Analytical Analysis Research Articles

Comparison of highly sensitive, multiplex immunoassay platforms for streamlined clinical cytokine quantification.

Selecting the optimal platforms to quantitate cytokines is challenging due to varying performance and the plethora of options available. To compare performance of three highly sensitive, multiplex assays on three different platforms - MSD S-plex, Olink Target 48, and Quanterix SP-X - to MSD V-plex which is widely used for quantitative cytokine assay. Serum and stimulated plasma samples were analyzed across each platform. The proportion of quantifiable samples was compared for each analyte and correlation analyses were performed to relate the data. For MSD S-plex, parallelism and antibody pair knockdown experiments gauged specificity of the kit. MSD S-plex was the most sensitive multiplex platform followed by Olink Target 48, Quanterix SP-X, and MSD V-plex. Concentrations across platforms differed greatly for some cytokines, but all platforms showed strong correlation. Results for MSD S-plex were confirmed by parallelism and knockdown. MSD S-plex should be a priority platform for ultra-sensitive assay. Olink Target 48 offers an enticing combination of sensitivity and multiplex capability that warrants consideration when many cytokines require quantitation. MSD V-plex, MSD S-plex and Olink quantitative assays offer high utility across drug development programs, but fit-for-purpose performance should be assessed on a per-analyte basis.

CHANGES IN THE GLOBAL ENERGY SECTOR CAUSED BY RUSSIA'S WAR AGAINST UKRAINE

Problems. The Russian invasion of Ukraine, Russia's refusal to accept the planned volumes of natural gas to the countries of the European Union caused a global energy and financial crisis, and changed the movement towards the development of renewable energy. the transition to sustainable and clean energy sources has become problematic for many countries. Objective. General review and analytical analysis of trends in the development of energy consumption and the introduction of renewable sources in electric power systems in 2017-2023 using the results of research International Energy Agency (IEA), listed in World Energy Outlook (WEO) [1-6]. Methodology of implementation Trends in the development of the world system of renewable power plants to ensure climate neutrality, zero emissions, and a clean ecological environment have been analyzed for the study of the topic article. The study of changes and ways to limit the negative consequences of hostilities in Europe and the Middle East was carried out according to the long-term plans of the IEA. Results. An overview of changes in the structure of energy resources in the world energy balance is presented. It is shown that the energy crisis has led to a sharp increase in the production of fossil fuels, primarily coal and oil. The construction of new capacities for the production of 250 billion tons of liquefied gas has begun. in order to stabilize fuel prices and reduce the price of electricity. Statistical and forecast information on the structure of the world energy balance and annual electricity production by types of generation is provided. The environmental negative consequences registered for the last three years are considered: increased CO2 emissions; air pollution with fine dust; pollution of soils and water horizons; changes in climatic indicators. The problems that have arisen for the implementation of new projects for the construction of renewable sources, the development of electric power infrastructure, security and reliability of power supply are analyzed. An analysis of the proposed measures under several scenarios to increase the production and use of solar, wind and nuclear energy, reduce dependence on traditional energy sources and the prospect of zero carbon dioxide emissions by 2030 is carried out. Conclusions. Actions aimed at reducing energy consumption, projected reduction in fuel prices, planned restarts of nuclear power and further implementation of renewable power plants – these are the proposed measures that make it possible to solve the problems that have arisen around the world. Confidence in meeting the tasks is confirmed by 83 countries and the European Union to meet their commitments to achieve zero carbon dioxide emissions on time and in full. Learning from the experience and directions of development of the world energy sector will create an opportunity for the rapid restoration of the energy structure in Ukraine in the post-war period.

