Analog Video Signal Research Articles

Alignment and performance analysis of free-space optical communications for broadband video transmission.

We describe a free-space optical communications system operating with an externally modulated infrared carrier signal at 1550nm. The purpose of the system is to explore an alternative to radio-frequency wireless communications, which are subject to spectral congestion and bandwidth limitations. We provide details of the optical alignment procedure and a means for extrapolating the obtained results to larger transmission distances. To illustrate the versatility of the system, a relatively wideband signal was chosen for transmission: an NTSC analog video signal, whose instantaneous bandwidth was 6MHz. We describe the performance of the system by examining its output image quality and signal-to-noise ratio.

Analog Backscatter Video Transmission for Wireless Capsule Endoscope

Wireless capsule endoscopy is a fast-growing technology in healthcare systems. Due to using battery for powering the camera, light source, wireless communication, and other electronics, it has substantial limitations with the image quality, frame rate, and operating time. In this work, we propose a wireless passive video transmission system for capsule endoscopy, in which the power consumption is reduced by using analog camera sensor, and implementing an innovative radar technique for remote reading of the analog video signal using radio frequency backscattering. The power consumption of the capsule communication system tends to zero. The communication electronics system is minimized to a single Varactor diode with appropriate matching circuits and the image sensor power consumption is reduced by eliminating the camera sensor’s analog to digital converter. With these improvements the capsule system can operate for a longer period of time which enables the feasibility of continuous video streaming during the gastric tract screening. The design feasibility is demonstrated in a phantom experiment, and validated in an animal experiment for depths 6–11 cm using a bi-static radar system at 400 MHz, implemented using software defined radio platform.

TV and video game streaming with a quantum receiver: A study on a Rydberg atom-based receiver's bandwidth and reception clarity

We demonstrate the ability to receive live color analog television and video game signals with the use of the Rydberg atom receiver. The typical signal expected for traditional 480i National Television Standards Committee format video signals requires a bandwidth of over 3 MHz. We determine the beam sizes, powers, and detection method required for the Rydberg atoms to receive this type of signal. The beam size affects the average time the atoms remain in the interaction volume, which is inversely proportional to the bandwidth of the receiver. We find that small beam diameters (less than 100 μm) lead to much faster responses and allow for color reception. We demonstrate the effect of the beam size on bandwidth by receiving a live 480i video stream with the Rydberg atom receiver. The best video reception was achieved with a beam width of 85 μm full-width at half-max.

Hardware Design of Multichannel Video Acquisition System Based on FPGA

A hardware design of multi-channel video acquisition system is designed, we propose system based on FPGA Cyclone V chip, The A/D conversion of analog video signal is accomplished through high-speed parallel AD chip LTC2202 of LINEAR Company. In the process of image data acquisition, SDRAM is used for data caching in image processing. From capacity and reading and writing speed analysis, 2 pieces of MICRON Company’s 32 bit wide MT48LC2M32B2B5 are selected, and the capacity is 64Mb, The Cameralink interface is selected as the interface between FPGA and image data transmission of external system. There is reserved communication with external control signals, sending control signals by TI Company DS90LV047. The system collects the image data from the front end through the A/D, caches the SDRAM and outputs the image through Cameralink to achieve the high speed and high efficiency of the data transmission. The hardware realizes the data acquisition and transmission of the multi-channel target image.

A Scheme for UDWDM-PON Broadband Access Network Using a Mode Locked Laser Diode and Optical Injection Locking

Abstract This paper describes an useful scheme of ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexed-passive optical network (UDWDM-PON) meant for the bidirectional transmission of analog video signals to the users in the Optical Network Unit (ONU). Each user has a dedicated wavelength which carries a group of analog video channels. This PON scheme is bidirectional with a long distance of transmission of 100 km typically over a single optical fiber. The video channels designated for a particular user in the ONU can be continuously tuned by a post-detection tunable bandpass filter. Intermodulation distortion (IMD) resulting from a mixing of analog video channels carried by a single wavelength has been calculated for a group of three video channels which lies in the range of –30 dB to –85 dB typically for a set of values of parameters used in practice. This IMD level is fairly acceptable for analog video signal transmission and reception in practice. The novelty of this scheme is that it is long reach.

