Analysis Of Situation Research Articles

IMPACT OF POST-COVID 19 ECONOMIC CRISES ON AFFORDABILITY OF RENTAL HOUSING IN RAJSHAHI: AN ANALYSIS BASED ON RESIDUAL INCOME

Housing has always been a consistent and globally recognized urban challenge that remains largely unresolved. Meanwhile, affordability lies at the heart of most housing issues. The post-COVID global economic uncertainty has further enhanced this problem, as the living costs continue to rise at an alarming rate. In countries like Bangladesh, the situation is even more complex due to its large population. As being the third-largest metropolitan city, Rajshahi faces severe challenges in addressing housing affordability. In most of the cases household incomes and living standards have remained constant, but rising inflation and other post-COVID economic pressures have increased the cost of living. This has a direct impact on the rental housing affordability in Rajshahi. After paying for the unavoidable non-housing costs, the remaining amount is insufficient for house rents or expenditures, leading to a significant housing cost burden for renters. This paper employs a residual income-based method to examine the effect of the economic crisis after COVID on rental affordability in Rajshahi, offering a comparative analysis of the pre-COVID situation. It is anticipated that this paper will broaden future research opportunities and contribute to the implementation of the required policies to address this issue.

Powering the pluriverse: Possibilities and limits to decolonial energy transitions in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico

In the face of the genocidal and ecocidal trajectory of climate change and “green” climate change solutions, overcoming the coloniality embodied in energy regimes is of the utmost importance. Because energy regimes are co-constitutive of power structures, energy transitions present opportunities to challenge and transform power structures of domination into more liberatory configurations of power. Through a situated analysis of the Energía para yeknemilis project, which is executed by the Union of Cooperatives Tosepan Titataniske in the Sierra Norte de Puebla, Mexico, we argue that energy transitions can articulate decolonial praxis. Based on eight months of collaborative participatory action research involving a researcher of European descent and the project's team of investigadores comunitaries sentipensantes, we make two contributions to the literature concerned with energy transitions and decolonial praxis. First, we provide empirical evidence to substantiate decolonial critiques of environmental, climate, and energy justice. Second, we propose that the Energía para yeknemilis project challenges the coloniality present in most of the current energy transition discourses and “green” transition projects. To do so, we discuss how the project contributes to constructing an Indigenous-led and rural energy regime oriented towards achieving energy sovereignty and realizing yeknemilis / xatlaan latamaat, which are local articulations of Buen Vivir. We also analyze some of the possibilities and limits to decolonial transformations in the Sierra Norte de Puebla that the Energía para yeknemilis project illustrates to strengthen the project and provide reflections for others struggling towards energy regimes that sustain life and power Indigenous self-determination and flourishing.

A Situational Analysis and an Untapped Opportunity for Tackling Challenges Associated with Coverage of Tuberculosis Preventive Treatment: A Multi-Centric Study in India.

To assesses the coverage, adherence, reasons for non-initiation and non-completion of tuberculosis preventive treatment (TPT) among household child contacts (HHCC) of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). This cross-sectional study was conducted across eight sites in India. Estimated sample size was 200 per site. Information was collected through record review and house-to-house visits of HHCCs of notified pulmonary TB cases during January to March 2022. Coverage and adherence was assessed by proportion of eligible HHCC initiated and completed TPT, respectively. Of 2554 HHCCs eligible for TPT, initiation and completion rate was 34% and 22%, respectively. Across the sites the median time to conduct home visit was 14 d (IQR 9, 22) and TPT initiation was 7 d (IQR 1, 21). Reasons for the non-initiation were no information provided by paramedical workers (82%), information provided by paramedical workers but TPT was not given (19%), parents felt it's not important (9%), and fear of side-effects (3%). Reasons for non-completion were: TPT received for less than six months (from healthcare providers) (54%), advised for the lesser duration TPT by the doctors (4%), parents felt completion was not important (32%), parents' fear of side-effects or myth (5%), and HHCC complained of side-effect (0.7%). Inadequate emphasis on home visits leads to TPT initiation in only one-third and completion in less than one-fourth of eligible HHCCs. This poor coverage was primarily due to the health system related issues. Rarely reported TPT side-effects highlighted its safety.

