Analog Processing Research Articles

Termination of convulsion seizures by destabilizing and perturbing seizure memory engrams.

Epileptogenesis, arising from alterations in synaptic strength, shares mechanistic and phenotypic parallels with memory formation. However, direct evidence supporting the existence of seizure memory remains scarce. Leveraging a conditioned seizure memory (CSM) paradigm, we found that CSM enabled the environmental cue to trigger seizure repetitively, and activating cue-responding engram cells could generate CSM artificially. Moreover, cue exposure initiated an analogous process of memory reconsolidation driven by mammalian target of rapamycin-brain-derived neurotrophic factor signaling. Pharmacological targeting of the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway within a limited time window reduced seizures in animals and interictal epileptiform discharges in patients with refractory seizures. Our findings reveal a causal link between seizure memory engrams and seizures, which leads us to a deeper understanding of epileptogenesis and points to a promising direction for epilepsy treatment.

Metamaterial-based passive analog processor for wireless vibration sensing

Real-time, low-cost, and wireless mechanical vibration monitoring is necessary for industrial applications to track the operation status of equipment, environmental applications to proactively predict natural disasters, as well as day-to-day applications such as vital sign monitoring. Despite this urgent need, existing solutions, such as laser vibrometers, commercial Wi-Fi devices, and cameras, lack wide practical deployment due to their limited sensitivity and functionality. Here we proposed a fully passive, metamaterial-based vibration processing device, fabricated prototypes working at different frequencies ranging from 5 Hz to 285 Hz, and verified that the device can improve the sensitivity of wireless vibration measurement methods by more than ten times when attached to vibrating surfaces. Additionally, the device realizes an analog real-time vibration filtering/labeling effect, and the device also provides a platform for surface editing, which adds more functionalities to the current non-contact sensing systems. Finally, the working frequency of the device is widely adjustable over orders of magnitudes, broadening its applicability to different applications, such as structural health diagnosis, disaster warning, and vital signal monitoring.

Sortase-Catalyzed Protein Domain Inversion.

Topological transformations and permutations of proteins have attracted significant interest as strategies to generate new protein functionalities or stability. These efforts have mainly been inspired by naturally occurring post-translational modifications, such as head-to-tail cyclization, circular permutation, or lasso-like entanglement. Such approaches can be realized experimentally via genetic encoding, in the case of circular permutation, or via enzymatic processing, in the case of cyclization. Notably, these previously described strategies leave the polypeptide backbone orientation unaltered. Here we describe an unnatural protein permutation, the protein domain inversion, whereby a C-terminal portion of a protein is enzymatically inverted from the canonical N-to-C to a C-to-C configuration with respect to the N-terminal part of the protein. The closest conceptually analogous biological process is perhaps the inversion of DNA segments as catalyzed by recombinases. We achieve these inversions using an engineered sortase A, a widely used transpeptidase. Our reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions at 4-25 °C and are compatible with entirely heterologously-produced protein substrates.

Sortase‐Catalyzed Protein Domain Inversion

AbstractTopological transformations and permutations of proteins have attracted significant interest as strategies to generate new protein functionalities or stability. These efforts have mainly been inspired by naturally occurring post‐translational modifications, such as head‐to‐tail cyclization, circular permutation, or lasso‐like entanglement. Such approaches can be realized experimentally via genetic encoding, in the case of circular permutation, or via enzymatic processing, in the case of cyclization. Notably, these previously described strategies leave the polypeptide backbone orientation unaltered. Here we describe an unnatural protein permutation, the protein domain inversion, whereby a C‐terminal portion of a protein is enzymatically inverted from the canonical N‐to‐C to a C‐to‐C configuration with respect to the N‐terminal part of the protein. The closest conceptually analogous biological process is perhaps the inversion of DNA segments as catalyzed by recombinases. We achieve these inversions using an engineered sortase A, a widely used transpeptidase. Our reactions proceed efficiently under mild conditions at 4–25 °C and are compatible with entirely heterologously‐produced protein substrates.

