seq count data seems appropriate, at least for differential expression detection.

Small mammal distributional patterns in Northwestern Argentina

ABSTRACT Quantitative evaluations of species distributional congruence allow evaluating previously proposed biogeographic regionalization and even identify undetected areas of endemism. The geographic scenery of Northwestern Argentina offers ideal conditions for the study of distributional patterns of species since the boundaries of a diverse group of biomes converge in a relatively small region, which also includes a diverse fauna of mammals. In this paper we applied a grid-based explicit method in order to recognize Patterns of Distributional Congruence (PDCs) and Areas of Endemism (AEs), and the species (native but non-endemic and endemic, respectively) that determine them. Also, we relate these distributional patterns to traditional biogeographic divisions of the study region and with a very recent phytogeographic study and we reconsider what previously rejected as 'spurious' areas. Finally, we assessed the generality of the patterns found. The analysis resulted in 165 consensus areas, characterized by seven species of marsupials, 28 species of bats, and 63 species of rodents, which represents a large percentage of the total species (10, 41, and 73, respectively). Twenty-five percent of the species that characterize consensus areas are endemic to the study region and define six AEs in strict sense while 12 PDCs are mainly defined by widely distributed species. While detailed quantitative analyses of plant species distribution data made by other authors does not result in units that correspond to Cabrera's phytogeographic divisions at this spatial scale, analyses of animal species distribution data does. We were able to identify previously unknown meaningful faunal patterns and more accurately define those already identified. We identify PDCs and AEs that conform Eastern Andean Slopes Patterns, Western High Andes Patterns, and Merged Eastern and Western Andean Slopes Patterns, some of which are re-interpreted at the light of known patterns of the endemic vascular flora. Endemism do not declines towards the south, but do declines towards the west of the study region. Peaks of endemism are found in the eastern Andean slopes in Jujuy and Tucumán/Catamarca, and in the western Andean biomes in Tucumán/Catamarca. The principal habitat types for endemic small mammal species are the eastern humid Andean slopes. Notwithstanding, arid/semi-arid biomes and humid landscapes are represented by the same number of AEs. Rodent species define 15 of the 18 General Patterns, and only in one they have no participation at all. Clearly, at this spatial scale, non-flying mammals, particularly rodents, are biogeographically more valuable species than flying mammals (bat species).

Имитационное моделирование аварийных ситуаций в гидравлических системах

The technology of information support of the hydraulic component reliability models based on computational experiment. The results of simulations of hydraulic systems based on the criterion of dependence. The forecast loss of capacity based only on the data analysis of the flow distribution in the undisturbed state

Liquid-liquid extraction of cadmium(II) by TIOACl (tri-iso-octylammonium chloride) ionic liquid and its application to a TIOACl impregnated carbon nanotubes system

The extraction of cadmium(II) by the ionic liquid (R 3 NH + Cl - ) (R: tri-iso-octyl) in Exxsol D100 from hydrochloric acid solution has been investigated. The extraction reaction is exothermic. The numerical analysis of metal distribution data suggests the formation of R 3 NH + CdCl 3 − and (R 3 NH + ) 2 CdCl 4 2− species in the organic phase. The results obtained for cadmium(II) distribution have been implemented in an impregnated multi-walled carbon nanotubes system. The influence of aqueous solution stirring speed (250–2000 min −1 ), adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.2 g) and temperature (20 °C–60 °C) on cadmium adsorption have been investigated.

Plasma vs heart tissue concentration in humans - literature data analysis of drugs distribution.

Little is known about the uptake of drugs into the human heart, although it is of great importance nowadays, when science desires to predict tissue level behavior rather than to measure it. Although the drug concentration in cardiac tissue seems a better predictor for physiological and electrophysiological changes than its level in plasma, knowledge of this value is very limited. Tissue to plasma partition coefficients (Kp) come to rescue since they characterize the distribution of a drug among tissues as being one of the input parameters in physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. The article reviews cardiac surgery and forensic medical studies to provide a reference for drug concentrations in human cardiac tissue. Firstly, the focus is on whether a drug penetrates into heart tissue at a therapeutic level; the provided values refer to antibiotics, antifungals and anticancer drugs. Drugs that directly affect cardiomyocyte electrophysiology are another group of interest. Measured levels of amiodarone, digoxin, perhexiline and verapamil in different sites in human cardiac tissue where the compounds might meet ion channels, gives an insight into how these more lipophilic drugs penetrate the heart. Much data are derived from postmortem studies and they provide insight to the cardiac distribution of more than 200 drugs. The analysis depicts potential problems in defining the active concentration location, what may indirectly suggest multiple mechanisms involved in the drug distribution within the heart. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Patterns of Sprawl: The Socioeconomic and Territorial Profile of Dispersed Urban Areas in Italy

Salvati L. and Carlucci M. Patterns of sprawl: the socioeconomic and territorial profile of dispersed urban areas in Italy, Regional Studies. The debate on the causes and consequences of urban sprawl has not led to a widely accepted interpretative framework so far. However, to formulate effective sustainable development policies, a comprehensive analysis of sprawl is becoming more and more urgent in Europe. Through an exploratory data analysis of the spatial distribution of 132 indicators (regarded as socioeconomic and environmental factors of urban sprawl) in 8100 Italian municipalities affected by different levels of settlement dispersion, this study discusses place-specific factors that depend on the socioeconomic context and lead to diverging models of sprawl throughout the country. The illustrated methodology produces an informative base possibly supporting urban containment and sustainable development policies in ‘sprawling’ regions.

