Analysis Of Credit Research Articles

Penerapan Prinsip Character Dalam Pelaksanaan Prinsip Kehati-hatian pada Analisis Pemberian Kredit Usaha Mikro

Credit is the ability to carry out a purchase or make a loan with a promise that payment will be deferred at an agreed time period. One financial institution that can provide credit is the bank, when providing credit the bank not only uses its own capital but also uses the customer's funds that have been entrusted to the bank. When providing credit, the bank cannot avoid the risk of non-performing loans, related to this, the bank applies the precautionary principle that is realized by the existence of the 5C principle, one of which is character. The application of the character principle aims to assess the character or character of the prospective debtor, whether the prospective debtor has a good character or is not good. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the factors driving and inhibiting the implementation of character principles in the analysis of micro business credit as a form of implementing prudential principles at Bank Mandiri Jember Branch. The type of research used by the author is Empirical Juridical. Then the method used is a qualitative approach method. The results of this research are the driving factors consisting of several factors, among others, in order to make credit activities run safely, minimize losses, ensure the smooth delivery of credit facilities, and build cooperation and trust between banks and customers for a long period of time. Related to the inhibiting factors consist of non-cooperative customers, bad faith in bank management, human resources, and proximity.

Analysis of Credit and Liquidity Risk towards Profitability of Rural Bank (BPR) in the District of Bandung Registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK) for 2014 to 2019

BPR is a financial institution that distributes funds to borrowers, especially to Medium, Small and Micro Enterprises (MSMEs) to increase income and improve the real sector economy. This research was conducted on 21 rural banks (BPR) in the city of Bandung, by analyzing the Non-Performing Loan (NPL) and the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) on the performance of Rural Banks (BPR) as measured by using Return on Assets (ROA). Data obtained from the Financial Services Authority (OJK) and regulations issued by Bank Indonesia (BI) obtained using Eviews are rural bank financial reports from 2014 to 2019, it is found that NPL has an effect on ROA while LDR has no effect on ROA but simultaneously NPL and LDR has an effect on ROA. From the results of the Hypothesis test, it was found that the magnitude of the influence was 85.33% and the remaining 14.67% were other factors that were not examined. From the results of this study, it is hoped that OJK will be more strict in supervising BPR operations, especially in the city of Bandung and for BPR management it is hoped that it can increase ROA by channeling loans to borrowers on target so as not to increase NPL.

An Analysis of the Baltimore Historic Preservation Tax Credit

An Analysis of the Baltimore Historic Preservation Tax Credit

A simple and fast algorithm for estimating the capacity credit of solar and storage

Energy storage is a leading option to enhance the resource adequacy contribution of solar energy. Detailed analysis of the capacity credit of solar energy and energy storage is limited in part due to the data intensive and computationally complex nature of probabilistic resource adequacy assessments. This paper presents a simple algorithm for calculating the capacity credit of energy-limited resources that, due to the low computational and data needs, is well suited to exploratory analysis. Validation against benchmarks based on probabilistic techniques shows that it can yield similar insights. The method is used to evaluate the impact of different solar and storage configurations, particularly with respect to the strategy for coupling storage and solar photovoltaic systems. Application of the method to a case study of utilities in Florida, where solar is rapidly growing and demand peaks in the winter and summer, demonstrates that it can improve on rules of thumb used in practice by some utilities. If storage is required to charge only from solar, periods of high demand driven by cold weather events accompanied by lower solar production can result in a capacity credit of solar and storage that is less than the capacity credit of storage alone.

The Brazilian Emergency Income Aid Bailout and Post-COVID-19 Consumers Surveillance

In this brief essay, we seek to present the outline of a future paper that will analyze the risks involved in the mechanism chosen by the Brazilian Federal Government for the granting of an Emergency Income Aid Bailout provided for in federal law no. 13982, that is, the opening of digital accounts for those who did not have bank accounts at the time of enrollment in the social program, thereby reaching the population that, at one time, was far from the State's inspection eyes in economic matters. It is about the inclusion of about 30 million new consumers in the databases that also feed the recently regulated “Cadastro Positivo de Credito”, the Brazilian version of the with the special detail that the fulfillment of certain legal requirements guarantees a greater categorization of these consumers, with direct impact on the most accurate deduction of the consumption profile of each citizen and, consequently, on the granting of credit in the country. In the study that follows, it is attempted to demonstrate how the creation of these digital accounts - a maneuver used as a solution in the “state of exception” resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, for the distribution of emergency income aid bailout - will have implications for future analysis of credit for those who were on the margins of the automated systems regulated by the Credit Reports, reflecting as yet another tool capable of reinforcing chronic surveillance over the Brazilian consumer market.