Fostering Edupreneurship Among Students as a Social and Cultural Practice: A Case Study in the German Department at Universitas Negeri Malang

The study aims to promote edupreneurship (educational entrepreneurship) among students through experiential learning and is conducted at the German Department at Universitas Negeri Malang. It endeavors to delineate the infusion of entrepreneurial knowledge and concepts within the learning framework, illustrates the practical application of this knowledge within society by students, and expounds upon the reflective-analysis processes to solidify newly acquired insights. Employing a qualitative descriptive approach, the study collected data through questionnaires, interview sheets, and observation sheets distributed among 12 students enrolled in the Unternehmendeutsch course. The ensuing data analysis involved a continuous analytical cycle encompassing data collection, analysis, and interpretation. The findings underscore that this learning mode significantly expands avenues for acquiring knowledge through firsthand experiences, embracing both errors and successes (trial and error). Consequently, experiential learning emerges as a cognitive process, and the learning experience embodies active thinking and experimentation.

Analytical and Computational Investigation of VibroThermoAcoustic Behaviour of Cracks in Aerostructures

Abstract This research investigates the Vibro-thermoacoustic dynamics exhibited by Aerostructures, particularly those harbouring surface cracks. Employing a novel approach, a Thermo-Acoustic field coupled Transient Heat Transfer model is developed to model the interplay among vibrations, heat dissipation, and acoustic behaviour at crack tip interfaces. Local surface flaws proximal to stress concentration sites are investigated via the Newmark Beta Method and Finite Element Analysis, which are applied to displacement and thermal mapping at crack tips through temporal and spatial discretization. Recognizing the implications of flaws in structural integrity and potential lifespan reduction, the study incorporates Analytical, Numerical and Computational analysis of surface cracks into the broader context of Thermoacoustic phenomena. 
The paper explores the application of Elastoplastic Fracture Mechanics (EPFM) to model the impact of plastic deformation on crack growth, local acoustic field and the overarching structural integrity of these components. 
In this study, we also investigate the limitations of the original Ramberg-Osgood equation, particularly in its application to modelling nonlinearities in plastic strain at crack tip interfaces. To address these shortcomings, we propose a novel modified Ramberg-Osgood formulation that incorporates Padé Approximants. This modification enables effective modelling of nonlinear stress-strain variations of high-performance materials while improving computational performance and accuracy. 
Real-world aerostructures experience varying loads, and incorporating these principles in our coupled model allows for accurate modelling of Thermoacoustic Field variations and Instability under dynamic conditions. The research offers valuable perspectives for engineering applications, providing a computational roadmap for thermoacoustic modelling in Aerostructures with cracks.

Study of the Transient Heat Transfer of a Single-U-Tube Ground Heat Exchanger by Integrating a Forward-Difference Numerical Scheme with an Analytical Technique

This study presents the development of a novel computational technique for modeling the transient heat transfer in the outer and inner regions of a single U-tube ground heat exchanger. The modeling approach couples a forward-difference numerical technique with a well-established analytical method with the aim of reducing the two-dimensional axisymmetric heat transfer problem into a one-dimensional problem, which has the benefit of reducing the computational time. Furthermore, the suggested method is numerically stable compared to a full numerical scheme, and the solution converges for a time step of up to 150 min. This is because the suggested method computes the heat transfer of the streaming fluid in the U-tube, which has a lower thermal capacitance, using the analytical technique, resulting in numerical stability at a larger time step, while the full numerical scheme has stability issues at a large time step as it computes the heat transfer of the flowing fluid in the U-tube, which also requires more computational time than the suggested method. In this model, numerical and analytical analyses are coupled with borehole wall temperature. The time-varying temperature histories of the grout material inside the borehole, the borehole wall, and the surrounding soil are presented. In addition, the time variations in the exit fluid temperature and the energy storage within the grout and the outer soil material are presented. The results show that the energy storage in the grout material reaches 62 MJ at the end of 1000 h of ground heat exchanger charging operation, while the energy storage in the surrounding soil can be as high as 7366 MJ. This study also investigates the effect of mass flow rate on the heat transfer performance of the ground heat exchanger.

