Analysis Of Activation Research Articles

Heat and drag reduction on the hypersonic nose with a nexus between active and passive control methods

This study aimed to conduct an active, passive, and hybrid control analysis on the hypersonic drag and thermal reduction. To achieve this, the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were utilized, along with the shear-stress transport turbulence model. To this purpose, the total pressure ratio, the diameter of the opposing jet outlet, and the number of aerodisks are considered as variable parameters. By combining the above parameters, six different configurations were created. Configuration 1 includes a spike, one aerodisk, and an opposing root jet. In configurations 2–5, the number of aerodisks increments and there is no opposing root jet. Configuration 6 includes a spike, four aerodisks, and an opposing root jet. After validation and analysis of the grid independency, the effects of opposing root jet pressure in values of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 0.7, the diameter of opposing root jet outlet (2, 4, and 6 mm), and the number of aerodisks (1, 2, 3, and 4) were examined thoroughly. In comparison with the optimal parametric model in configuration 1, which has a 6 mm outlet diameter and a total pressure ratio of 0.7, the parametric model under consideration exhibits reductions of 9.96% in the overall drag coefficient, 15.03% in the peak pressure, and 20.8% in the peak heat flux. However, configuration 6 has a noticeable and significant advantage in terms of stability of flow fluctuations in front of the nose. Therefore, due to the superiority of configuration 6 in terms of the stability of the flow fluctuations in front of the nose, which is an important factor in the stability of the aircraft, this configuration is the best among the configurations analyzed in this article.

Systems Pharmacology Strategy for the Investigation of Action Mechanisms of Qin Herb Libanotis Buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC. in Bone Diseases.

Qin medicines are medicinal plants growing in habitat around the peak of Qinling Mountain. Their unique curative effects on bone metabolic diseases and pain diseases have been favoured by the local people in clinical trials for thousands of years. Libanotis buchtormensis (Fisch.) DC. (LBD), is one of the popular Qin herbs, which has been widely used for the treatment of various diseases, such as osteoporosis, rheumatic, and cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the multiple compounds in LBD, the underlying molecular mechanisms of LBD remain unclear. This study aimed to systemically investigate the underlying mechanisms of LBD against bone diseases. In this study, a systems pharmacology platform included the potential active compound screening, target fishing, and network pharmacological analysis was employed to decipher the action mechanisms of LBD. As a result, 12 potential active compounds and 108 targets were obtained. Furthermore, compound-target network and target-pathway network analysis showed that multi-components interacted with multi-targets and multi-pathways, i.e., MARK signalling pathway, mTORC1 signalling pathway, etc., involved in the regulation of the immune system and circulatory system. These results suggested the mechanisms of the therapeutic effects of LBD on various diseases through most compounds targeted by multiple targets. In conclusion, we successfully predicted the LBD bioactive compounds and potential targets, implying that LBD could be applied as a novel therapeutic herb in osteoporosis, rheumatic, and cardiovascular diseases. This work provides insight into the therapeutic mechanisms of LBD for treating various diseases.

AC-DC multi-phase power flow algorithms for active distribution system analysis

AC-DC multi-phase power flow algorithms for active distribution system analysis

PGM-free single atom catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in proton exchange membrane fuel cells.

The progress of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in the clean energy sector is notable for its efficiency and eco-friendliness, although challenges remain in terms of durability, cost and power density. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is a key sluggish process and although current platinum-based catalysts are effective, their high cost and instability is a significant barrier. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) offer an economically viable alternative with comparable catalytic activity for ORR. The primary concern regarding SACs is their operational stability under PEMFCs conditions. In this article, we review current strategies for increasing the catalytic activity of SACs, including increasing active site density, optimizing metal center coordination through heteroatom doping, and engineering porous substrates. To enhance durability, we discuss methods to stabilize metal centers, mitigate the effects of the Fenton reaction, and improve graphitization of the carbon matrix. Future research should apply computational chemistry to predict catalyst properties, develop in situ characterization for real-time active site analysis, explore novel catalysts without the use of platinum-based catalysts to reduce dependence on rare and noble metal, and investigate the long-term stability of catalyst under operating conditions. The aim is to engineer SACs that meet and surpass the performance benchmarks of PEMFCs, contributing to a sustainable energy future.