Crisis response strategies of universities during the ongoing war: Beyond experience and responsibilities

Extraordinary threats of the large-scale stage of the Russian-Ukrainian war challenged the resilience and capability of all higher education institutions. However, their influence varied with location, infrastructure damage, internal capacity for changes and academic community resilience, external support, and solidarity initiatives. The purpose of this study is to assess the implementation of crisis management decisions and the formation of a crisis response strategy for a university in wartime (on the example of Kherson State University). The assessment draws on thematic analysis, the case method, statistical data analysis, and a survey of academic community members in 2023 (664 students and 150 staff), which focused on identifying a vision of the university’s values and strategic priorities. It showed the priorities of ensuring education quality and research, expanding international cooperation, diversifying funding, and strengthening cooperation with external stakeholders, including employers. The analysis of the university management’s actions in 2022–2024 demonstrated that the university transitioned from a resistance strategy (2022) as the first situational response to the large-scale invasion and occupation to a resilience strategy and the return to progressive development in the years ahead. The paper concludes that successful crisis management follows the key principles: flexibility, value orientation, and scaling up. It offers management guidance for developing a crisis response strategy that can be adapted to the unique needs of other universities: a comprehensive analysis of the crisis situation, crisis communication, planning of resource maintenance, and transparent and participatory decision-making for crisis management based on values and ethical implications. AcknowledgmentThis study is part of project No.101129236+DigiUni-ERASMUS-EDU-2023-CBHE). The research was partly supported by the 2024 BridgeUSA Ukrainian Academic Fellows Program, funded by the U.S. Department of State’s Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs (ECA), with additional funding provided by Harvard University and administered by the American Councils for International Education. The opinions expressed herein are the authors’ own and do not necessarily express the views of either the Bridge USA or American Councils.The authors express their gratitude to the vice-presidents, deans of faculties, and academic and non-academic staff of Kherson State University who participated in the development of institutional documents that implement crisis management decisions presented in this paper and form a crisis response strategy for the university during martial law.

Determinants of Familiarity and Experience with HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis in Primary Care Providers in Ontario, Canada.

Despite increased access to HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in Canada, familiarity and experience among primary care providers (PCPs)-including family doctors and those working with key populations-remains limited. To understand the barriers and facilitators of PrEP familiarity and experience, we conducted a situational analysis in PCPs in sub-urban and rural Ontario. We surveyed a non-probabilistic sample of PCPs using an online questionnaire, designed with the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). Poisson regressions with robust variance were used to assess the relationship between CFIR domains, sociodemographic, and practice characteristics on both PrEP familiarity and experience. A total of 54 PCPs participated (6% response rate), comprising 80% physicians and 20% nurses. Nearly 30% of the sample worked with key populations, including sexual health clinics and community care centers, 18% of respondents reported high familiarity with PrEP, and 44% reported PrEP experience (referred, started a conversation, or prescribed). PrEP familiarity and experience were associated with working in an organization serving key populations, working with gender minorities, and having colleagues providing PrEP. Providers with a positive perception of PrEP and its necessity for populations at risk were more likely to have PrEP-related experience. Higher familiarity and experience were reported by PCPs with specific clinical skills related to PrEP, and with the perception that PrEP was compatible with their practice as primary provider. Our findings suggest that organizational support, and additional training and education would facilitate PrEP provision by PCPs in suburban/rural Ontario.

Optimizing Quality Assurance in Naval Hospitals: A Qualitative Study by Comprehensive Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat Analysis

Abstract Introduction: Quality assurance (QA) in healthcare is the degree to which healthcare services increase the likelihood of desired outcomes and are consistent with the current professional knowledge. It is a panacea to achieve higher levels of patient safety and satisfaction. This study aims to do a situational analysis of the current QA mechanism in naval hospitals through a Strength, Weakness, Opportunity, and Threat (SWOT) analysis. Methods: The study is a qualitative study where data were collected by in-depth interviews and focused group discussions as well as by review of reports. The data were processed using transcription and anonymized to maintain the data security and integrity. Further, it was iterated and triangulated to establish credibility and reliability. Number and relevant events were analyzed to arrive at inferences. Based on these themes and inferences, a situational analysis of QA mechanisms in naval hospitals by SWOT method was done by the authors. Ethical consent was obtained from the institutional ethical committee. Results: National QA Standards (NQAS) developed by the National Health Systems Resource Centre, and the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare is a comprehensive and objective QA tool. QA by modified NQAS tool has also been rolled out systematically in the naval hospitals over the past 1 year. The strengths identified with respect to the adoption of NQAS are improved patient safety and satisfaction, objective assessment to ensure accuracy, consistency, and compliance, ensure benchmarking against international standards, aid in comparison of hospitals, build accountability, and ensure trust among stakeholders. The weakness in the implementation of NQAS is the lengthy assessment process, implementation cost for training and infrastructure upgradation, biased internal audits, lack of felt need among users, and resistance to change. The strengths far outweigh the weaknesses. Conclusion: By leveraging the strengths, addressing existing weaknesses, capitalizing on opportunities, and mitigating threats, naval hospitals can significantly enhance their QA mechanisms. Thus, the adoption of a continuous improvement process by NQAS implementation is crucial in advancing healthcare quality. Spreading awareness to generate the felt need, emphasizing proactive training, focusing on patient satisfaction surveys, and incentivizing the process will ensure robust implementation. Through these measures, naval hospitals can maintain excellence in healthcare delivery and readiness to meet future challenges.