Kebijakan Moneter dalam Perspektif Islam

Monetary work in the context of Islamic economics which considers social justice and fraternity, in Islamic economics, monetary work does not only focus on supply and demand for money, it is also focused on the principles of fair trade and inclusion. Irnir is based on a conventional approach that often only considers price stabilization and economic growth. In the context of economics, monetary work in Islamic economics is intended to create economic stability in a way that considers the distribution of wealth and income in a balanced manner I'm here. This is not an important thing to prevent economic imbalances that can disrupt the social and economic balance in society. An artillery analysis methodology that uses a qualitative analysis approach with an integrated analytical analysis method helps to explain scientific concepts in depth. Derscrirptirf analysis allows authors to describe and explain the phenomena or concepts of dertairl based on the findings of the analysis. By implementing monetary work that takes into account the inequalities of justice and brotherhood, it is hoped that a country's economy can achieve stability sustainable paper, by considering the balance between circulating money and the number of goods and services available. Disbalance in environmental matters can cause serious economic disruptions. Jadir, it is important to understand that in an Islamic economic context, monetary work is not only about traditional macroeconomic stability, it is also about creating conditions that support social and economic stability the wider one

Flat punch indentation in viscoelastic materials: analytical, experimental, and finite element analysis results

Flat punch indentation in viscoelastic materials: analytical, experimental, and finite element analysis results

Analytical modelling and analysis of magnet eddy current loss in magnet‐surrounded permanent magnet synchronous machine caused by stator slot effect

Analytical modelling and analysis of magnet eddy current loss in magnet‐surrounded permanent magnet synchronous machine caused by stator slot effect

Satisfaction and Workload as Predictors of Psychological Distress in Professionals of Psychosocial Care Centers During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the mental health of healthcare professionals, especially those working in Psychosocial Care Centers (CAPS), which are crucial services in the Brazilian mental health system. This study aimed to investigate the association between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress among CAPS professionals during the pandemic. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 53 professionals from seven CAPS. The Workload Impact Scale (IMPACTO-BR) and Job Satisfaction Scale (SATIS-BR), the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12), and a sociodemographic questionnaire were used. Descriptive and analytical statistical analyses were performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between job satisfaction, workload, and psychological distress. Professionals reported moderate satisfaction (3.67 ± 0.45) and mild workload (1.82 ± 0.63). One-third of the sample showed scores indicative of psychological distress. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that workload (p = 0.0025) and low job satisfaction (p = 0.0495) were significantly associated with psychological distress. Low job satisfaction and high professional workload were predictive variables of psychological distress. These findings highlight the need for investments in promoting the quality of life at work for mental health professionals, especially during crises. The implications for human resource management and public policy development emphasize the importance of an integrated approach that considers the well-being of professionals for the effectiveness and sustainability of the psychosocial care model.

Power analysis to detect misfit in SEMs with many items: Resolving unrecognized problems, relating old and new approaches, and "matching" power analysis approach to data analysis approach.

It is unappreciated that there are four different approaches to power analysis for detecting misspecification by testing overall fit of structural equation models (SEMs) and, moreover, that common approaches can yield radically diverging results for SEMs with many items (high p). Here we newly relate these four approaches. Analytical power analysis methods using theoretical null and theoretical alternative distributions (Approach 1) have a long history, are widespread, and are often contrasted with "the" Monte Carlo method-which is an oversimplification. Actually, three Monte Carlo methods can be distinguished; all use an empirical alternative distribution but differ regarding whether the null distribution is theoretical (Approach 2), empirical (Approach 3), or-as we newly propose and demonstrate the need for-adjusted empirical (Approach 4). Because these four approaches can yield radically diverging power results under high p (as demonstrated here), researchers need to "match" their a priori SEM power analysis approach to their later SEM data analysis approach for testing overall fit, once data are collected. Disturbingly, the most common power analysis approach for a global test-of-fit is mismatched with the most common data analysis approach for a global test-of-fit in SEM. Because of this mismatch, researchers' anticipated versus actual/obtained power can differ substantially. We explain how/why to "match" across power-analysis and data-analysis phases of a study and provide software to facilitate doing so. As extensions, we explain how to relate and implement all four approaches to power analysis (a) for testing overall fit using χ² versus root-mean-square error of approximation and (b) for testing overall fit versus testing a target parameter/effect. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

Chemistry of Street Art: Neural Network for the Spectral Analysis of Berlin Wall Colors.