СОДЕРЖАНИЕ АНТИОКСИДАНТОВ В РАЗЛИЧНЫХ ПИЩЕВЫХ СИСТЕМАХ БИСКВИТНОГО ПОЛУФАБРИКАТА

The article presents the results of determining the content of antioxidants in a biscuit semifinished product, Experimental versions based on light rye flour with different sugar content or its partial replacement with sugar beet root powder. The total content of antioxidants in the products was determined using the antioxidant activity analyzer "Tsvet Yauza-01-AA". In the laboratory of modern methods of analysis of VGUIT. According to the calibration schedule of quercetin, the content of antioxidants in the products was calculated. It was found that the use of light rye flour in the formulation of a biscuit semi-finished product increases the content of antioxidants by 34–36 %.At the same time, reducing sugar in the product formulation or partially replacing it with sugar beet root vegetable powder will expand the range of biscuit semi-finished products of increased nutritional value.

Efficient slope reliability analysis using a surrogate-assisted normal search particle swarm optimization algorithm

Abstract Sampling of training data is the most important step in active learning slope reliability analysis, which controls the analysis accuracy. In this study, a novel surrogate-assisted normal search particle swarm optimization (SANSPSO) was proposed to enhance the accuracy and robustness of existing methodologies. In SANSPSO, the sampling process was considered a minimum problem with an objective function defined as the absolute value of the performance function. Initiated with a normal search paradigm and supplemented by three algorithm strategies, this approach seeks to preserve the continuity of the solution while refining the algorithm’s efficacy and efficiency. To reduce computation cost, surrogate-assistance was used, in which a surrogate model substitutes the objective function in most iterations. This surrogate model evolves during the iteration process and ultimately replaces the actual performance function within Monte Carlo simulation. Finally, this study presents a comparative study with five state-of-the-art methods across four explicit problems and three engineering cases, where test data suggest that the SANSPSO methodology yields a 20% improvement in accuracy and a 30% rise in stability under different dimensional problems relative to the most efficacious of the alternate methods assessed because of the improved and more consistent prediction of limit state function. These findings substantiate the validity and robustness of the SANSPSO approach.

Comparison of Maceration and Soxhletation Methods on the Antioxidant Activity of the Bouea macrophylla Griff Plant

The impact of extraction methods on the potency of plant extracts is crucial. Bouea macrophylla Griff., a tropical fruit plant rich in phenolic and flavonoid compounds, exhibits strong antioxidant activity. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of maceration and soxhletation extraction techniques on B. macrophylla plants on antioxidant activity in vitro using the method of inhibiting DPPH radical compounds. Ethyl acetate and ethanol solvents were utilized to macerate and soxhlet all parts of the plant. Subsequently, each extract was subjected to quantitative analysis for antioxidant activity, total phenolic, and flavonoid content through UV-Vis spectrophotometry. Quantitative analysis revealed substantial antioxidant activity and notable levels of total phenolic and flavonoid content across all plant parts. The result indicated that although both maceration and soxhletation showed a significant impact on yield (p=0.009) and total flavonoids (p=0.038), significant differences in antioxidant activity (p=0.409) or total phenolics (p=0.874) within the plant extracts of B. macrophylla were not observed at a significance level of 5%.