The dynamics of impinging plumes from a moving source

We present the results from a series of experiments investigating the dynamics of gravity currents which form when a dense saline or particle-laden plume issuing from a moving source interacts with a horizontal surface. We define the dimensionless parameter $P$ as the ratio of the source speed, $u_a$ , to the buoyancy speed, $(B_0/z_0)^{1/3}$ , where $B_0$ and $z_0$ are the source buoyancy flux and height above the horizontal surface, respectively. Using our experimental data, we determine that the limiting case in which $P=P_c$ the gravity current only spreads downstream of the initial impact point occurs when $P_c=0.83\pm 0.02$ . For $P< P_c$ , from our experiments we observe that the plume forms a gravity current that spreads out in all directions from the point of impact and the propagation of the gravity current is analogous to a classical constant-flux gravity current. For $P>P_c$ , we observe that the descending plume is bent over and develops a pair of counter-rotating line vortices along the axis of the plume. The ensuing gravity current spreads out downstream of the source, normal to the motion of the source. Analogous processes occur with particle-laden plumes, but there is a second dimensionless parameter $S$ , the ratio of the particle fall speed, $v_s$ , to the vertical speed of a plume in a crossflow, $(B_0/u_a z_0)^{1/2}$ . For $S\ll 1$ , particles remain well mixed in the plume and a particle-driven gravity current develops. For $S\gg 1$ , particles separate from the plume prior to impacting the boundary which leads to a fall deposit and no gravity current. We discuss these results in the context of deep-sea mining.

Risks in the analogue and digitally-supported medication process and potential solutions to increase patient safety in the hospital: A mixed methods study.

In hospital medication errors are common. Our aim was to investigate risks of the analogue and digitally-supported medication process and any potential solutions. A mixed methods study including a structured literature search and online questionnaires based on the Delphi method was conducted. First, all risks were structured into main and sub-risks and second, risks were grouped into risk clusters. Third, healthcare experts assessed risk clusters regarding their likelihood of occurrence their possible impact on patient safety. Experts were also asked to estimate the potential for digital solutions and solutions that strengthen the competence of healthcare professionals. Overall, 160 main risks and 542 sub-risks were identified. Main risks were grouped into 43 risk clusters. 33 healthcare experts (56% female, 50% with >20 years professional-experience) ranked the likelihood of occurrence and the impact on patient safety in the top 15 risk clusters regarding the process steps: admission (n = 4), prescribing (n = 3), verifying (n = 1), preparing/dispensing (n = 3), administering (n = 1), discharge (n = 1), healthcare professional competence (n = 1), and patient adherence (n = 1). 28 healthcare experts (64% female, 43% with >20 years professional-experience) mostly suggested awareness building and training, strengthened networking, and involvement of pharmacists at point-of-care as likely solutions to strengthen healthcare professional competence. For digital solutions they primarily suggested a digital medication list, digital warning systems, barcode-technology, and digital support in integrated care. The medication process holds a multitude of potential risks, in both the analogue and the digital medication process. Different solutions to strengthen healthcare professional competence and in the area of digitalization were identified that could help increase patient safety and minimize possible errors.

Lysosomal processing of sulfatide analogs alters target NKT cell specificity and immune responses in cancer.

In a structure-function study of sulfatides that typically stimulate type II NKT cells, we made an unexpected discovery. We compared analogs with sphingosine or phytosphingosine chains and 24-carbon acyl chains with 0-1-2 double bonds (C or pC24:0, 24:1, or 24:2). C24:1 and C24:2 sulfatide presented by the CD1d monomer on plastic stimulated type II, not type I, NKT cell hybridomas, as expected. Unexpectedly, when presented by bone marrow-derived DCs (BMDCs), C24:2 reversed specificity to stimulate type I, not type II, NKT cell hybridomas, mimicking the corresponding β-galactosylceramide (βGalCer) without sulfate. C24:2 induced IFN-γ-dependent immunoprotection against CT26 colon cancer lung metastases, skewed the cytokine profile, and activated conventional DC subset 1 cells (cDC1s). This was abrogated by blocking lysosomal processing with bafilomycin A1, or by sulfite blocking of arylsulfatase or deletion of this enyzme that cleaves off sulfate. Thus, C24:2 was unexpectedly processed in BMDCs from a type II to a type I NKT cell-stimulating ligand, promoting tumor immunity. We believe this is the first discovery showing that antigen processing of glycosylceramides alters the specificity for the target cell, reversing the glycolipid's function from stimulating type II NKT cells to stimulating type I NKT cells, thereby introducing protective functional activity in cancer. We also believe our study uncovers a new role for antigen processing that does not involve MHC loading but rather alteration of which type of cell is responding.