Electoral Effects of Biased Media: Russian Television in Ukraine

AbstractWe use plausibly exogenous variation in the availability of the Russian analog television signal in Ukraine to study how a media source with a conspicuous political agenda impacts political behavior and attitudes. Using highly disaggregated election data and an original survey, we estimate that Russian television substantially increased average electoral support for parties and candidates with a “pro‐Russian” agenda in the 2014 presidential and parliamentary elections. Evidence suggests that this effect is attributable to persuasion rather than differential mobilization. The effectiveness of biased media varied in a politically consequential way: Its impact was largest on voters with strong pro‐Russian priors but was less effective, and to some degree even counter‐effective, in persuading those with strong pro‐Western priors. Our finding suggests that exposing an already polarized society to a biased media source can result in even deeper polarization.

Remote Automatic Meter Reading System

In order to satisfy the development of the cities and the requirements of modern factories, the network of water has been changing the pattern of the city quickly. It is possible to use automatic meter reading technology to read the data of the meters which were only read by human manual to solve the resource supply pipe network monitoring problem as the 2G/3G technology development. We designed a remote wireless automatic meter reading device to achieve the actual needs of users. STM32 works well as the core control devices to satisfy the requirements, combined with surveillance cameras and 3G wireless module to complete the hardware circuit design, which includes STM32 control circuit, sensor data acquisition part, 3G wireless module interface section, the analog video signal processing section and so on. The software was designed according to the users needs, the test results show that the device satisfies the requirements and could be used in the resource monitoring directly.

Target Detection in Analog Terrestrial TV-Based Passive Radar Sensor: Joint Delay-Doppler Estimation

Due to 64- $\mu \text{s}$ line fly-back time of the analog television (ATV) signal producing a range ambiguity at ranges corresponding to the multiples of 19.2 km, it seems that we cannot determine the targets’ ranges in ATV-based passive bistatic radars (PBRs). Based on this standpoint, all discovered works on a target-detection problem in an ATV-based PBR have focused on the Doppler information in echoes of the television video carrier signal not range information. To cope with the severe range ambiguity of the ATV signal and make it possible to jointly estimate targets’ delays and Doppler shifts, we propose a new detector performing target detection in a layered manner. In each layer, one target is detected. Detection in each layer is done using a generalized likelihood ratio detector. Interference due to the detected target in the first layer is estimated and subtracted from the received signal. From the first layer’s interference canceled signal, another target (if exist) is detected in the second layer. The interference due to the second layer’s detected target is estimated and subtracted. These detection and interference cancellation steps are carried out in each layer, until all the targets are detected. The proposed detector is also implemented based on the chirp z-transform to efficiently obtain targets’ Doppler shifts over a limited range of Doppler frequencies. To obtain an effective cancellation of the strong interfering targets as well as off-grid targets, a robust version of resulting algorithm is also presented. Extensive simulation results are provided to demonstrate the high performance of the resulting target-detection algorithms.

Electoral Effects of Biased Media: Russian Television in Ukraine

We use plausibly exogenous variation in the availability of Russian analog television signal in Ukraine to study how a media source with a conspicuous political agenda impacts political behavior and attitudes. Using highly granular election data and an original survey we estimate that Russian television substantially increased average electoral support for parties and candidates with a 'pro-Russian' agenda in the 2014 presidential and parliamentary elections. We show that this effect is attributable to persuasion rather than differential mobilization. The effectiveness of biased media varied in a politically consequential way: its impact was largest on voters with strong pro-Russian priors but was less effective, and to some degree even counter-effective, in persuading those with strong pro-Western priors. Our finding suggests that exposing an already polarized society to a biased media source can result in even deeper polarization.

Network-Based Timing, Genlock and Time Code Using Precision Time Protocol

Broadcast genlock is currently achieved using an analog video signal as the reference. As facilities progress toward new video formats, and also become multiformat, the use of a single analog video reference becomes progressively less appropriate. Genlock systems need to translate from the reference to the desired production format, involving complex ratios of frequency and timing. There is also no standard for the phase relationship between different video formats, although this may be important in multiformat facilities. IEEE 1588 1 supports the transport of time with a high degree of accuracy, and it allows that time to be defined relative to an epoch. Using this information, any video or audio format's timing can be generated reliably and consistently. IEEE 1588 allows for each application to define its own profile. SMPTE has defined a profile for broadcast facility use. This paper explores the choices involved in the profile and ways in which it can be applied to practical media synchronization applications.