Ferramenta de análise de riscos na concessão de crédito por cooperativas financeiras para pessoas jurídicas

Este estudo objetiva elaborar uma ferramenta de análise com visão ampla dos riscos envolvidos em uma cooperativa financeira na concessão de crédito. Analisou-se os riscos na cooperativa afim de identificar as atuais ferramentas de análise de crédito; verificar a eficiência destas, as mutações do risco e seus impactos durante diferentes períodos. Operacionalizou-se entrevistas com gerentes, bem como um levantamento documental da carteira de crédito, que revelou que a falta de uma efetiva análise dos riscos na concessão de crédito interfere diretamente no resultado econômico da instituição, a qual representaria em média cinco milhões a mais entre 2010 e 2016. Os achados demonstram que 26% das concessões no período analisado não foram recuperados. Conclui-se que a análise de crédito na cooperativa investigada apresenta limitações, principalmente quanto aos riscos não identificados previamente à concessão de crédito, portanto, desenvolveu-se um modelo genérico de avaliação ampla de riscos capaz de sanar as fragilidades encontradas.

CREDIT AND INVESTMENT ACTIVITY IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The article is devoted to the practical analysis of credit and investment activity in the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic. A vision of the factors influencing the COVID- 19 pandemic on the global economy has been formed. The dynamics of issued loans is analyzed and the scale of lending activity is calculated. It is noted that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on lending occurs in the presence of the following risks: declining incomes of potential borrowers limit their ability to service loans, and there is uncertainty about the recovery of income of citizens and businesses in the near future; deteriorating creditworthiness of borrowers and increasing credit risk lead to higher interest rates on loans, which limits the demand for them; banks are tightening lending standards, including lowering limits on credit products; restriction of borrowers' mobility, which has become an obstacle to obtaining a loan and is absolutely critical for those of them who do not use remote banking; lack of capital in banks to increase lending.
 Areas of participation of banks in the investment process are highlighted: mobilization of funds by banks for investment purposes; providing loans of investment nature; investing in securities (both at the expense of the bank and on behalf of the client). The comparison of credit and investment activity is carried out. It is proved that the period of the COVID-19 pandemic did not significantly affect the credit and investment activities of the banking system of Ukraine. It is determined that the economic consequences of the pandemic and the slowdown in economic growth may further affect the banking sector of Ukraine, and this will require unprecedented action at both the individual and national levels. Further research involves identifying different scenarios.

Alipay’s ‘Ant Credit Pay’ meets China’s factory workers: the depersonalisation and re-personalisation of online lending

ABSTRACT Scholarly accounts of the global rise of statistical credit scoring technologies have tended to portray these automated, digitised systems as supplanting human involvement in lending. This paper examines Chinese migrant factory workers’ encounters with Ant Credit Pay, Alipay’s novel consumer credit facility (which utilises the Zhima Credit scoring system). Drawing on ethnographic data, we document how workers come to understand Ant Credit Pay through the depersonalising and re-personalising processes they associate with it. Workers prefer its depersonalised mode of lending over borrowing from banks, friends, or family. However, they nonetheless also attempt to re-personalise Ant Credit Pay through propagating the belief that human-style logics underlie its scoring mechanisms. This becomes evidenced through workers’ integration of the platform into their personal spending practices, alongside their portrayal of charismatic Alipay founder Jack Ma as the orchestrator of the platform’s novel approach to lending. We argue that acknowledging Ant Credit Pay’s consolidation of depersonalising and re-personalising qualities necessitates the productive analysis of digital credit as a human-machine assemblage. Furthermore, this financial object – and workers’ engagement with it – is generative of a distinctive personhood that concretizes China’s ongoing social transformation, while also carrying implications for understanding current global trends towards the digitisation of credit.

