Cases Of Anal Cancer Research Articles

こう門周囲ｐａｇｅｔｏｉｄ ｓｐｒｅａｄを伴ったこう門管癌の１例

こう門周囲ｐａｇｅｔｏｉｄ ｓｐｒｅａｄを伴ったこう門管癌の１例

こう囲にＰａｇｅｔ現象を伴うこう門管癌の１例

こう囲にＰａｇｅｔ現象を伴うこう門管癌の１例

Benign Anal Lesions and the Risk of Anal Cancer

Benign anal lesions are often considered to cause a predisposition to anal cancer. To reexamine this association, we linked national data on hospital discharge and cancer in Denmark. After making certain exclusions, we used the Danish Central Hospital Discharge Register to identify 68,549 patients hospitalized with benign anal lesions between 1977 and 1989. Through computerized linkage to the Danish Cancer Registry, all incident cases of epidermoid anal cancer and colorectal cancer among these patients were identified. Follow-up for the occurrence of cancer started the month after the date of the first hospital discharge and continued until the patient died (10.6 percent of the sample), emigrated (0.7 percent), or was lost to follow-up (0.04 percent) or until December 31, 1989 (88.6 percent), whichever came first. The median follow-up period was 6.2 years. There were 23 epidermoid anal cancers and 416 colorectal cancers. The overall relative risk of anal cancer (observed vs. expected cases) was 4.4 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.8 to 6.6). The relative risk was 12.0 (95 percent confidence interval, 5.2 to 23.6) within the first year after hospitalization for benign lesions, 4.6 (95 percent confidence interval, 2.3 to 8.3) from one to four years after hospitalization, and 1.8 (95 percent confidence interval, 0.5 to 4.7) five or more years after hospitalization. The risk of colorectal cancer was significantly increased only during the first year after hospitalization (relative risk, 2.6; 95 percent confidence interval, 2.1 to 3.1). There is a strong temporal association between the diagnosis of benign anal lesions and the diagnosis of anal cancer. Although we could not exclude the possibility of a moderate increase in the long-term risk of anal cancer, our data do not support the view that benign anal lesions cause anal cancer.

ANAL CANAL CANCER WITH PERIPROCTAL PAGET DISEASE

We experienced a case of anal canal cancer with periproctal Paget disease in which conservative treatment was effective. An 86-year-old man complining of anal bleeding was diagnosed as having an anal canal cancer by elsewhere, and was referred to the hospital. This case is essentially a possible canditate for abdominoperineal rectal resection, but conservative therapy was employed because of his advanced age and association of dementia. The patient was administered doxifluridine 800 mg orally for consecutive 4 weeks, was applied 5-FU ointment locally, and received radiation at a dose of 2Gy a day 20 times, totally 40Gy. Consecuently the anal canal cancer and Paget disease completely disappeared 4 weeks and remission of erosion around the anus was attained 8 weeks after the therapy. These findings indicate that we can choose more positively a combination of chemotherapy and radiation therapy which permits the anal function to be preserved in the treatment of anal canal cancer.

Anal cancer--current perspectives.

Anal cancer is uncommon accounting for only 2% of anorectal cancers. The recognition of many similarities between cervical and anal cancer has stimulated research into the identification of a common aetiological agent. DNA from human papillomaviruses has consistently been found in both of these cancers and is thought to be an important factor in the development of both of these tumours. Simultaneously, epidemiological data from the west coast of America have indicated that the demography of anal cancer may be changing. Further studies in the USA and the UK have identified certain groups at high risk of developing anal cancer. These high-risk groups include 'never married' men and immunosuppressed patients both from iatrogenic immunosuppression in transplant patients and those infected with HIV. The potential increase in anal cancer cases, due to the ever increasing numbers of patients who have received transplants and the spiralling number of the population infected with HIV make it timely to review what is known of the aetiology, presentation and management of this cancer.

Cigarette smoking and the risk of anogenital cancer.