Designing intelligent cyber threat detection systems through quantum computing

The ever-changing nature of cyber threats calls for a rapid innovative response that can arrest the situation. Quantum computing offers hope through its highly efficient and complex computing power that can intelligently detect cyber threats in the network systems. This paper examines the adoption of quantum computing into the frameworks for the detection of cyber threats. It also highlights the benefits, methodologies and real-world applications of quantum models. In addition, several quantum algorithms like Grover’s and Shor’s are assessed in terms of their contributions to cybersecurity or defense. This paper also includes methods, materials, comparative analysis, implementation strategies and practical applications in practical situations. Limitations, areas that require future research and the need to develop quantum-safe security mechanisms form the concluding part of this research paper.

SWOT Analysis for Strategy Building to improve Learning Outcomes of Prescription Communication in Medical Students

Introduction: Despite being a certifiable competency, students find it difficult to learn communication skills effectively. Learner initiated individualized strategies can be developed by students by making utmost use of strengths and opportunities while minimizing the weaknesses and threats. Application of SWOT analysis (strength, weakness, opportunities and threats analysis) by students for establishing learning strategies could be evaluated for its effectiveness in improving learning outcomes. Methods: After seeking IEC approval, baseline formative assessment for prescription communication was conducted. Participants were briefed about SWOT and were helped with plotting SWOT tables and building individual strategies. After one month, second formative assessment was conducted. Outcomes of two assessments were compared. Students’ perception of utility of SWOT analysis was assessed by scoring on a 6 point likert scale. Results: 83 participants who consented to participate in the study and present for all 4 sessions conducted were enrolled. There was a significant improvement in post test scores from mean of 5 (1.02 SD) to 7 (0.4 SD). 98% of students scored a 3 or more on likert scale indicated a positive perception of utility of SWOT analysis based strategies in improving learning outcomes. Discussion: Educational research studies based on SWOT analysis has been used for situational analysis as well as to develop strategic countermeasures in medical education but not for leverage of learning outcomes. Conclusion: SWOT analysis for strategy building to improve learning outcomes of prescription communication in medical students is effective as well as perceived as an important tool by students.

Determining the optimal window size and orientation of an academic building in subtropical climate

PurposeThe major goals of this study are to investigate the existing state of affairs concerning daylighting, glare and thermal comfort in the building, which will be the focus of the investigation, particularly in connection to the building’s energy efficiency considering student task performances. EnergyPlus, which is a software for building energy modeling, is applied to evaluate the energy consumption of buildings under a variety of circumstances related to their design. With the use of a variety of simulations, the goal of this study is to provide building design options that are both the most efficient and the most cost-effective for the case study building.Design/methodology/approachThere are three distinct categories that can be applied throughout the entire process. The first thing that has to be done is to choose a building to use as a case study and then conduct an analysis of the current situation to address the existing problem. In the following step, several passive design measures are implemented and simulated in order to solve the challenges that are currently being faced. A detailed cost analysis is carried out as the final step in the process of determining whether or not it is feasible.FindingsAccording to the findings: A cantilevered 3’ drop wall as a shading system, an east-facing model, and a window with a height of 4.5 is the ideal configuration. The annual energy can be saved by 22.5%. The payback period is 11 years. Benefit/Cost >1 makes it a feasible and economical solution.Originality/valueThe work is completely original. No one have done this before.