Enriching IRA for nonlinear and low-probability failure problems: The active learning Kriging-based inverse reliability analyses

Active learning Kriging-based Inverse reliability analyses (AK-IRs) is proposed to addresses nonlinear and low-probability failure issues in inverse reliability analysis (IRA). Departing from linear approximations and inverse most probable point (iMPP) calculations, AK-IRs utilizes an active learning Kriging approach with proposed learning functions and discrimination criteria for precise limit state identification. This method focuses training points near the limit state, ensuring precise approximations in complex nonlinear scenarios. By constructing high-precision Kriging models without relying on gradient information, AK-IRs significantly enhances solution efficiency in IRA challenges. Numerical assessments and a real-world engineering case study validate the effectiveness of AK-IRs.

Induction of Collagenolytic MMP-8 and -9 Tissue Destruction Cascade in Mouth by Head and Neck Cancer Radiotherapy: A Cohort Study.

The effect of head and neck cancer (HNC) radiotherapy (RT) on biomarkers is not known but there is a lot of potential for gaining more precise cancer treatments and less side effects. This cohort study investigated the levels and molecular forms of the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) -8 and -9, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and interleukin (IL)-6 in mouth-rinse samples as well as the clinical periodontal status in HNC patients (n = 21) receiving RT. Complete periodontal examinations were performed pre-RT and one month after RT. Mouth-rinse samples (pre-RT, after six weeks of RT and one month after RT) were assayed using a point-of-care-kit (PerioSafe®/ORALyzer® (Dentognostics GmbH, Jena, Germany)) for active MMP-8 and ELISA analysis for total MMP-8 and -9, MPO, TIMP-1, and IL-6 levels. Molecular forms of MMP-9 were assessed by gelatinolytic zymography and MMP-8 by western immunoblot. Significant changes were observed between the three time points in the mean levels of active and total MMP-8, active MMP-9, and IL-6. Their levels increased during the RT and decreased after the RT period. The aMMP-8 levels stayed elevated even one month after RT compared to the pre-RT. Clinical attachment loss, probing depths, and bleeding on probing were increased between pre- and post-calculations in periodontal status. Elevated inflammatory biomarker levels together with clinical recordings strongly suggest that RT eventually increases the risk to the periodontal tissue destruction by inducing the active proteolytical MMP-cascade, and especially by prolonged activity of collagenolytic aMMP-8. Eventually, the aMMP-8 point-of-care mouth-rinse test could be an easy, early detection tool for estimating the risk for periodontal damage by the destructive MMP-cascade in HNC patients with RT treatment.

Synthesis of Modified C-Nucleosides of Therapeutic Significant: A Succinct Account

AbstractSince their discovery in the 1950s, C-nucleosides have piqued the interest of both biologists and medicinal chemists. In this regard, C-nucleosides and their synthetic analogues have resulted in promising leads in drug design. Concurrently, advances in chemical syntheses have contributed to structural diversity and drug discovery efforts. Convergent and modular approaches to synthesis have gained much attention in this regard. Among them nucleophilic substitution at C-1 has seen wide applications, providing flexibility in synthesis, good yields, the ability to maneuver stereochemistry as well as to incorporate structural modifications. In this account, we briefly discuss the modular synthesis of C-nucleosides with a focus on mechanistic studies and sugar modifications that have resulted in potent lead molecules. Meanwhile, various FDA-approved C-nucleoside analogues have been reported previously for their antiviral and/or anticancer potential, with examples being pyrazomycin, remdesivir, pseudouridine, and pseudouridimycin.1 Introduction and Motivation2 Strategies for the Synthesis of C-Nucleosides3 Biologically Active C-Nucleosides4 Mechanistic Analysis of C-Nucleoside Formation5 Synthesis and Manipulation of Medicinally Important C-Nucleoside Analogues6 C-Nucleosides: Synthesis of C–C Bonds with a C-1′ Base7 Conclusion

Numerical investigation of a finite element abdominal wall model during breathing and muscular contraction