This research starts with the analysis of some fragments of the Berlin Wall street art for the characterization of the painting materials. The spectroscopic results provide a general description of the paint executive technique but more importantly open the way to a new advantage of Raman application to the analytic analysis of acrylic colors. The study highlights the correlation between peak intensity and compound percentage and explores the powerful application of deep learning for the quantification of a pigment mixture in the acrylic commercial products from Raman spectra acquired with hand-held equipment (BRAVO by Bruker). The study reveals the ability of the convolutional neural network (CNN) algorithm to analyze the spectra and predict the ratio between the coloring compounds. The reference materials for calibration and training were obtained by the dilution of commercial acrylic colors commonly practiced by street artists, using Schmincke brand paints. For the first time, Raman investigation provides valuable insights into calibrations for determining dye dilution in mixtures of commercial products, offering a new opportunity for analytical quantification with Raman hand-held spectrometers and contributing to a comprehensive understanding of artists' techniques and materials in street art.

Saturation of fishbone instability through zonal flows driven by energetic particle transport in tokamak plasmas

Abstract Gyrokinetic and kinetic-MHD simulations are performed for the fishbone instability in the DIII-D discharge #178631, chosen for validation of first-principles simulations to predict the energetic particle (EP) transport in an ITER pre-fusion baseline scenario. Fishbone modes are found to generate zonal flows, which dominate the fishbone saturation. The underlying mechanisms of the two-way fishbone-zonal flows nonlinear interplay are discussed in details. Numerical and analytical analyses identify the fishbone-induced EP redistribution as the dominant generation mechanism for zonal flows. The zonal flows modify the nonlinear dynamics of phase space zonal structures, which reduces the amount of EPs able to resonate with the mode, leading to a lower saturation amplitude. Simulation results including zonal flows agree quantitatively with DIII-D experimental measurements of the fishbone saturation amplitude and EP transport, supporting this novel saturation mechanism by self-generated zonal flows. Moreover, the wave-particle mode-locking mechanism is shown to determine quantitatively the fishbone frequency down-chirping, as evident in GTC simulation results in agreement with predictions from analytical theory. Finally, the fishbone-induced zonal flows are possibly responsible for the formation of an ion internal transport barrier (ITB) in the DIII-D discharge. Based on the low EP transport and the large zonal flow shearing rates associated with the fishbone instability in gyrokinetic simulations of the ITER scenario, it is conjectured that high performance scenarios could be designed in ITER burning plasmas through fishbone-induced ITBs.

Halogenated Cobalt Bis-Dicarbollide Strong Acids as Reusable Homogeneous Catalysts for Fatty Acid Esterification with Methanol or Ethanol

The most commonly used homogeneous catalyst for fatty acid esterification is a corrosive sulphuric acid. However, this requires costly investment in non-corrosive equipment, presents a safety risk, is time consuming, and increases effluent generation. In this study, inorganic 3D heteroborane cluster strong acids are employed for the first time as homogeneous catalysts. Three novel isomeric tetrachlorido and tetrabromido derivatives of 3,3′-commo-bis[undecahydrido-closo-1,2-dicarba-3-cobaltadodecaborate](1−) [1−] were synthesised and fully characterised using a range of analytical techniques, including NMR, TLC, HPLC, MS, UV-Vis, melting point (MP), CHN analyses, and XRD. Ultimately, H3O[8,8′-Cl2-1−] was identified as the most efficient, reusable, and non-corrosive homogeneous catalyst for the esterification of four fatty acids. The reactions are conducted in an excess of alcohol at reflux. The effective absorption of water vapour provided by the molecular sieves maximises acid conversion. The hydrophobic dye Sudan black B was employed as an acid-base indicator to facilitate a comparison of the H0 acidity function of sulphuric acid and halogenated heteroboranoic acids when dissolved together in methanol. The 23Na NMR analysis demonstrated that the application of dry methanol resulted in the displacement of Na+ ions from zeolite, which subsequently exchanged the H3O+ ions of the acid. This process led to a gradual reduction in the efficiency of the catalysts, particularly with repeated use. The solution to this issue is to regenerate the catalyst on the ion exchanger following each reaction. In contrast to the published methods, our new approach meets 10 of 12 green chemistry principles.