Mobilizing for Reproductive Justice: Activists’ Perspectives on Fighting Abortion Stigma and Creating Social Transformation

Recent moves by the majority of U.S. states to restrict abortion rights marked a new stage in the movement for reproductive justice, the intersectional human rights framework inaugurated by Black feminists in the 1990s. Political organizing to engage voters and shift public opinion in favor of abortion rights implicates a number of key psychological processes, including prejudice and intergroup contact, despite a relative lack of attention to abortion stigma in mainstream psychology. Moreover, research on campaigns’ capacity to shift voter attitudes has largely focused on how such campaigns influence their targets; that is, potential voters. As part of a long-term collaboration with a statewide sexual and reproductive health advocacy group in Tennessee, we interviewed 18 canvassers who participated in a form of canvassing that focuses on dialogue and perspective-taking, rather than argumentation. These canvassers were trained in the reproductive justice framework and conducted hundreds of conversations in the months leading up to the landmark Dobbs decision. Thematic and situational analyses of our interviews yielded insight into how canvassers understand abortion stigma's multidimensional effects and the impact of deep values conversations on their own political views and life histories, as well as how political organizers can better engage their supporters and detractors.

Situation Analysis of Awareness Level and Stigmatization of Speech Disorders in Punjab: A Parental Perspective

Objective: The study investigated the existing awareness of speech problems and the associated stigmatization among parents of children with speech impairments in Punjab, Pakistan. Method: Using a quantitative cross-sectional methodology, this research sought to understand how parents in Punjab, Pakistan view stigma and how much knowledge they have about speech difficulties. The research utilized a survey methodology to gather data. The targeted group comprised, parents of children in Punjab, Pakistan diagnosed with speech disorders. A total of 81 parents engaged in the study. Results: The results indicated that mothers exhibited elevated levels of awareness compared to fathers and guardians. As education is crucial in cultivating awareness, parents possessing bachelor's degrees or higher demonstrated a markedly superior comprehension of speech impairments. Stigmatization was widespread across all educational levels, with no significant difference. Mothers reported, experiencing moderate levels of stigma more often than fathers and guardians. The relationship with the child had no statistically significant effect on awareness or stigmatization. Conclusion: The findings highlight the pressing necessity for focused awareness initiatives and Initiatives aimed at reducing stigma to assist parents of children with speech impairments in Pakistan. Parents of boys face more problems than parents of girls. Knowledge of speech disorders and a stern approach against cultural prejudices would enhance people's acceptance and understanding of speech disorders thus making the lives of children and their families easier.

Human Resources of Labour Market in Russia

Today scales, structure and forms of population employment are changing, models of labour activities are modifying. Human resources imply carriers of physical, intellectual, creative, psychological potential, competences, experience, skills, motives and goals. The notion of ‘resources’ as applied to this social and economic category means opportunities, which are available at present and may be accessible in the future for state and regions to supply economy with workers having necessary professional and personal qualities. The goal of the article is to identify reserves of human resources for Russian labour market on the basis of analysis of the current situation on labour market, impact of digital technologies on population employment, requirements of business to workers’ competences and changes in labour regulation. Methodological base of the research was formed by a compound approach rests on collection and analysis of various information about the current situation of labour market. Informational base of the research consists of official data of state power of Russia, academic works by Russian and overseas authors, surveys of consulting companies, etc. The subject field of labour market is enriched by new investigations, which causes the growth in academic publications. Analysis of quantitative reserves of human resources shows retention of a rather unfavorable situation on labour market. The authors propose to develop professional, social, personality and psychological features of young people, pensioners and people approaching the pension age as a potential reserve of human resources. By using the sum total of human resource reserves providing their qualitative characteristics and pro-active state policy in the field of employment could help overcome negative deformation of Russian labour market.

Situational Context Analysis of tourists’ eWOM Engagement: The Moderating Effects of Hotel Star Category and Review Site Use Intensity

ABSTRACT Based on interactional psychology theory, this study explored the moderating effects of hotel star category and hotel review site use intensity on two antecedents of consumer engagement with electronic word of mouth (eWOM): organizational review site competence (ORSCP) and organizational review site commitment (ORSCM). Data were collected from a cross-national sample of 443 hotels and analyzed using partial least-squares methods. The results confirm that ORSCP and ORSCM affect customers’ eWOM engagement. The findings also include that the hotel star category and the use intensity of hotel review sites have a moderating effect on the ORSCP – ORSCM relationship but not on these two variables’ connection with consumer eWOM engagement. This research thus ascertained that a complex relationship exists between hotels’ management of social networking sites and customers’ eWOM engagement, which has implications for hotel marketing specialists.