The association between cigarette smoking and cervical cancer has been demonstrated in numerous prior studies. As part of population-based case-control studies of cancers of the vulva, vagina, cervix, anus, and penis in relation to infection with human papillomavirus, conducted in western Washington State and the province of British Columbia from the mid 1980s until the present time, the authors have collected detailed information on smoking history. The proportion of subjects who were current smokers of cigarettes ranged from slightly over 40% among incident cases of vaginal and cervical cancer to 60% among cases of vulvar and anal cancer. In contrast, only about 25% of controls were current smokers. The adjusted odds ratios (OR) associated with current smoking were substantially elevated (OR = 1.9-14.6) for all cancer sites except cancer of the vagina (OR = 1.3). The risks tended to increase in proportion to the number of cigarettes smoked. For most cancer sites, the odds ratios associated with former smoking were substantially less than those associated with current smoking and diminished with increasing time since cessation of smoking. The authors' data and those of other investigators suggest that cigarette smoking plays a role in the etiology of anogenital cancers and that smoking has a late-stage or promotional effect.

A case of anal canal cancer (endocrine cell carcinoma) with perianal Paget's disease

A case of anal canal cancer (endocrine cell carcinoma) with perianal Paget's disease

Anal Cancer Arising from an Anal Gland and Associated with Pagetoid Lesion of the Perianal Skin

A case with anal cancer arisisng from the anal gland and associated with Pagetoid lesion of the perianal skin is reported. A 49-year-old male visited our hospital because of his inguinal lymph node swelling. Slightly elevated reddish area .was noted around the anus. Digital examination revealed an. induration in the proctus. Biopsy samples showed that an anal adenocaricinoma had spread into the perianal skin forming Pagetoid lesion, and that it was associated with inguinal lymph node metastasis. Histolgical examination of the resected sample showed that the cancer was located in the submucosal layer of the proctus, and that many cancer cells were scattered within the epidermis of the perianal skin. Cancer cells of both the primary lesion and the Pagetoid lesion were positively stained for CEA, confirming the idea that the Pagetoid lesion was originated from the anal cancer. The present case is the sixth case of anal glandderived cancer. associated with perianal Pagetoid lesion in Japan.

Prognostic factors in anal squamous carcinoma: a multivariate analysis of clinical, pathological and flow cytometric parameters in 235 cases

Clinical, pathological and flow cytometric parameters have been analysed by univariate and multivariate analysis to define those parameters of important prognostic influence in 235 cases of surgically treated squamous carcinoma of the anus and perianal skin. Patients had been treated by anorectal excision (166 patients) or by local excision (69). Analyses were carried out on five data sets--the two surgical subgroups, two groups distinguished by site of tumour and on all 235 patients. Univariate analysis showed many parameters to be of prognostic influence, although histological typing of tumours into the more common histological subtypes was of no prognostic value. Parameters of independent prognostic significance in multivariate analysis were those indicating depth of spread, inguinal lymph node involvement and DNA-ploidy. In this study the subdivision of the rarer types of anal canal tumour, such as mucoepidermoid carcinoma, microcystic squamous carcinoma and small cell anaplastic carcinoma, was relevant confirming that these tumours have a poor prognosis. It is now felt that surgery should not be employed as primary treatment in most cases of anal cancer and the results of this study have to be interpreted with caution when applied to patients treated with radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy. Nevertheless, our findings suggest that the most useful prognostic information can be gleaned from accurate clinical staging and an assessment of DNA-ploidy status.

DNA hybridisation of routinely processed tissue for detecting HPV DNA in anal squamous cell carcinomas over 40 years.

To study possible changes in the incidence of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated anal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) a simple, rapid, and sensitive technique (alkaline hydrolysis) to permit DNA hybridisation from formalin fixed, paraffin wax embedded tissue was developed. The sensitivity and specificity of the technique were established by comparison with Southern blot analysis and in situ hybridisation on the same tissue specimens. Ninety tissue specimens in a single analysis were examined using this technique. Alkaline hydrolysis was applied to fixed tissue samples which showed a two-fold increase over the past 10 years in the percentage of anal cancers containing HPV type 16 DNA when compared with the previous 30 years using 207 cases of anal cancer collected over a 40 year period. This method has several advantages over the polymerase chain reaction as it is simple, relatively inexpensive, and may be widely applied to the detection and quantification of DNA sequences, including cellular oncogenes.