Rapid voltammetric determination of hemagglutinin in saliva using magnetic nanoparticles modified with triazolotriazine in a portable cell design

Express determination of the viral nature of the diseases is one of the most important tasks of modern medicine. Portable electrochemicalanalytical devices are used to complement standard laboratory analytical methods and implement analysis at the patient's bedside. A rapid approach of voltammetric determination of the viral marker protein hemagglutinin (НA) in saliva using portable electrochemical microcell based on the three-electrode planar system (TPS) and magnetite nanoparticles modified with 3-nitro-4‑hydroxy-1,4-dihydro-7-propargylthio-1,2,4-triazolo[5,1-c][1,2,4]triazine (MNPs-Aza) was developed. MNPs-Aza were synthesized by carbodiimide cross-linking and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and square wave voltammetry. Modified MNPs were used simultaneously as carriers of the HA receptor and as agents for HA-Aza complexes concentrating on the surface of the working electrode. The normalized difference between the peak current values of the first stage of electroreduction of Aza before and after selective interaction with the HA in the analyzed sample (I*) was used as the analytical signal. Under the selected operating conditions of the developed portable microcell, linear calibration I* = (12.81±0.26) lg сHA + (136.75±1.73) was obtained in the range of 10–3–10–9 M. The limit of detection (LOD) calculated by the 3σ criteria was 8.4·10–10 M. The developed approach was successfully tested on model solutions and real saliva samples.

Fourier Analysis of Inverse Coefficient Nonlinear Hyperbolic Equations under Periodic Boundary Conditions

This study presents an analytical analysis of a one-dimensional inverse coefficient nonlinear hyperbolic equation with periodic boundary conditions. The analytical solution is derived by applying Fourier method. An iterative approach is used to establish convergence and to assess the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution to the nonlinear problem.

Refined cyclic renormalization group in Russian doll model

Focusing on Bethe-Ansatz integrable models, robust to both time-reversal symmetry breaking and disorder, we consider the Russian Doll Model (RDM) for finite system sizes and energy levels. Suggested as a time-reversal-symmetry breaking deformation of Richardson’s model, the well-known and simplest model of superconductivity, RDM revealed an unusual cyclic renormalization group (RG) over the system size NN, where the energy levels repeat themselves, shifted by one after a finite period in \ln NlnN, supplemented by a hierarchy of superconducting condensates, with the superconducting gaps following the so-called Efimov (exponential) scaling. The equidistant single-particle spectrum of RDM made the above Efimov scaling and cyclic RG to be asymptotically exact in the wideband limit of the diagonal potential. Here, we generalize this observation in various respects. We find that, beyond the wideband limit, when the entire spectrum is considered, the periodicity of the spectrum is not constant, but appears to be energy-dependent. Moreover, we resolve the apparent paradox of shift in the spectrum by a single level after the RG period, despite the disappearance of a finite fraction of energy levels. We also analyze the effects of disorder in the diagonal potential on the above periodicity and show that it survives only for high energies beyond the energy interval of the disorder amplitude. Our analytic analysis is supported with exact diagonalization.