Situational analysis of the quality of maternal, child, and adolescent health data in the health districts of Thiès, Mbour, Kédougou, and Saraya in Senegal

SummaryIntroductionIn Senegal, the Routine Health Information System (RHIS) captures the majority of data from the Ministry of Health and Social Action (MHSA) public structures and very little health data from the private sector and other ministerial departments. Quality data strengthens the validity and reliability of research results. Common areas of data quality include accuracy, completeness, consistency, credibility, and timeliness. The work aims to assess the quality of routine maternal, child, and adolescent health data in Senegal.Materials and methodsA mixed quantitative and qualitative design was chosen in four health districts, including Thiès, Mbour, Kédougou, and Saraya. The study included functional health structures that produce maternal, child, and adolescent health data. For the quantitative part, a descriptive and analytical study was carried out. Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LQAS) was used as the sampling method. Data were collected using Performance of Routine Information Systems Management (PRISM) data collection tools and the ODK application and analyzed (univariate and bivariate) using R and Stata with an alpha risk of 5%. The following data quality indicators (accuracy, completeness, and promptness) were estimated. An exploratory case study and purposive sampling supported the qualitative part by implementing individual interviews.ResultsThe study showed an accuracy ratio of 1 in the intervention districts, a difference in the control districts, and a disparity in the transmission of guidelines between districts (inter- and intra-region). The average level of completeness was 0.64 (+/- 0.44) for all regions combined, with no significant difference between districts. The promptness rate for Kédougou, Saraya, Thiès, and Mbour districts was 81%, 75.9%, 72.2%, and 86.7%, respectively. Between 40% and 60% of facilities in each district carried out self-assessments. Data collection tools were considered to be numerous. A large number of tools were easy to use. The recording space was appreciated. On the other hand, the length of the forms was little or not appreciated by the providers. Few of the providers in the 4 districts had been trained to record data in DHIS2.ConclusionAssessment of data quality in the districts studied shows shortcomings in terms of completeness and timeliness. Many factors influence the SMEA data quality situation, including knowledge or application of RHIS policies, standards, and protocols, perception of the importance of RHIS, ease of use of data collection tools, training of providers, and diversity of data production sources.

Hyperosmolar Coma: Diagnostic Difficulties on the Clinical Example

Hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state is an acute complication of diabetes mellitus, the mortality rate of which reaches 50 %. One of the reasons for the unfavorable outcome is untimely diagnosis, which is often due to insufficient awareness of doctors regarding the features of clinical and laboratory manifestations of this diabetic complication. Hyperosmolar state often develops in older patients with polymorbidity, and neurological symptoms predominate in the clinical picture, which also complicates diagnosis and causes diagnostic errors. The article presents a clinical case of hyperosmolar hyperglycemic state, the diagnosis of which caused difficulties at all stages, including postmortem pathological examination. Initially, acute cerebrovascular accident was assumed, then the patient’s severe condition was associated with acute myocardial infarction, and based on the results of the pathological examination, a conclusion was made about sepsis and septic shock. Review of the patient’s medical history showed that the most probable diagnosis was hyperosmolar state, which developed as a result of decompensation of diabetes mellitus against the background of the inflammatory process. Severe dehydration of the patient, as the cause of her soporous state, was confirmed by the data of examination and laboratory and instrumental examination: dry skin and mucous membranes, small amount of urine, signs of blood thickening and prerenal acute renal failure. At the same time, the absence of obvious focal neurological disorders, clinically significant changes in the cardiovascular system, fever and hemodynamic disturbances did not allow, in our opinion, to associate the patient’s severe condition with acute cerebrovascular accident, myocardial infarction or septic shock. Dehydration was complicated by the development of disseminated vascular coagulation syndrome, gastrointestinal bleeding and hemorrhagic shock with a fatal outcome. This clinical case demonstrates that in differential diagnostics of diseases a more reliable approach is the analysis of the clinical picture from the point of view of the pathogenesis of disorders. Analysis of such clinical situations can serve as an aid for doctors in diagnosing hyperosmolar state.