Latent Variable Models for Integrated Analysis of Credit and Point Usage History Data on Rewards Credit Card System

Recently, credit cards with point rewards functions (rewards credit cards) are widely used. Credit card companies can collect the users’ usage log data of various stores in multiple industries. The purposes of possessing a credit card varies depending on each user such as to use only the credit function, to use both the credit and point rewards functions, etc. Moreover, credit cards can be used in various situations in users’ lives, and the purchase history of each user is diverse. Focusing on the diversity of both card possessing purposes and purchasing behavior for each user, we propose two latent class models representing these diversities in this research.

Three-year follow up of biodegradable polymer cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stent (EXCROSSAL) in treating de novo coronary artery disease: Pooled analysis of CREDIT II and CREDIT III trials.

To analyze the 3-year outcomes of the biodegradable polymer cobalt-chromium sirolimus-eluting stent (EXCROSSAL) in CREDIT II AND III TRIALS. Though approved by CFDA, the long-term safety and efficacy of EXCROSSAL is still unknown. CREDIT II was a randomized trial comparing the EXCROSSAL versus EXCEL stents in patients with up to two de novo coronary lesions, and CREDIT III was a prospective, single-arm study evaluating the efficacy and safety of EXCROSSAL in broad types of de novo coronary artery lesions. We pooled the 3-year follow-up data of the EXCROSSAL arm of the CREDIT II and CREDIT III Trials. The primary outcome was 3-year target lesion failure (TLF), a composite of cardiac death, target vessel myocardial infarction (TV-MI), and clinically indicated target lesion revascularization (CI-TLR). The patient-oriented composite endpoint (PoCE) (all-cause death, all MI, or any revascularization) and stent thrombosis (ST) were also analyzed. A total of 833 patients were included in this study. The incidence of TLF and PoCE in the 3-year follow-up were 7.6% and 12.5%, respectively. ST occurred in 0.6% of patients. In the subgroup analyses, TLF was significantly higher in small target vessels, multi-lesion PCI, and multi-vessel disease. The 3-year follow-up analysis confirmed low rates of TLF and ST in EXCROSSAL, which is similar to the most widely used new generation durable polymer drug-eluting stent.

An Analysis of Total Taxes Paid and Input Tax Credit on Operating Revenues Due to Implementation of GST on Textile Sector Companies of Mewar Region of Rajasthan

An Analysis of Total Taxes Paid and Input Tax Credit on Operating Revenues Due to Implementation of GST on Textile Sector Companies of Mewar Region of Rajasthan

Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages ed. by Rory Naismith

Reviewed by: Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages ed. by Rory Naismith Judy Bailey Naismith, Rory, ed, Money and Coinage in the Middle Ages (Reading Medieval Sources, 1), Leiden, Brill, 2018; hardback; pp. xi, 362; R.R.P. €149.00; ISBN 9789004372467. This edited volume on the role of money in the Middle Ages is an interdisciplinary study. Twelve authors cover various aspects of the use of money and the production of coins, from c. 400 to c. 1500. The impetus behind the publication is to 'show ways in which money can be incorporated into the analysis of the Middle Ages more broadly, both for particular periods and in specific thematic contexts such as art, literature, and economic analysis' (p. 1). The first two chapters set the scene. They discuss two key aspects of money—money as a unit of value and as a means of payment. The second section comprises four chapters and covers the chronological phases of money and coinage. The origin of money is discussed by Alessia Rovelli. She also outlines the transition from gold to silver coin from the fifth to the ninth century. Andrew R. Woods continues the narrative. The period c. 800 to c. 1150 saw the emergence of the silver penny, which became the norm across Europe. At the beginning of the period, only the king had the right to strike coinage, but by the end many institutions were granted rights to administer the production or to strike coins. An increase in the quantity and variety of material objects is a feature of the next two centuries. The number of hoards of coins that have been discovered in Europe, coupled with the surge of surviving records, means that the period from c. 1150 to c. 1350 is rich with comparable data. Richard Kelleher takes us through these two centuries and also reminds us that his work builds on the seminal work [End Page 275] by Peter Spufford. Spufford's key study, Money and Its Use in Medieval Europe (Cambridge University Press, 1988), is mentioned by more than one author in this edited work. Spufford outlined the history of money, including an analysis of credit and barter. Kelleher takes a similar approach by documenting medieval exchange rates and the emergence of gold currencies, or florins, in the mid-thirteenth century. Philip Robinson Rössner completes the chronological study by examining the period after the Black Death to c. 1500. He notes that 'neither the pound nor the shilling, actually existed physically, i.e. as coins' (p. 161). He suggests that this is akin to the modern concept of 'virtual money'. The final section outlines various methods of analysing medieval money and coinage. Rory Naismith sets the historical context in this section. He argues that recent discoveries of coins in sites such as towns, churches, and rural villages, have opened up new avenues for researching the role of money in medieval society. He notes that in the late twelfth century, in order to circumvent the lack of ready cash, bills of exchange were used by merchants to transfer large sums of money remotely. Small coins were also often in short supply. Nick Mayhew examines the importance of silver coins in the later medieval economy. He argues that the extreme shortage of silver at this time could have been a factor in the recession of the fifteenth century. The lowest value gold coin, a half angel, which was worth 3s 4d, was worth far more than the average daily wage of 4d. This meant that many people in the late medieval economy were unable to readily access coins for everyday uses. The last four chapters examine money and coins from archaeological, literary, and iconographic perspectives. Although authors in the earlier chapters in this book include evidence from hoards of coins that have recently been discovered, Nanouschka Myberg Burström concentrates on the use of coins as archaeological material. She asserts that coins are not easily falsified and can be of great assistance when dating other archaeological material. Anna Gannon and Lucia Travaini examine the creative aspects of minting a coin in the last two chapters. Gannon studies Anglo-Saxon creativity, whereas Travaini analyses the iconography...