Background and ObjectiveVentral hernia repair is faced with high recurrence rates. The personalization of the diagnosis, the surgical approach and the choice of the prosthetic implant seem relevant axes to improve the current results. Numerical models have the potential to allow this patient-specific approach, yet currently existing models lack validation. This work extensively investigated a realistic finite element abdominal wall model including the implementation of muscle activation. MethodsA parametric 3D finite element model composed of bone, muscle and aponeurotic structures was introduced. Hyperelastic anisotropic materials were implemented. Two loading scenarios were simulated: passive inflation of the abdominal cavity to represent, e.g., breathing, and passive inflation followed by muscular activation to simulate other daily activities such as cough. The impact of the inter-individual variability (e.g., BMI, tissue thickness, material properties, intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) and muscle contractility) on the model outputs was studied through a sensitivity analysis. ResultsThe overall model predictions were in good agreement with the experimental data in terms of shape variation, muscles displacements, strains and midline forces. A total of 34 and 41 runs were computed for the passive and active sensitivity analysis respectively. The regression model fits rendered high R-squared in both passive (84.0 ± 6.7 %) and active conditions (82.0 ± 8.3 %). IAP and muscle thickness were the most influential factors for the selected outputs during passive (breathing) activities. Maximum isometric stress, muscle thickness and pre-activation IAP were found to drive the response of the simulations involving muscular contraction. The material properties of the connective tissue were essential contributors to the behaviour of the medial part of the abdominal wall. ConclusionsThis work extensively investigated a realistic abdominal wall model and evaluated its robustness using experimental data from literature. Such a model could improve patient-specific simulation for ventral hernia surgical planning, prevention, and repair or implant evaluation. Further investigations will be conducted to evaluate the impact of the surgical technique and the mechanical characteristic of prosthetic meshes on the model outputs.

Ideological Ambivalence: A Social Semiotic Multimodal Analysis of LGBT Activism in @WhatIsUpIndonesia

Many people have attempted to criminalize the LGBT community. This study aims to examine how @WhatIsUpIndonesia negotiates the supported ideology with the dominant ideology in their Instagram posts about criminalizing LGBT people through two different cases; the proposed revision of Indonesia's Criminal Code (RKUHP) and Bogor’s Regional Regulation on the Prevention and Countermeasures Against Sexually Deviant Behavior. A corpus of two posts about the two cases is analyzed using social semiotic multimodal analysis in two steps: textual analysis and visual analysis. This study finds that WIUI negotiates its relatively liberal values with the dominant conservative ideology in Indonesia by choosing ambivalence through the shifting focus and overgeneralizing the issue using recontextualization and memes. In conclusion, two opposing ideologies in social media activism can be negotiated using ambivalence instead of leaning towards only one. However, the limitations of this research prevented a thorough examination of how WIUI interacts with its audience.

Study on The Inter-Relationships Between Physical Activity and Nature of Job on Essential Hypertension in a Pakistani University

Background: Hypertension, a leading global health concern, is influenced by various factors including physical activity and job-related stress. Understanding these relationships, especially in university settings, is crucial for effective health management strategies. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the interrelationships between physical activity, the nature of job roles, and essential hypertension among faculty members at a Pakistani university. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was employed with a sample of 219 university employees. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and the Quality of Work Measurement Scale were used to assess physical activity levels and job-related factors, respectively. Multiple hierarchical regression analyses were conducted to examine the predictors of physical activity and hypertension. Results: The study participants had an average age of 35.10 years (SD = 6.480), predominantly male (80.8%). Physical activity levels were categorized as minimally active (61.64%) and active (38.35%). Regression analysis for walking activity (R² = .91, F = 1454.25) showed that cooperation and quality of work significantly predicted walking activity, while mental strain negatively influenced it. For moderate activity (R² = .89, F = 590.27), quality of work, mental strain, and satisfaction and respect were significant predictors. Hypertension correlated strongly with job-related stress and physical activity levels. Conclusion: The study highlights a significant relationship between physical activity, job stress, and hypertension among university employees. Encouraging physical activity and managing job-related stress could be key in mitigating hypertension risk. These findings are critical for designing health promotion strategies in academic settings.