Methods of resolution enhancement of laser diameter measuring instruments

Abstract The paper presents the implementation of diffraction and spectral analysis methods allowing 1 μm resolution enhancement of optical instruments intended for measurements of such round wire materials as cables, wires, cords, etc. with diameters exceeding the wavelength (~0.5 mm and large). The transformation function suggested allows detecting geometrical boundaries of object׳s shadows that are used to calculate its diameter independently from its location in the gaging zone. The real-time detection algorithm is described for diffraction extreme values in the analog video signal produced by the charge-coupled device sensors. A method of additional improvement of resolution is shown on the basis of spectral analysis.

Design of Ground Monitoring System Guidance System Based on Virtual Instrument

For backward status of a missile guidance device monitoring methods, developed a set of ground monitoring system based on virtual instrument technology. The system meets the standard test of a certain type of missile guidance device, the data acquisition card and controller of PXI bus as the hardware platform, using LabVIEW as the software development platform, The acquisition of analog signal, video signal and serial communication set in one, it can detect the performance and parameters of the guidance device, and monitoring the flight trajectory of the missile qualitatively. The application results show that the monitoring system is stable and reliable, improve the efficiency and accuracy of monitoring, and has a certain popularization value.

The Design of Wireless Video Monitoring System Based on FPGA

The wireless video monitoring system contains the video acquisition device,video transmission device,video storage device and VGA display device.In this paper,we use video acquisition device to collect video siganals in real-time.The analog video signal is transmitted by using wireless technology.The video signal is converted to a digital signal by using the dedicated A/D chip. At the same time ,the YCrCb signals will be converted into RGB signals by the format converting module.Then,the digital RGB signals are converted to analog RGB signals through the D/A,and they are finally displayed on the VGA monitor in real-time.The design mainly uses the wireless transmission technology to transmit analog video signals and uses ADV7181 to decode.The controlling system of FPGA deals with the decoded digital signals which will be transmitted to the D/A and the data finally will display in real time.

The 3-D view from above [Resources_Hands On

The gaming world may soon get a shake-up with the introduction of the Oculus Rift, a 3-D head-mounted display that promises to be compact, comfortable, and reasonably priced. Reading about the DIY origins of this gadget got me wondering how hard it would be to cobble together something similar. Because I'm not a gamer, though, I didn't immediately start investigating the possibility. Then I started to wonder whether a 3-D display could enhance a pastime I do enjoy-flying radio-controlled model airplanes outfitted with video cameras so they can be piloted in a mode known as first-person view (FPV). . I soon discovered a company offering this very thing through an Indiegogo campaign. The folks at EMR Laboratories, in Waterloo, Ont., Canada, have come up with a device they call Transporter3D. It can accept two analog video signals and combine them into a single digital output that can be displayed in 3-D on the Oculus Rift. Combined with EMR Laboratories' stereo video camera, which goes by the much less evocative name 3D Cam FPV, the Transporter3D can provide model-aircraft owners with stereoscopic FPV capabilities. . All this seemed intriguing, but it wasn't clear to me that a sense of depth would add significantly to the fun of FPV flying. And I didn't want to sink the US $1000 or so it would cost to purchase the 3D Cam FPV, the Transporter3D, and an Oculus Rift developer kit to find out.

Design of Smart Car Video Capture System Based on SAA7113

For the purpose of making a smart car which can recognize the road make up of a black line wide of 2.5cm and white background, a video capture system based on SAA7113 is designed. The chip SAA7113, a video decoder, is used for video capture of the smart car. First, the hardware of SAA7113 peripheral circuit is designed, through the SAA7113, the analog video signal collected from CCD sensor is converted into digital, and the valid row signals and parity field signals are extracted. Second, the initialize configuration of SAA7113 is realized via the I2C bus. Finally, the algorithm of video capture is proposed. The results showed that the video capture system can get a 30x80 image every 20ms, and the image can basically reflect the road information, which can be meet the control requirements of the smart car.