Analysis of longitudinal momentum distribution data of core fragment coming from 9Be(11Be, 10Be+n)9Be stripping reaction

Here we investigate the effects of first-order correction to eikonal approximation in the analysis of longitudinal momentum distribution (LMD) data of outgoing core fragment 10 Be coming from 9 Be (11 Be , 10 Be + n )9 Be stripping reaction at 60 MeV/A incident energy. It is found that the inclusion of first-order correction term alters the tail region significantly which in turn improves matching between the data and prediction.

Selected, optimum, pessimal and tolerant temperatures in cladocera Simocephalus vetulus (O.F. Müller, 1776)

Temperature election and avoidance are investigated in Simocephalus vetulus (O.F. Müller 1776), caught during the vegetative season in the littoral of the Rybinsk Reservoir. The methodology for determining a thermotolerance range, a temperature zone of normal vital activity and pessimal temperatures, based on the data analysis of distribution of cladocerans in a thermal gradient installation, is proposed. The range of final elected temperatures (FET) (13.4–25.4 о С), corresponding to the optimum temperatures for growth and development of cladocerans, is indicated. The temperature zone of normal vital activity (&gt;7.0 and &lt;29.0 о С), pessimal temperature range (4.0–7.0 о С and 29.0–32.0 о С) and temperature limits of species tolerance (4.0–32.0 о С), coinciding with the field observations of S. vetulus populations, are calculated.

Managing Information Rights to Develop the Energy Informatics Field

Data-mining can use pattern and cluster analysis in regulated domains to discover important relationships, anomalies and dependencies. Information sciences promise to enrich the emerging field of “energy informatics.” Law both constrains and enables analysis of energy exploration, production, refining and distribution data, promising market efficiencies and environmental quality. This paper explores the management of information governance to enhance access to energy-related data repositories: reservoir geophysical, commodity/financial markets, leasing, land rights, environmental, refinery characteristics, pipelines, supply chain, critical infrastructure, fuel chemistry, and GIS. Provisional relationships are developed among these data sets using open and proprietary sources to enhance energy sustainability and economic security.

A method for assessing nanomaterial dispersion quality based on principal component analysis of particle size distribution data

Seemingly contradictory findings between studies are a major issue in nanoecotoxicological research and have been explained as a result of the lack of comparability between assay methods, with dispersion of nanomaterials being identified as a key factor. Here we show the use of a multivariate method, principal component analysis (PCA), as a tool in protocol development and categorization of dispersion quality. Results show the significance of particle concentration within a protocol, and its effect on repeatability. Our results suggest that future studies should involve the use of PCA as a powerful data exploration tool to facilitate method development, comparability and integration of data across different laboratories.

Analysis of Residence Time Distribution Data in Horizontal Fluidized Beds

In chemical, pharmaceutical or food industries many materials are available as solid intermediates and have to be converted or adapted in subsequent processes. In order to decrease labor and downtime, a continuous process is desired, in spite of the disadvantage of a distribution of the particle residence time and hence of the characteristic particle properties. Still because of economic reasons a continuous process is preferred while minimizing dispersion.The general way to determine the dispersion coefficient, indicating the degree of dispersion, is by means of the method of moments. A problem occurs when the measured distribution is not smooth but rather scattered or when the tail of the curve is cut. In this case the calculation of the dispersion coefficient becomes imprecise and other methods have to be applied. For this reason, an one-parametric tank-in-series model was used and fitted to the measured data. The fitted parameter was used to determine the dispersion coefficient. Furthermore a dynamic model based on population balances has been discretized and implemented. Optimization was accomplished by minimizing the difference of measured and simulated data by using the method of least squares. The results of all methods have been compared to each other and depicted graphically.

Application and Architecture of Power Dispatching &amp;amp; Distribution System Using Big Data Technology

As the new energy resources including scenery storage have been well accessed into power grid, the operation process of power dispatching and distribution involves the massive, multi type, high complex data which contain the real-time data, plan data, warning and monitoring data, environmental data. Nowadays, the application of big data focused on single analysis of structured and semi-structured data. And the deep learning analysis hasn’t been concerned, transforming power gird data into knowledge is the inevitable trend in the development of smart grid. In this paper, the power dispatching and distribution data were analyzed in detail from the data source, data characteristics, the trend of application etc. According to the new requirement of smart grid now and in the future, the potential application with big data technology was studied in the field of smart grid and the reference opinions was provide by intelligent analysis and decision which are accurate, security, economic, comprehensive optimal features. Finally, to meeting requirement of the power dispatching &amp; distribution data analysis, power dispatching and distribution data system architecture was designed which is an integrated software/hardware, storage-computation-communication trinity. And it was proved that power dispatching and distribution data system architecture have strong supporting, service and safety ability.

Accessibility and the local concentration of economic activity: a case study for county Galway

Road infrastructure investment has been a major policy instrument to achieve higher levels of accessibility and connectivity among distant regions in Ireland. Increased connectivity is generally regarded as a mechanism to provide strong inter-regional linkages and regional growth. This paper contributes to the debate on the relationship between accessibility and the concentration of activity at the local level in Ireland by investigating the spatial patterns of accessibility and the concentration of economic activity by industrial sector in a particular region of the West of Ireland, County Galway. Geographic Information System (GIS) network analysis is used to construct a gravity-based accessibility index. Standardised Employment Rates (SERs) are computed to generate reliable measures of spatial employment distribution and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) is carried out to identify local concentrations of economic activity by industrial group. Results show that in general, local spatial concentrations of activity vary by industrial group. While some sectors favour accessibility-rich locations, local concentrations of activity by other sectors are also found in poor accessibility areas. The results from the analysis are discussed in the context of regional policy and the direct implications for transport planning at the local level in Galway.