Influence of Cold Work on the Efficiency of Vibratory Machining

The aim of the article was to determine the impact of crushed condition (work hardening) on the effectiveness of the vibratory machining. The vibratory machining processing was carried out in two steps. The first step consisted of mechanical abrasion and remove oxides from the surface of the workpieces with abrasive media. While in the second step, smoothing - polishing with metal media was performed. Vibratory polishing also strengthened the treated surfaces. The test results were compared for samples in the crushed state (work hardening, plastic processing) and samples subjected to recrystallization annealing heat treatment. Mass losses, changes in the geometric structure of the surface and changes in the hardness of the machining surfaces were analyzed. Samples subjected to recrystallization, as compared to the samples in the state after work hardening-plastic working, are characterized by a slightly higher arithmetic mean surface roughness and lower surface hardness than for analogous processes for samples not subjected to heat treatment. Heat treatment of annealing allows to remove the effects of crushing and thus it is possible to obtain larger mass losses. Smaller burrs dimensions were obtained for samples after the heat treatment – annealing than after work hardening.

A Reconfigurable Linear RF Analog Processor for Realizing Microwave Artificial Neural Network

A Reconfigurable Linear RF Analog Processor for Realizing Microwave Artificial Neural Network

Acid-site control of ZSM-5 zeolites using quaternary ammonium hydroxides for shale gas dehydroaromatization

The direct non-oxidative shale gas dehydroaromatization is a promising route for BTX (benzene, toluene, and xylenes) production, offering an effective alternative to conventional crude-oil-based processes. However, it faces crucial challenges such as rapid catalytic deactivation in Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts and limited regenerability due to the formation of external hard coke, resulting from external Mo active sites. This study introduces a hydrothermal post-treatment approach that can selectively control the external Al sites in ZSM-5 zeolites using quaternary ammonium hydroxides, aimed at reducing external Mo anchoring sites. This method successfully reduced the external Al and Mo-site densities in Mo/ZSM-5 catalysts, concurrently introducing mesoporosity, eventually leading to improved catalytic stability, reduced hard coke formation, and enhanced regenerability of spent catalysts. We highlight the significance of the roles of quaternary ammonium cations in the hydrothermal post-treatment, contrasting their effects with the NaOH treatment and analogous processes conducted at lower temperatures.

Regularization and Innovation: A Usage-Based Approach to Past Participle Variation in Brazilian Portuguese

This project explores the synchronic variation of participle forms in Brazilian Portuguese (BP). Despite general systematicity, the language maintains many historically irregular participles, which often compete with regularized variants. The language has also developed innovative participles, which tend to exist in variation with regular forms. Adopting a usage-based framework, the study examines how analogical processes affect persistent irregular participles and short-form forms in BP, emphasizing the role of grammatical context and frequency. Data are drawn from the Portuguese Web 2011 corpus, including 12 verbs with long-form Latinate irregulars (n = 4800) and 8 verbs with short-form forms (n = 3200). The results show that long-form Latinate irregulars are more common as adjectives and with the verb estar, while regularized forms are prevalent with ser and in perfect constructions. Conversely, short-form participles occur least frequently in perfect constructions, showing a tendency towards the maintenance of regularity in this context. Additionally, verbs that occur more often in perfect constructions are most resistant to innovation. These findings indicate that perfect constructions play a dual role in promoting and preserving regularity in BP and shed light on how grammar–internal relationships and contexts of occurrence play a role in language variation and change.

The yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 regulate key signaling pathways.

Cell signaling regulates several physiological processes by receiving, processing, and transmitting signals between the extracellular and intracellular environments. In signal transduction, phosphorylation is a crucial effector as the most common posttranslational modification. Selectively recognizing specific phosphorylated motifs of target proteins and modulating their functions through binding interactions, the yeast 14-3-3 proteins Bmh1 and Bmh2 are involved in catabolite repression, carbon metabolism, endocytosis, and mitochondrial retrograde signaling, among other key cellular processes. These conserved scaffolding molecules also mediate crosstalk between ubiquitination and phosphorylation, the spatiotemporal control of meiosis, and the activity of ion transporters Trk1 and Nha1. In humans, deregulation of analogous processes triggers the development of serious diseases, such as diabetes, cancer, viral infections, microbial conditions and neuronal and age-related diseases. Accordingly, the aim of this review article is to provide a brief overview of the latest findings on the functions of yeast 14-3-3 proteins, focusing on their role in modulating the aforementioned processes.

