AN Group Research Articles

Taxa de fertilidade de novilhas de diferentes grupos genéticos com primeiro serviço aos 14 meses de idade

Foram avaliadas as taxas de reconcepção de 98 novilhas primíparas (34 Guzerá - G, 32, 1/2 Guzerá x 1/2 Nelore - GN e 32,1/2 Red Angus x 1/2 Nelore - AN) com 14 meses de idade e peso médio de aproximadamente 249,65kg, criadas em pastos de Brachiaria brizantha cv Marandu. Na segunda estação de monta (EM), foram utilizadas apenas as 36 primíparas gestantes na primeira EM (três G, nove GN e 24 AN), com média de idade de 26 meses e peso corporal de 313,67±25,01kg, 336,50±45,84kg e 399,86±44,45kg, respectivamente, para as fêmeas dos grupos G, GN e AN. O grupo AN apresentou ganho médio diário (GMD) de 0,30±0,06 (kg/dia) e maiores taxas (58,33) de reconcepção (P<0,05), comprovando que a heterose resultante do cruzamento entre raças distintas com maior distância genética (Bos taurus taurus x Bos taurus indicus) proporciona maior desempenho produtivo e reprodutivo.

A note on the maximal functions on weighted harmonic AN groups

In this paper, the authors point out that the methods used by Li (2004, 2005, 2007) can be applied to study maximal functions on weighted harmonic AN groups.

Does nephrectomy during radical adrenalectomy for stage II adrenocortical cancer affect patient outcome?

To evaluate if including nephrectomy in the standard surgical approach to stage II adrenocortical cancer (i.e., adrenalectomy) might modify oncologic outcome of patients. We performed a retrospective analysis involving 41 patients with stage II adrenocortical cancer (ACC) who had undergone radical surgery. Patients were divided into two groups according to the surgical procedure: group A = radical adrenalectomy alone, group AN = radical adrenalectomy + radical nephrectomy. Oncologic effectiveness of the procedures was tested comparing the recurrence-free and overall survival of patients of A vs AN groups. The group A consisted of 25 patients and group AN of 16 patients. No differences were noted between the two groups in terms of demographic data and ACC characteristics. During follow-up, 15/25 (60 %) patients of group A vs 14/16 (87.5 %) patients of group AN experienced a recurrence, after a median of 36 months in group A and 10 months in group AN (p = 0.06); a significant impairment of renal function was recorded in patients of AN group with respect to those of group A. Finally, 13/25 (52 %) patients of group A and 10/16 (62.5 %) patients of group AN died due to ACC-related causes. No differences in survival times were noted (p = 0.3). Our study suggests that adjunctive nephrectomy does not modify the oncologic results of adrenalectomy in the treatment of stage II ACC in terms of recurrence-free and overall survival. Thus, when there are no signs of ACC local invasion, surgeon should make every effort to preserve the kidney.

Effect of thymosin α₁ on the phenotypic and functional maturation of dendritic cells from children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

To determine the effect of thymosin α1 (Tα1) on the phenotypic and functional maturation of HL‑60 cells, freeze‑thaw antigen‑loaded dendritic cells (DCs) were derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The DCs were generated from the PBMC samples that were collected from the PB of 10 consecutive ALL children. On day 3 of culturing, the cells in the antigen + no Tα1 (AN) and antigen + Tα1 (AT) groups were incubated with 100 µl lysates obtained from freeze‑thaw cycling. After 5 days of incubation, the AT group was administered with 100 ng/ml Tα1. On day 8, the DCs were stained with fluorescein isothiocyanate‑conjugated cluster of differentiation (CD)1a, CD83 and HLA‑DR antibodies and analyzed by flow cytometry. In addition, the killing activity of cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) from the different groups on wild‑type leukemia cells was measured. The DCs in the AT group exhibited more apparent, characteristic dendritic morphologies than the control and AN group DCs. Furthermore, the lowest expression level of CD1a, and the highest expression of CD83 and HLA‑DR were observed in the AT group when compared with the AN and control groups (P<0.05). The lactate dehydrogenase release assay demonstrated that the killing rate of CTL in the AT group was significantly higher than that in the control and AN groups (P<0.01). Thus, Tα1 may markedly promote the phenotypic and functional maturation of DCs, and may serve as a suitable immunomodulator of DC‑based immunotherapy for treatment of hematological malignancies.