Action of curcuminoids on the hemolysis and lipid peroxidation of mouse erythrocytes induced by hydrogen peroxide

Cancers have been found to be the leading causes of death worldwide, with 8.2 million people dying in 2012 and approximately 14 million new cases reported. These cases are estimated to rise by about 70% over the next 2 decades. More than 60% of the world's new annual cancer cases occur in Africa, Asia, and Central and South America. The analysis, literature survey, and observed reports have indicated cancer is responsible for 70% of all deaths. In men, the 5 most common sites of cancer diagnosed in 2012 were lung, prostate, colorectal, stomach, and liver cancer while in women breast, colorectal, lung, cervix, and stomach cancer were more prevalent.Modern science is devoting resources to and acquiring knowledge of different types of cancer through high throughput advanced technology and by revisiting the hidden treasure of traditional medicine. In Asia, Zingiberaceous plants have been used since ancient times as spices and medicines in traditional Chinese and Indian medicine. Among the Zingiberaceae family, the genus Curcuma, with more than 30 species, has raised hopes for use in cancer therapy. The genus is predominantly found in Asia, and several species, particularly C. longa, C. aromatica, and C. xanthorrhiza, have been extensively used to treat ailments including indigestion, hepatitis, jaundice, diabetes, atherosclerosis, and bacterial infections.Curcuminoids, the principal bioactive component of Curcuma species, share a common unsaturated alkyl-linked two phenyl structural feature. Curcumin [diferuloylmethane, 1,7-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1,6-heptadiene-3, 5-dione], a broad-spectrum anticancer polyphenolic derivative extracted from the rhizome of C. longa L., is a nontoxic compound and has been classified as “generally recognized as safe” (GRAS) by the National Cancer Institute. Several studies in literature survey revealed anticancer properties of curcumin against prostate cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal carcinoma, leukemia, and human breast cancer cells. However, the clinical use of curcumin has been hampered by its poor solubility, absorption, bioavailability, and rapid metabolism. To overcome these limitations, various synthetic bioactive curcumin analogs were developed based on the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies. This chapter highlights the research-based importance of curcumin and its analogues. Based on the available data, the chapter summarizes the potential and future of curcumin in anticancer therapy.

Recurrent deletions of chromosomes 11q and 3p in anal canal carcinoma.

A cytogenetic study of 8 cases of anal canal cancer, including 1 cloacogenic and 7 squamous-cell carcinomas, was performed. All tumors exhibited chromosomal abnormalities. A rearrangement involving the long arm of chromosome 11 was seen in all instances, and, with the exception of the i (11q) found in one tumor, all the observed rearrangements resulted in a deletion of the distal segment. Rearrangements of chromosome 3, detected in 6 tumors, led to a deletion of the short arm in 5 cases. The association of these 2 deletions may characterize the anal canal carcinoma, the smallest common deleted segments being distal to 11q22 or q23 and 3p22.

CLINICAL ASPECT OF ANAL CANCER

During the 15 years from 1972 to 1986, 25 cases of anal cancer were treated in the First Department of Surgery, Osaka City University Medical School. These cancers accounted for 3.8 percent of all colorectal and anal cancers, and 6.3 percent of all rectal and anal cancers treated in our department during that period. Fourteen patients were males and eleven were females. The mean age was 57±3 (M±SE). Most of the patients had anal bleeding and anal pain with a relatively long duration of symptom. Three patients were complicated with anal fistula. Tumors were resected by the abdominoperineal method in 88.0 percent of all patients, and curative resections were performed for 64.0 percent of all patients. Anal cancers showed a variety of histlogical types: 14 adenocarcinomas, 7 mucinous carcinomas, 3 squamous cell carcinomas, and 1 adenosquamous carcinoma. Microscopic lymph node metastasis occurred in 31.8 percent of the patients whose tumors were resected. The cumulative 5-year survival rate was 41.6 percent overall and 49.3 percent for patients whose tumors were resected. It was 64.9 percent for patients curatively operated. Comparing the prognoses of anal cancers and rectal cancers treated in our department, anal cancers had worse prognoses than rectal cancers.