Exploration and validation of a combined Hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A regulated gene signature for prognosis prediction of liver cancer

BackgroundIt is widely acknowledged that hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A RNA modifications promote the occurrence and development of tumors by regulating the tumor microenvironment. This study aimed to establish a novel liver cancer risk signature based on hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A modifications.MethodsWe collected data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA-LIHC), the National Omics Data Encyclopedia (NODE-HCC), the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC), and the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases for our study (GSE59729, GSE41666). Using Cox regression and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) method, we developed a risk signature for liver cancer based on differentially expressed genes related to hypoxia and genes regulated by m6A/m5C/m1A modifications. We stratified patients into high- and low-risk groups and assessed differences between these groups in terms of gene mutations, copy number variations, pathway enrichment, stemness scores, immune infiltration, and predictive capabilities of the model for immunotherapy and chemotherapy efficacy.ResultsOur analysis revealed a significantly correlated between hypoxia and methylation as well as m6A/m5C/m1A RNA methylation. The three-gene prognosis signature (CEP55, DPH2, SMS) combining hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A regulated genes exhibited strong predictive performance in TCGA-LIHC, NODE-HCC, and ICGC-LIHC-JP cohorts. The low-risk group demonstrated a significantly better overall survival compared to the high-risk group (p < 0.0001 in TCGA, p = 0.0043 in NODE, p = 0.0015 in ICGC). The area under the curve (AUC) values for survival at 1, 2, and 3 years are all greater than 0.65 in the three cohorts. Univariate and Multivariate Cox regression analyses of the three datasets indicated that the signature could serve as an independent prognostic predictor (p < 0.001 in the three cohorts). The high-risk group exhibited more genome changes and higher homologous recombination deficiency scores and stemness scores. Analysis of immune infiltration and immune activation confirmed that the signature was associated with various immune microenvironment characteristics. Finally, patients in the high-risk group experienced a more favorable response to immunotherapy, and various common chemotherapy drugs.ConclusionOur prognostic signature which integrates hypoxia and m6A/m5C/m1A-regulated genes, provides valuable insights for clinical prediction and treatment guidance for liver cancer patients.

Comparative digital protest cultures in South Africa and Tamil Nadu: #feesmustfall, #Jallikattu, and Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM) - a case of surveillance and diasporic potential

This paper explores three protest movements differing in scale and scope in two regions in the world. #feesmustfall (2015-2016) was a social media movement in South Africa to protest against prohibitive hikes in university fees. #Jallikattu (2017) was a social media movement in Tamil Nadu (India) to lift a ban imposed by the Supreme Court of India against an ancient cultural sport with bulls. Abahlali baseMjondolo (AbM) is a South African social media movement to raise issues related to shack dwellers. While there is literature focusing on these movements individually (Bosch 2016, Kalaiyarasan 2017, Mdlalose 2014), a comparative approach offers some alternate insights into how state power manifests in the age of digital capitalism. Habermas (1987, 1989) theorised the transformation of the public sphere and key to understanding how these publics contest existing power structures is his explication of authentic communicative action. Using Fuchs’s (2016) and Zuboff’s (2019) analyses of social media activism, we examine police brutality and surveillance in these three movements. The classical model of diaspora (Harutyunyan 2012) is introduced to show how it manifests in two of the protest movements, and contemporary notions of diaspora (Grossman 2019: 1265) are explored to see what they could offer to diverse protest cultures.