Design of Low Power Analog/RF Signal Processing Circuits Using 22 nm Silicon-on-Insulator Schottky Barrier Nano-Wire MOSFET

The gate-all-around (GAA) silicon-on-insulator (SOI) Schottky barrier (SB) nano-wire (NW) MOSFET was recently proposed for low-power and high-frequency analog and radio frequency (RF) circuits. But their use in low-power and high-frequency analog/RF circuits is still under investigation. In this work, basic analog signal processing circuits using gate-all-around SOI-SB-NW MOSFETs are designed for low-power and high-frequency applications. These basic and necessary analog processing circuits are designed for ± 0.3 V and ± 0.25 V power supplies to work on frequencies up to 10 GHz. The analog/RF characteristics of the GAA SOI-SB MOSFET are compared with those of the GAA SB NW MOSFET. The SOI-SB NW MOSFET shows improvements in early voltage, output resistance, and transconductance generation factor. The Silvaco TCAD simulator is used to obtain the results and perform numerical simulations. Simulation results show good analog/RF performance of the analog processing circuits.

Siyasah Syar'iyah Analysis of the Alcohol Beverage Bill and its Relevance to Mui Fatwa No. 11 Of 2009 Concerning the Alcohol Law

The reality is that alcoholic drinks are a tradition and a habit at events in certain areas, such as Sulawesi and West Sumatra. Therefore, Indonesia must pass a Bill on the prohibition of alcoholic beverages with the aim that Indonesian people understand the harm that occurs because of alcoholic beverages. The question that arises is how important is the Bill on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages both philosophically, sociologically, and normatively, and what is the relevance of the Bill on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Drinks to MUI Fatwa Number 11 of 2019 concerning Alcohol Law? This study aims to find out the importance of prohibiting alcoholic beverages, both philosophically, sociologically, and normatively in the form of laws and regulations, so it could apply legally and bind all the people. This study also wants to explore the relevance of the Legislation of the Law on the Prohibition of Alcoholic Beverages with the MUI Fatwa Number 11 of 2019 concerning Alcohol Law. This study is a qualitative type in the form of literature research (library research), which discusses the harm of alcoholic beverages in a philosophical-historical review with a maqasid al-shari’ah approach. Siyasa a-Taymiyyah’s review of the prohibition of alcoholic beverages as well as the prohibition of khamr in the legal analogy process aims to; first, take benefit and eliminate harm. Second, the form of saad al-Dzari’ah, which is preventing loopholes to take actions that bring greater harm with the rule of dar’ul mafasid muqaddamun ’ala jalbil mashalih (preventing harm takes precedence over taking benefit). This is done to protect religion, soul, mind, lineage, and property. From this, it can be concluded that all drinks which cause harm, such as khamr, are punished as haram as khamr, because they have the same ’illat law.
 Keywords: urgency, legislation, alcoholic beverages

Biological evolution and human cognition are analogous information processing systems.

The mechanisms that govern biological evolution and human cognition are analogous, as both follow the same principles of natural information processing systems. In this article, we describe the following five principles that provide an analogy between biological evolution and human cognition: (a) Randomness as Genesis Principle and (b) Borrowing and Reorganizing Principle, which indicate how natural information processing systems obtain information; (c) Narrow Limits of Change Principle and (d) Information Store Principle, which indicate how information is processed and stored; and (e) Environmental Organizing and Linking Principle, which indicate how stored information is used to generate actions appropriate to an environment. In human cognition, these analogs only apply to cognitive processes associated with biologically secondary knowledge, the knowledge typically taught in educational institutions. Based on these five principles, cognitive load theory researchers have provided diverse prescriptions to optimize instructional activities and materials. We conclude by discussing general instructional implications and future research directions based on this analogy.

Preparative scale Achmatowicz and aza-Achmatowicz rearrangements catalyzed by Agrocybe aegerita unspecific peroxygenase.

The unspecific peroxygenase (UPO) from Agrocybe aegerita (rAaeUPO-PaDa-I-H) is an effective and practical biocatalyst for the oxidative expansion of furfuryl alcohols/amines on a preparative scale, using the Achmatowicz and aza-Achmatowicz reaction. The high activity and stability of the enzyme, which can be produced on a large scale as an air-stable lyophilised powder, renders it a versatile and scalable biocatalyst for the preparation of synthetically valuable 6-hydroxypyranones and dihydropiperidinones. In several cases, the biotransformation out-performed the analogous chemo-catalysed process, and operates under milder and greener reaction conditions.