Modern Methods of General Criminal Offences Investigation

Objective: The article examines the main modern methods of investigation of general criminal offences with an emphasis on their effectiveness in solving complex tactical tasks arising during pre-trial investigation. Theoretical Framework: The study is based on the concepts and theories of forensic science, including methods of forensic analysis, modelling, analysis of the operational situation and establishing the ‘criminal-victim’ relationship. Method: The study was conducted using the methods of observation, comparison, analysis, synthesis and modelling. In particular, general scientific approaches to the study of tactical tasks that may arise in the investigation of crimes were used. Results and Discussion: The authors reveal the peculiarities of using such methods as mental (imaginary) modelling, analysis of subjects and objects of criminal attempt, analysis of the operational situation, forensic analysis of the ‘criminal-victim’ relationship, and forensic analysis of the method of committing a crime. Their role in identifying the perpetrator, analyzing motives and building versions is revealed. Contributions: The developed approaches are important for optimizing investigative techniques and expanding their adaptation to the specifics of modern crimes, including cybercrime and economic offences. The study offers an innovative approach to the typification and systematization of investigative methods, contributing to the improvement of forensic practice.

Assessing institutional sanitation and its impact at a citywide level: an exploration of school sanitation in the Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana

IntroductionExploring sanitation at a city scale is crucial due to approaches such as Citywide Inclusive Sanitation (CWIS). Sanitation impacts individuals, households and the whole city, as recognised by CWIS. The Shit Flow Diagram Graphic (SFDG) is the primary tool for citywide situation analysis. However, current SFDGs assume that individuals use only home toilets, overlooking the complexity of toilet usage, including public and workplace facilities. Our understanding of citywide sanitation flows is incomplete if analyses ignore the other toilets that people use. This study explored the impact of one type of institutional sanitation, school sanitation, on citywide sanitation flows.MethodsTo do this an overview and analysis of school sanitation at a citywide level was needed and a method to split the school pupils’ excreta flows was developed. Data was collected from secondary sources (e.g. from Ghana Statistical and Educational Services), structured observations (n = 26), and interviews with key informants (n = 15), headteachers (n = 26) and students (n = 39) from across Accra Metropolitan Area, Ghana. This data was used to construct three SFDGs, which were compared using Trend Graphs (graphs used to compare the state of sanitation across the different stages of the sanitation value chain).Results and DiscussionThe findings indicated that school sanitation was less safely managed than household sanitation and that SFDGs could be used assess school-level sanitation. Method development was crucial to accurately partition pupils’ excreta flows. While annual flows from schools appeared insignificant citywide, this seasonal flow could adversely affect public and environmental health during school terms. Therefore, it may be more important to consider the school population as a whole when thinking about the impact of school sanitation. This study highlights the importance of understanding where people spend their day and how this is related to the different sanitation systems they use; it demonstrates the need to move beyond household sanitation. This study successfully demonstrates the level of information that is needed regarding people’s sanitation practices which enables their excreta flows to be split between different facilities. It could be used as a guide for future studies and the further development of methods to explore this topic.

P1126 Patterns of conventional therapy use and drivers of initiation for advanced therapy in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A European situational analysis

Abstract Background Data suggest limited use of advanced therapies (AT) in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) despite the accumulating data for the benefits of early, broader AT use.1-3 We evaluated barriers to AT use in IBD using a multimodal approach. Methods Market research was conducted June-November 2023. Quantitative survey on prescribing trends amongst gastroenterologists (GEs) prescribing ATs was conducted to capture AT initiation drivers in Germany, Italy, UK and US; questions for this survey were identified in qualitative interviews. GEs cycling an average of 0-1 and ≥2 conventional therapies (CTs) before initiating AT were classified as low and high cyclers, respectively. The COM-B (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation and Behaviour) model was used for behavioural analysis.4 Results Qualitative analysis covered responses from 62 participants (28 patients [pts], 24 GEs, 7 nurses, 3 pt organisation representatives), and quantitative analysis – from 142 GEs (Germany, 30; Italy, 30; UK, 30; US, 52) currently prescribing ATs, with 559 pt report forms (ulcerative colitis [UC], 280; Crohn’s disease [CD], 279) collected. CT cycling was more prevalent in UC vs CD; AT treatment was less likely in pts with UC vs CD (Figure). Differences among GEs by geography were only partially explained by cost containment in highly regulated markets (eg, Italy, UK). High cycling variations were linked to behavioural and belief-driven factors as illustrated by the notable use (7-20%) of 5-aminosalicylates in CD despite the lack of clinical guideline support. In behavioural analysis, AT initiation barriers included a lack of awareness of AT value and prescribing approach of exhausting all CT options before initiating AT. Low vs high cyclers placed higher importance on patient preference (UC, +16%; CD, +19%) and peer recommendations (UC, +13%; CD, +20%). In UC, the belief of exhausting all CT options before initiating AT was more important for high vs low cyclers (+9%). Qualitative research showed that the lack of clear guidelines disproportionately impacted high cyclers as they had reduced academic interest and limited capacity as contributors. Physician-relevant AT initiation drivers were the perceived CT risks and the growing recognition of the AT clinical value and long-term impact on the quality of life. Pt-relevant drivers included improved AT awareness and the ability and confidence for pts to self-advocate. Conclusion Cost containment and guideline variations could partially explain the observed geographic variations in AT use. Within any given country, clinical beliefs play a determining role. In Europe, a tangible increase in AT vs CT share could be achieved by encouraging GEs to initiate AT in pts with poor prognostic factors as per guideline suggestions.