Allograft Nephrectomy: A Single-Institution, 10-Year Experience

IntroductionAllograft nephrectomy (AN) is associated with a high number of surgical complications. Some authors advocate that early nephrectomy (<1 year) is associated with fewer complications. Intracapsular (ICAN) and extracapsular AN (ECAN) might have a different impact on allosensitization and surgical outcomes. Our goal was to compare surgical outcomes between early and late AN in our institution and to compare ICAN and ECAN in terms of surgical outcomes and panel reactive antibodies (PRA) variation. Materials and MethodsBetween January 2000 and October 2012, we performed 104 AN at our institution (32 early and 72 late). Comparisons between early and late AN, and, within the latter, between the 2 different techniques were sought. Statistical analysis was performed for sample description, group comparison and %PRA variation. ResultsAmong the 104 patients with a mean age of 47.9 ± 14.2 years, 54 were men. Age, gender, body mass index, and number of previous transplants were similar between early and late AN and between ICAN and ECAN patients. Late AN was associated with less blood loss (293.4 ± 229.0 vs 414.3 ± 349.5 mL; P = .03), shorter hospital stay (12.8 ± 14.5 vs 26.8 ± 26.5; P < .05), and fewer complications (22.2% vs 59.3%; P < .05). The chance of being relisted for transplantation was similar (50.0% in early vs 59.7% in late AN; P = .7). When comparing ICAN and ECAN, there was no difference in surgical outcomes. The %PRA variation between the 2 techniques was comparable (−1.2 ± 10.6 ICAN vs −0.5 ± 15.9 ECAN; P = .8), as was the chance of being relisted for transplantation (60.5% ICAN vs 58.6% ECAN; P = .8). ConclusionsEarly AN was associated with a greater number of surgical complications. Nevertheless, the number of AN patients returning to the active waiting list was similar between early and late AN groups. ICAN and ECAN had similar surgical and postoperative outcomes, although a bias may be present because some conversions from ECAN to ICAN occurred owing to technical issues. As in other studies, ICAN did not seem to affect allosensitization or jeopardize the chance of being relisted for transplant when compared with ECAN.

Bone formation around rhBMP-2-coated implants in rabbit sinuses with or without absorbable collagen sponge grafting

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate bone formation around recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein (rhBMP-2)-coated implants placed with or without absorbable collagen sponge (ACS) in rabbit maxillary sinuses.MethodsThe Schneiderian membrane was elevated and an implant was placed in 24 sinuses in 12 rabbits. The space created beneath the elevated membrane was filled with either blood (n=6) or ACS (n=6). In the rabbits in which this space was filled with blood, rhBMP-2-coated and non-coated implants were alternately placed on different sides. The resulting groups were referred to as the BC and BN groups, respectively. The AC and AN groups were produced in ACS-grafted rabbits in the same manner. Radiographic and histomorphometric analyses were performed after eight weeks of healing.ResultsIn micro-computed tomography analysis, the total augmented volume and new bone volume were significantly greater in the ACS-grafted sinuses than in the blood-filled sinuses (P<0.05). The histometric analysis showed that the areas of new bone and bone-to-implant contact were significantly larger in the AC group than in the AN group (P<0.05). In contrast, none of the parameters differed significantly between the BC and BN groups.ConclusionsThe results of this pilot study indicate that the insertion of ACS after elevating the Schneiderian membrane, simultaneously with implant placement, can significantly increase the volume of the augmentation. However, in the present study, the rhBMP-2 coating exhibited limited effectiveness in enhancing the quantity and quality of regenerated bone.

The impact of induced positive mood on symptomatic behaviour in eating disorders. An experimental, AB/BA crossover design testing a multimodal presentation during a test-meal

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the impact of a multimodal positive mood vodcast including pleasant images, background uplifting music and a script designed to elicit positive mood on eating disorders-related symptoms in participants suffering from an Eating Disorder (ED) and healthy controls (HCs). Method: Forty-two women with an ED (Anorexia Nervosa [AN]: N = 19; Bulimia Nervosa [BN]: N = 23) and 36 HCs were included in an AB/BA cross-over design which compared the use of a positive mood induction procedure (“positive mood vodcast”) with a control condition (i.e. blue static background, neutral music, and script describing objective facts) during a test-meal. Self-report measures and behavioural tasks were completed before and after the test-meal. Results: The positive mood vodcast was associated with greater consumption of the test meal in the AN group; reduced vigilance to food stimuli and lower anxiety in the BN sample; and no significant changes in the HC group. Discussion: The use of a positive mood vodcast was associated with some beneficial effects in the context of an experimental test-meal in participants with an ED.