Структурная трансформация национальной экономики России в целях устойчивого экономического роста

Subject/topic. The problems of the research topic are caused by the increasing tension in the world associated with the destruction of economic ties between countries, the emergence of new challenges for the national economy of both endogenous and exogenous nature. The analysis of structural changes in the economy must be evaluated annually to determine the current state and the vector of further development. Goals/objectives. The purpose of the study is to identify such structural changes in the national economy that would ensure its sustainable economic growth and economic security. Methodology. The methodology of the research was a systematic approach, in which historical, logical research methods, methods of analogy, comparison and statistical data processing were used. Results. The structural changes of the national economy associated with a number of tasks are identified: increasing manufacturing industries in the GDP structure within the framework of import substitution; increasing the share of costs in national income for R&D, high-tech industries, for the development of innovations, «smart industries», «green» technologies; increasing the income of the population by improving the quality of human capital and effective demographic policy in order to increase the population; stimulating domestic consumer demand. The presented tasks cannot be solved without the formation of a favorable institutional environment, which requires certain innovations and adjustments. Conclusions/significance. The novelty of the scientific research consists in determining the possible proportions of the national economy in the GDP structure for economic growth and development in the conditions of modern instability of the external environment of Russia. Application. The presented results in the form of changes in the structure of GDP for the near future and long-term development can be useful to the authorities for the development of economic policy of the state.

Ligand-to-metal charge transfer facilitates photocatalytic oxygen atom transfer (OAT) with cis-dioxo molybdenum(vi)-Schiff base complexes.

Systems incorporating the cis-Mo(O)2 motif catalyse a range of important thermal homogeneous and heterogeneous oxygen atom transfer (OAT) reactions spanning biological oxidations to platform chemical synthesis. Analogous light-driven processes could offer a more sustainable approach. The cis-Mo(O)2 complexes reported here photocatalyse OAT under visible light irradiation, and operate via a non-emissive excited state with substantial ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) character, in which a Mo[double bond, length as m-dash]O π*-orbital is populated via transfer of electron density from a chromophoric salicylidene-aminophenol (SAP) ligand. SAP ligands can be prepared from affordable commercially-available precursors. The respective cis-Mo(O)2-SAP catalysts are air stable, function in the presence of water, and do not require additional photosensitisers or redox mediators. Benchmark OAT between phosphines and sulfoxides shows that electron withdrawing groups (e.g. C(O)OMe, CF3) are necessary for photocatalytic activity. The photocatalytic system described here is mechanistically distinct from both thermally catalysed OAT by the cis-Mo(O)2 motif, as well as typical photoredox systems that operate by outer sphere electron transfer mediated by long-lived emissive states. Both photoactivated and thermally activated OAT steps are coupled to establish a catalytic cycle, offering new opportunities for the development of photocatalytic atom transfer based on readily-available, high-valent metals, such as molybdenum.

Software-Defined Analog Processing Based on IEC 61850 Implemented in an Edge Hardware Platform to be Used in Digital Substations

Software-Defined Analog Processing Based on IEC 61850 Implemented in an Edge Hardware Platform to be Used in Digital Substations

Rola i znaczenie Kościoła katolickiego w PRL i Cerkwi prawosławnej w ZSRR w procesie przemian systemowych u schyłku lat 80. XX w. Przyczynek do analizy

The participation of the Catholic Church in the systemic changes in Poland is unquestionable. The significant role of church hierarchs, middle- and lower-level pastors in accelerating the erosion of the communist dictatorship in Poland over the years, and especially in the last decade of the Polish People’s Republic, is unquestionable. Analogous processes of political, social, economic and cultural changes taking place in neighboring countries where Catholicism was the dominant religion were also stimulated to a large extent by representatives of the clergy. However, the issue of the importance of the Orthodox Church in the Soviet Union for the systemic changes at the end of the 1980s remains slightly more complicated. Therefore, the article compares two powerful Churches, Catholic and Orthodox, from the point of view of analogy and diff erences in the role, influence and importance of these institutions for the collapse of both authoritarian systems.