Radio-Over-Fiber Access Architecture for Integrated Broadband Wireless Services

This paper introduces two radio-over-fiber (RoF) architectures for the future broadband optical-wireless access network-all-band RoF and band-mapped 60-GHz RoF that can be integrated in ultra-dense wavelength division multiplexing passive optical network (UDWDM-PON). Legacy wireless services and multi-gigabit millimeter-wave (mm-wave) applications are integrated and delivered simultaneously under one shared infrastructure. With centralized system control and signal processing, the proposed systems provide cost-effective and protocol-transparent solutions for the next-generation multi-service bundle in heterogeneous networks (HetNets). In the all-band RoF network where wireless services are kept at their original carrier frequencies, Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and 60-GHz high-speed mm-wave services are transmitted based on subcarrier multiplexing (SCM) and dual-wavelength heterodyne beating techniques in avoidance of optical filters and large-bandwidth optoelectronic components. In the indoor environment, the band-mapped mm-wave RoF design is illustrated with real-time analog television signal, Wi-Fi, and high-speed digital baseband data-all of which are transmitted over unified optical and air links. By mapping various wireless signals into 60-GHz sub-bands, the novel architecture achieves higher spectral efficiency and lower power consumption.

Design of a Hand-Shape Image Acquisition System Based on DM642

A hand-shape image acquisition system based on DSP was designed for solving the problem of hand-shape recognition. Acquisition configuration was designed, and the key parts (encoder, decoder, memory chip etc.) were selected. Finally, development of image capture driver was put forward. The imaging information were transferred into analog video signal by CCD camera, and analog video signal decoded was transferred to video port of DSP, after that one frame processed image was transferred to display after being encoded. Consequently, the final output image can be observed in displayer. System performance was evaluated by classification accuracy rate and real-time of recognition, and the results shows that the method proposed is reliable and effective.

Design and Implementation of PAL to LVDS Video Adapter Based on FPGA

In this paper, based on the FPGA and with a PAL decoder chip, LVDS coding chip and large capacity SRAM, the design and implementation of a PAL system for analog signals to the LVDS conversion of the video signal interface board. First of all, convert the analog signal of PAL to RGB565 digital video signal, and transform the interlaced scan into progressive scan. Then, through the frame rate conversion, resolution expansion etc. algorithm method to handle. Finally, to achieve the interlaced scanning, a resolution of 720×576, 25Hz PAL analog video signal, is converted to a progressive scan, a resolution of 1024×768, 60Hz LVDS video signal transmission. After the measurement, the resolution and frame rate of the video signal conversion interface board are all meet the design requirements. It has been verified the effectiveness of scheme.

Design and Implementation of the HD Video Signal Converter Based on FPGA

In this paper, based on the FPGA and with a video dedicated A / D converter chip, LVDS coding chip, the design and implementation of a SD(standard-definition) analog video signals to HD(high-definition) digital video signal converter. First, input SD analog video into digital video signals meet the ITU-BT656 standard. Then use the FPGA with the video processing chip and DDR do some corresponding processing to achieve high-definition digital video output. After the actual test, the converter output signal of the image quality is well, meets the design requirements, and to verify the effectiveness of the program.

Enabling High Grayscale Resolution Displays and Accurate Response Time Measurements on Conventional Computers

Display systems based on conventional computer graphics cards are capable of generating images with 8-bit gray level resolution. However, most experiments in vision research require displays with more than 12 bits of luminance resolution. Several solutions are available. Bit++ (1) and DataPixx (2) use the Digital Visual Interface (DVI) output from graphics cards and high resolution (14 or 16-bit) digital-to-analog converters to drive analog display devices. The VideoSwitcher (3) described here combines analog video signals from the red and blue channels of graphics cards with different weights using a passive resister network (4) and an active circuit to deliver identical video signals to the three channels of color monitors. The method provides an inexpensive way to enable high-resolution monochromatic displays using conventional graphics cards and analog monitors. It can also provide trigger signals that can be used to mark stimulus onsets, making it easy to synchronize visual displays with physiological recordings or response time measurements. Although computer keyboards and mice are frequently used in measuring response times (RT), the accuracy of these measurements is quite low. The RTbox is a specialized hardware and software solution for accurate RT measurements. Connected to the host computer through a USB connection, the driver of the RTbox is compatible with all conventional operating systems. It uses a microprocessor and high-resolution clock to record the identities and timing of button events, which are buffered until the host computer retrieves them. The recorded button events are not affected by potential timing uncertainties or biases associated with data transmission and processing in the host computer. The asynchronous storage greatly simplifies the design of user programs. Several methods are available to synchronize the clocks of the RTbox and the host computer. The RTbox can also receive external triggers and be used to measure RT with respect to external events. Both VideoSwitcher and RTbox are available for users to purchase. The relevant information and many demonstration programs can be found at http://lobes.usc.edu/.