Prognostic significance of failure of the initial antiepileptic drug in children with benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes

Benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes is the most common partial epilepsy syndrome in children. The long-term prognosis for children with BECTS is believed to be generally excellent with seizures usually responding well to AEDs. The goal of the present study was to determine the risk factors associated with a poor prognosis. Eighty-four children with BECTS were retrospectively analyzed. Fifty-four (64.3%) were boys and 30 (35.7%) were girls with the mean age at seizure onset 7.1 ± 2.01 years (range: 3-12 years). Of the 84 patients, 72 (85.7%) were treated successfully with the first AED (Group A), and 12 (14.3%) failed to responded to the initial AED treatment (Group B [poor prognosis]). Univariate analyses suggested that younger age of seizure onset, presence of generalized seizures, and frequent seizures (>3 prior to the initial treatment) were associated with failure to control seizures with the initial AED. Multivariate analysis suggested that younger age of seizure onset was the independent risk factor predicting a poor response to initial AED treatment. About 14% of our cohort of children with BECTS continued to have seizures following the initial AED treatment. Further prospective studies are warranted to determine how well prognosis can be predicted by age of seizure onset, type of seizures, and frequency of pre-existing seizures in children with BECTS.

Identification and Characterization of the MicroRNA Profile in Aging Rats with Erectile Dysfunction

Aging-related erectile dysfunction (A-ED) is a neurovascular and refractory disorder with complicated pathophysiological mechanisms and a high prevalence. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), which modulate a variety of cell functions, may be involved in the pathophysiological processes of this disorder. To investigate the miRNA profile in the corpus cavernosum (CC) of aging rats with ED, and to analyze the target genes and signaling pathways regulated by the dysregulated miRNAs. According to the apomorphine test, the experimental animals were divided into three groups: aging rats with ED (group AE), aging rats with normal erectile function (group AN), and young rats as normal controls (group YN). After the erectile functional test, CCs from each group were then collected for histological and molecular measurements. Intracavernous pressure response to electric stimulation of the cavernous nerve was used to evaluate erectile function. Histological changes within CC were evaluated using immunofluorescent staining. GeneChip array was used to analyze the miRNA expression profiling. The miRNA profilings were further validated by real-time polymerase chain reaction. The TargetScan or DAIAN web platform and DAVID were used for bioinformatic analysis. Accompanied with significantly decreased erectile function, the content of smooth muscle and endothelium within the CC of rats with A-ED was significantly decreased compared with both AN group and YN group. miR-1, miR-200a, miR-203, and miR-206 were found and validated up-regulating with above twofold change in AE group. According to the bioinformatics analysis, the four up-expressing miRNAs could regulate eNOS/NO/PKG and PGE1/PKA pathways through regulating 13 target genes. Four miRNAs were found up-regulated significantly in the CC of rats with A-ED. The four miRNAs might play important roles in the development of A-ED by regulating the eNOS/NO/PKG and PGE1/PKA pathways despite lots of experiments still need to be validated.

Difficulties in emotion regulation across the spectrum of eating disorders

Theoretical models consider difficulties in emotion regulation (ER) as central trans-diagnostic phenomena across the spectrum of eating disorders (ED). However, there is a lack of studies directly comparing ED subtypes regarding ER problems. Furthermore, patients with anorexia nervosa-restricting type (AN-R) and patients with AN-binge/purge type (AN-BP) have usually been merged into one overall AN group in previous research on ER. In order to overcome these limitations of previous studies, the present study investigated specific ER difficulties in 120 patients with different ED subtypes, including AN-R, AN-BP, bulimia nervosa (BN), and binge-eating disorder (BED). As compared to 60 healthy normal-weight controls (NWC) and 29 healthy over-weight controls (OWC), all ED subtypes reported greater difficulties in ER. ED subtypes did not differ regarding most domains of ER except BED showing less severe ER difficulties in some domains. In addition, AN-BP but not BN reported greater impulse control difficulties than AN-R and BED. The findings underscore the relevance of ER difficulties in ED and support the trans-diagnostic view of ER difficulties being present across the whole spectrum of ED. In addition, the present results suggest that certain domains of ER may be linked more closely to certain ED subtypes than to others.

Quality of life in anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa and eating disorder not-otherwise-specified.

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess differences in Quality of Life (QoL) across eating disorder (ED) diagnoses, and to examine the relationship of QoL to specific clinical features.Results199 patients with a diagnosed ED completed the Clinical Impairment Assessment (CIA) [Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Eating Disorders, 315–318, 2008] and the Eating Disorders Examination (EDE) [Int J Eat Disord 6:1–8]. Differences between diagnostic groups were examined, as were differences between restrictive and binge-purge subtypes.CIA scores and EDE scores were positively correlated and higher in groups with binge-purge behaviours. CIA scores were not correlated with BMI, illness duration or frequency of bingeing/purging behaviours, except in the binge-purge AN group, where CIA scores negatively correlated with BMI.ConclusionsPatients with EDs have poor QoL and impairment increases with illness severity. Patients with binge/purge diagnoses are particularly impaired. It remains unclear which clinical features best predict the degree of impairment experienced by patients with EDs.