THE ROLE OF LOCAL CREDIT INSTITUTIONS (LPD) IN DISTRIBUTING AGRICULTURAL CREDIT IN PENATIH VILLAGE, DISTRICT OF EAST DENPASAR, DENPASAR CITY

Local credit institution (LPD) is financial enterprise that owned by the village to carry out business activities in that village and or the villagers. In its development, LPD has a imperative role that is not far from the goal of establishing LPD its sel, viz. Encouraging the development o rural economic throughraising the unds, distribute the loan for the community, create equal opportunities for business activities and employment opportunities for villagers.This study aims to determine characteristics of the agricultural debtor in LPD Desa Adat Penatih, the criteria for amount of agricultural credit distributed in LPD Desa Adat Penatih, the procedure for distributing agricultural credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih and also the interference in repayment of credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih. The location of this study were selected purposively. Data used in this study is qualitative data and quantitative data.The result of the study showed that the characteristics of the agricultural debtor in the LPD Desa Adat Penatih are seen from age and gender, the number of family dependents, the level of education, the criteria for amount loan and the business fields. The amount of agricultural credit distributed in LPD Desa Adat Penatih base of the collateral value for collateral provided by debtor. The procedure for distributing agricultural credit in LPD Desa Adat Penatih starts by of the loan application, analysis or assessment of credit, credit decision, disbursement and loan administration. There is no interference to LPD Desa Adat Penatih in repayment of agriculture credit. Both in terms of repayment period and credit collectibility.

Anwar Shaikh and the classical theory of interest: a critical note

AbstractThe Note examines the theory of interest put forward in Shaikh’s recent book Capitalism, Competition, Conflict, Crises which presents the classic Ricardian theory of interest, in which the rate of interest is determined by the industrial rate of profit, as the basis for the book’s analysis of banking and credit. The Note argues that the classic theory of Anwar Shaikh holds true only under special assumptions, namely when money is a produced commodity, and credit is external to the system of capitalist production. However, in the modern capitalist economy, credit is endogenous to the system of production and distribution. In this more general case, debt and interest have the function of redistributing income, but are unrelated to the rate of profit from production.

Research on Trade Credit and Bank Credit Based on Dynamic Inventory

Trade credit is a short-term business financing based on purchases between the retailer and the supplier. This paper considers a supply chain consisting of a well-funded supplier and a capital-constrained retailer. At the beginning of each sales season, the retailer need to place an order from the supplier to meet the stochastic demand. The capital-constrained retailer determines the order quantity and whether to borrow loans from a bank or the supplier or just use its initial capital, according to its finance and stock status with the wholesale price provided by the supplier. We build the Stackelberg game with the supplier as the leader and divide the retailer’s initial inventory and capital into different wealth regions to discuss the optimal strategies of different wealth regions. We extend to the two-period dynamic financing model based on dynamic inventory and capital flow so as to obtain the optimal strategy matrix of the retailer and the supplier under bank and trade credit. Numerical results validate our theoretical analysis of bank credit and supplier credit with dynamic inventory under different period setting.