Analysis of the Selection of Suppliers of Loading and Transportation Equipment in Mining SMEs

Small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) mining firms contribute to Chile’s economy. However, more support is needed to improve decision-making, mainly in a context where it is necessary for mining to operate sustainably. Loading and transportation are essential unit operations in mining. Solution-focused supplier companies are joining the market, making selection more difficult. This study suggests a hierarchical analytical process-based multi-criteria analysis. Among what stands out are its simplicity and clarity. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), used in several fields, is a flexible multi-criteria analysis system for complex decision-making. Its development used Expert Choice® software. The results show that the most crucial criterion for selecting loading and transportation equipment suppliers is related to occupational safety and health. The most relevant components are the mortality, accident frequency, and severity rates. Operational indicators are the second most relevant criterion, enabling companies to be more productive and efficient in achieving their objectives. Sensitivity analysis demonstrates that, even with variations in the criterion preferences, the fatality rate remains at the top of the hierarchy, showing the robustness of the model used. Contrary to what might be expected, criteria such as the supplier profile do not stand out among the critical factors for the sector.

Study of the stability of the linearized compressible Navier-Stokes system

A deep analytic analysis of the stability for the one-dimensional linearized compressible Navier-Stokes system (LNSS) is presented. A very detailed study of the spectrum of the unbounded linear differential operator associated with LNSS has been completed. A Fourier analysis method and an explicit calculation using the eigenvalues of the linear operator make it possible to obtain exponential stability results with a decay rate determined solely according to the parameters of LNSS. Consequently, some exponential stability results are proved in different Hilbert spaces, (in [Formula: see text]-norm and [Formula: see text]-norm). Finally, numerical experiments are presented to verify the theoretical results.

Analytical and numerical study on radius of investigation in composite reservoirs

Radius of investigation (ROI) is of great significance in well testing and reserve estimation. The studies on ROI over the past decades were mainly focusing on homogeneous reservoirs. In heterogeneous formations, such as composite reservoirs and fractured reservoirs, the problem remains unsolved. Few ROI evaluation methods for composite reservoirs have been validated and commonly accepted. This paper conducts extensive analytical and numerical analysis on the pressure propagation of composite reservoirs, analyzing the limitations and misunderstandings of previous methods on the evaluation of ROI. The pressure solution of a two-zone composite reservoir is presented in the Laplace domain and is used to analyze the impact of heterogeneity parameters on pressure transient propagation and the evaluation of radius of investigation. A new ROI formula for composite reservoirs is proposed, which is in great agreement with the analytical solution. The study reveals that the inner zone of a composite reservoir cannot be treated as homogeneous when the pressure front approaches the interface of the two zones with high heterogeneity. A large mobility ratio will slow pressure propagation in composite reservoirs, while a low storativity ratio will increase the value of ROI. Reservoir simulation and real case studies are used to demonstrate the findings of the analytical study. The new study sheds insights into the pressure propagation and eases the calculation of ROI in composite reservoirs.

Designing Microfluidic-Chip Filtration with Multiple Channel Networks for the Highly Efficient Sorting of Cell Particles.

Microfluidic-chip based hydrodynamic filtration is one of the passive sorting techniques that can separate cell or particle suspensions into subpopulations of different sizes. As the branch channels and side channels play an important role in maintaining particle focusing, their rational design is necessary for highly efficient sorting. A model framework involving multiple side and multiple branch channels has been developed by extending the analytical analysis of three-dimensional laminar flow in channel networks, which was previously validated by comparison with numerical simulations. Objective parameters were identified as the number of branch channels and each length of individual branches. The presence of multiple side channels causes an increase in the average fluid velocity in main and branch channels as the branch point shifts toward the end of the main channel, which differs from the behavior observed in a single side channel. The number of branches and their individual lengths decrease distinctly in the case of branch channels consisting of narrow and wide sections, which enables the compact design of a microfluidic-chip, being operated by a lower pressure drop under the same throughput. Sorting of bidisperse particles was accomplished with an optimally designed chip to verify this framework by achieving very high recovery and purity.