Preliminary Analysis of Motor Cortex Activation in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

Preliminary Analysis of Motor Cortex Activation in Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy

Identifying deer-hide gelatin of Tarim red deer (Cervus elaphus yarkandensis) through active peptide analysis

Deer hide gelatin (DHG) is a food and pharmaceutical product derived from deer hide. However, the identifying the subspecies origin of red deer in the DHG still poses challenges. This study describes a novel approach for identifying DHG derived from Tarim red deer. It employs labeled peptides specific to species-specific proteins found in Tarim red deer. Species-specific proteins of Tarim red deer were identified and validated using proteomic techniques. A peptide derived from a specific protein of Tarim red deer was synthesized and employed for the development of the liquid chromatography multiplex reaction monitoring mass spectroscopy method. The capability of this method was evaluated using homemade gelatin for testing purposes. Proteomic analysis revealed the presence of a diverse range of proteins in the skin of the Tarim red deer, including Ig-like and serpin domain-containing proteins. The peptide derived from the species-specific Ig-like domain-containing protein of Tarim red deer demonstrated exceptional specificity towards DHG. Standard Pep-1 solutions were examined at a concentration of 1 × 10−4 mg/mL using liquid chromatography multiplex reaction monitoring mass spectrometry. DHG from Tarim red deer could be accurately detected using this technology. The effectiveness of the synthetic Tarim red deer-specific peptide in enhancing motor function and neuromuscular coordination was confirmed through assessment of glutathione content and superoxide dismutase activity, as well as Drosophila climbing assay and "Smurf test". The method developed in this study could improve the quality control of DHG from Tarim red deer and the development of health products and could also be applied to the identification of other foods and drugs containing protein components.

AGP-MCS+D: An active learning reliability analysis method combining dependent Gaussian process and Monte Carlo simulation

AGP-MCS+D: An active learning reliability analysis method combining dependent Gaussian process and Monte Carlo simulation

Effect of Addition of Cement in Binary Blended Geopolymer Concrete

The construction industry contributes significant greenhouse gases to the climate by consuming vast amounts of cement. Researchers are looking at alternative cement methods to decrease the adverse effects, one of which is Geopolymer Concrete (GPC). The GPC is made from industrial waste materials high in silica and activated with sodium hydroxides (NaOH) to form sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) because Geo polymer is a material that is just two decades old and is an area of extensive research. To study the effect of the addition of cement to GPC’s mechanical properties by replacing up to 50% of the ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) and fly ash with ten per cent increments. The outcomes are contrasted with the Geo Polymer Concrete control mix. For this study, an analysis of activators to fly ash at 0.35, NaOH to Na2SiO3 at 2.5, and the molarity of sodium hydroxide was set at 8M. At different ages, the compressive strength of cubes was calculated, as well as their split and flexural strengths following a 28-day curing period. The findings revealed that adding cement to the mix improves the mechanical properties. The best results are obtained at 40% cement, fly ash, and GGBFS at 60%.

Preparation of MgIn2S4/g-C3N4 for enhanced ranitidine photocatalytic degradation activity via Z-scheme electron transfer

The evidence so far indicates that ranitidine (RAN) contains N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), a strong carcinogen, which is extremely harmful to human health under long-term exposure. Hence, a well-design Z-scheme heterostructure composed of 3D MgIn2S4 micro-flower and 2D g-C3N4 nanosheets was fabricated and used to remove RAN. The optimal photocatalyst (MG-30) exhibited the fastest RAN degradation rate of 0.24685 min−1 within 30 min under visible light, which was 78.1 and 19.8 times higher than those of bare MgIn2S4 and g-C3N4, respectively. Impressively, MG-30 was exceedingly resistant to environmental variations including organic matter, inorganic salts and aqueous substrates. In the meantime, MG-30 boasted the merit such as wide pH range for RAN removal. The excellent results originated from the construction of Z-scheme heterojunctions, which improved the carrier separation efficiency and retained the strong redox ability of MG-30, thereby contributing to the creation of rich active species. Meanwhile, the 3D/2D structure of MgIn2S4/g-C3N4 overrode the limited reflection of visible light. The active species analyses revealed that superoxide radical (·O2−) and hydroxyl radical (·OH) mainly participated in RAN degradation. Furthermore, the possible degradation pathways of RAN and toxicity analysis of intermediates produced were presented. This work emphasizes practical application potential of Z-scheme heterostructure photocatalysts for emerging contaminants degradation in wastewater.