PERAN ACCOUNT OFFICER DALAM MENEKAN KREDIT BERMASALAH (Studi pada BPR di Kab .Grobogan )

<p>The research objective is to analyze the role of Account Officers in suppressing non-performing loans from the Rural Banks of Kabupaten Grobongan. The analysis relates to whether the role of the account officer influences the business of the banking sector in granting credit so that it can reduce problem loans. The proxy role of the account officer is the ability to analyze credit and supervision activities by considering customer development as a moderating variable. The method used is the MRA, SPSS 22. The data type is primary data obtained by questionnaire method on the variables of credit analysis, supervision, customer guidance and problem loans. The respondents were 70 Accounts from the BPR of Kabupaten Grobogan The results show that credit analysis and supervision have an effect on bad credit. Moderating variables are used to overcome bad credit, namely customer coaching as an effort to increase / weaken the relationship of credit analysis and supervision of bad credit. The result of coaching on credit analysis does not act as moderation but acts as a predictor. In relation to supervision, coaching acts as a quasi moderation and results are negative, which means that coaching actually weakens the influence of supervision.</p>

Statistical Analysis of Priority Sector Credit By Commercial Banks in India

Statistical Analysis of Priority Sector Credit By Commercial Banks in India

A Systems Analysis of Drivers of Individual Bankruptcies

In this paper, we use a systems‐based analysis to identify the systemic drivers of individual bankruptcies in Australia and compare the results with a similar analysis of global corporate credit defaults that found uncontrollable factors were significant. We include both macroeconomic factors and microcharacteristics. The results show that both macroeconomic factors and microcharacteristics are important systemic drivers of individual bankruptcies, and further that uncontrollable factors are very significant drivers of individual bankruptcies.

Analysis of debt burden and credit of corporate sector: Estimates for Russia and cross-country cases

The paper discusses dynamics of private sector debt-to-GDP ratio and debt service ratio (DSR). We show that the level of DSR for developing countries is less than that of DSR for developed countries, and has a more volatile dynamics. Developing countries face significant risk from external sector of the economy due to high level of their dependence on external debt - through currency revaluation, on the one hand, and reciprocal growth of interest rates, on the other hand. This is illustrated, for example, by the situation in Russia in 2014-2016. We also show that countries with monetary policy based on inflation targeting face much more downplayed response of DSR shocks on their economic activity than countries with different regimes of monetary policy. That is why currency crises in several regions including South-East Asia and Russia, have led to significant growth in DSR and forwarded shift to inflation targeting in these countries. Along with shocks of DSR related to volatility of foreign currency, we explore those related to inflation and monetary conditions, abrupt changes in economic activity, etc. The paper also focuses on factors of DSR dynamics, including interest rates, terms, volumes, foreign currency revaluation, and its decomposition on the long period of time.

Cost-Benefit and Fiscal Impact Analysis of Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC)

The federal government and over thirty states nationwide offer a tax credit in lieu of certain expenditures incurred as part of historic rehabilitation projects. Several economic impact studies have shown the positive effect of the credit on job creation, property values, and environmental friendly behavior in Louisville, KY (Gilderbloom, Hanka & Ambrosius, 2009) and in the state of Maryland (Frizzell & Mitchell, 2002). Most of the studies of historic preservation credits are, however, nonempirical and evaluate only the economic impact of the credit. The societal benefit-cost analysis conducted in this manuscript is the first study of its kind of the Ohio Historic Preservation Tax Credit (OHPTC) program. In addition, this study provides an OHPTC fiscal impact analysis (benefit-cost analysis from the government perspective).The data for the analysis come from the county auditors’ offices, and multiple proprietary sources, including administrative estimates provided by the agencies managing the OHPTC program, and online survey of the developers. The sensitivity analysis accounts for the differences in discount rates and other factors. The study finds that the overall societal benefits will outweigh overall societal costs by 2023. From the fiscal perspective, the program begins to pay for itself in 2025, but the overall program costs will remain higher than overall benefits during the considered study period (until 2030).