Improving sleep quality in maternity patients in a Singapore academic hospital: a best practice implementation project.

Prolonged sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are common complaints among pregnant and postpartum women, and they have adverse effects on the physiological and psychological well-being of mothers antenatally and postnatally. The aim of this project was to improve antenatal and postnatal mothers' night-time sleep quality during hospitalization in an obstetric ward through multi-faceted interventions. This project followed the JBI Model of Evidence-based Healthcare and applied the seven phases of the JBI Evidence Implementation Framework to conduct context analysis, strategy implementation, and review of practice using evidence-based audit criteria. JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and the Getting Research into Practice situational analysis tool were used to support data collection and identify barriers and strategies. Mothers' sleep quality was measured using an adapted St. Mary's Hospital Sleep Questionnaire. Baseline audit results (0%) revealed that midwives and nurses were not implementing the multi-faceted interventions to promote sleep in mothers. The results in follow-up audit 1 and follow-up audit 2 achieved compliance of 63.3% (p < 0.000), respectively. Overall, the mothers were fairly satisfied with their sleep quality, were able to sleep longer, and felt more alert when waking up in the morning. There was an increase in compliance with best practices to improve mothers' sleep quality in the obstetric wards, although these results could be further improved. Mothers' perspectives of sleep promotion strategies should be explored in future projects to tailor the strategies to their needs. Sustainability plans include conducting follow-up audits and engaging ward nurses to continue implementing the multi-faceted interventions. http://links.lww.com/IJEBH/A307.

ERROR ANALYSIS OF THE MULTI-STAGE METHOD OF DETERMINING THE TRAJECTORY PARAMETERS OF LOW-ORBITAL SPACE OBJECTS DURING EXPERIMENTAL TESTING OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION CONTROL SYSTEMS AND SPACE ENVIRONMENT ANALYSIS

The repulsion of large-scale Russian aggression and other existing threats in the sphere of national security and defense of Ukraine require the accelerated development of space information technologies in the state and determine the urgent need to improve the organization of the use of space technologies in the interests of defense, the creation of the necessary organizational structures, the deployment of modern information and communication systems with the aim of increasing space situational awareness. One of the main tasks of space situational awareness is the necessary level of knowledge about outer space, the characteristics of space objects of various origins, previous, current and projected knowledge about the parameters of their orbital motion. This task becomes particularly relevant due to the adversary's use of its space means of special and radio- technical intelligence and means of commercial organization, including microsatellites, as a result of which there is a need to control the routes of the passage of surveillance satellites with the subsequent development of plans for camouflage and other types of countermeasures and protection of troops. The article formulates the task of evaluating the effectiveness of information and communication systems that are being improved as part of conducting experimental tests as part of the System of Control and Analysis of the Space Situation, which are based on algorithms for processing the results of optical observations for maintaining a catalog of space objects. The value of the systematic errors of the initial determination of the motion parameters of a low-orbit circum-circular space object based on the results of optical observations using a multi-stage method based on the approximation of measurements by a circular model and consistent evaluation of planar and in-plane parameters of the orbit was evaluated. Methodological errors introduced when describing the circular motion model of a low-orbit space object along an elliptical trajectory with a small eccentricity are: according to the parameters of the orbit plane, up to 0,80; by period - up to 4 minutes; by the latitude argument – 0,2. In the case when the observation interval does not exceed 1 minute, the maximum errors in angular parameters do not exceed 0,1, which is quite acceptable for solving practical tasks of determining the orbits of small space objects. The systematic error of the period estimation can be compensated by joint processing of the results of optical observations on different turns of the flight.