Typical and atypical anorexia nervosa in a Japanese sample

We examined the existence of nonfat-phobic anorexia nervosa (NFP-AN) and fat-phobic AN, with no evidence of distortions related to body shape and weight (AN-NED), in a Japanese sample and studied eating disorder pathology and psychopathology in NFP-AN and AN-NED. The study participants were 200 (52.2%) women with typical AN, 86 (22.5%) women with NFP-AN, and 97 (25.3%) women with AN-NED. Diagnosis of the three types of AN was made by structured clinical interviews. The Eating Attitudes Test (EAT) and the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI) were administered to all the participants. There were significant differences among the three groups in terms of duration of illness, maximum and minimum BMIs and AN subtypes. There was no transition from the NFP-AN and AN-NED groups to the typical AN group during the 2- to 7-year follow-up period. There were significant differences among the three groups in scores of the EAT, the EDI total, and all the subscales of the EDI. Besides typical AN, there were two types of atypical AN in terms of fat phobia and body image disturbance in this Japanese sample. The findings of the current study suggest that there may be significant differences among the three groups in terms of eating disorder pathology and psychopathology.

159 New epidemiological evidence on the human carcinogenic potential of acrylonitrile exposure

ObjectivesAcrylonitrile (AN) is an industrial chemical used in the production of fibres, plastics, synthetic rubbers, resins and pharmaceuticals. AN has been studied extensively in exposed workers and experimental animals, yet...

Interferência da L-arginina e do exercício físico sobre a morfologia do músculo estriado esquelético em ratos jovens

INTRODUÇÃO: O exercício físico pode promover alterações anatomofisiológicas no músculo estriado esquelético e a ingestão do aminoácido L-arginina pode influenciar na morfometria da fibra muscular esquelética. OBJETIVO: Analisar a influência da L-arginina associada ao exercício físico sobre a fibra muscular esquelética. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 24 ratos da linhagem Wistar. Aos sete dias de vida, esses animais foram divididos em dois grupos: tratados com L-arginina (grupo-Ar; 300 mg/kg/dia) e tratados com volume equivalente do veículo - água destilada (grupo-Ag; controle). A L-arginina ou a água foi administrada diariamente por gavagem. Aos 15 dias de idade, os animais dos grupos Ar e Ag foram subdivididos de acordo com a condição de exercício físico a que foram submetidos: exercitados em esteira (grupo E) e não exercitado (grupo N). O exercício foi realizado em esteira (ET 2000 Insight) cinco dias por semana com duração diária de 30 minutos. Os grupos foram assim distribuídos (n = 6): AgN, AgE, ArN e ArE. Ao atingirem a idade de 35-45 dias de vida, os animais foram pesados, sacrificados e retidado o músculo gastrocnêmio. Este foi medido, pesado e processado para análise histológica. As imagens do músculo foram capturadas na objetiva de 100x para cálculo do diâmetro médio da fibra muscular. Os dados foram expressos na forma de média ± desvio padrão, analisados através do programa SPSS. Foram utilizados os testes de Shapiro-Wilk, ANOVA one way e teste de Tukey (p &lt; 0,05). RESULTADOS: Não houve diferença entre os grupos, quanto ao peso corporal do animal e ao peso do músculo gastrocnêmio. No entanto, o grupo ArN apresentou diâmetro médio maior significativamente quando comparado aos dos demais grupos. CONCLUSÃO: Isto sugere que a L-arginina, em animais que não realizaram o exercício físico, promove hipertrofia muscular, enquanto que o exercício realizado não foi capaz de promover aumento do diâmetro da fibra muscular.

Doppler study and evidences of perfusion changes in the ophthalmic artery of pregnant smokers

Objectives: To compare the ophthalmic artery (OA) perfusion of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by Doppler indexes. Correlate these with the interval of last cigarette, cigarettes per day, years smoking and carbon monoxide expired (COex).Method: Transversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers divided into 33 pregnant who smoked until 2 h: A group (AG) and B group (BG): 37, who smoked between 2 and 24 h before test. Control group (CG) was composed of 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Doppler indexes were assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). Groups were compared using ANOVA, Kruskal–Wallis test, Student’s t test, Mann–Whitney and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, whereas p < 0.05.Results: RI and PI were higher (p < 0.01) and PSV and EDV were lower (p < 0.05) in B group compared to other groups. A group presented higher PR (p < 0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking, cigarettes per day, COex greater than BG and lower interval of last cigarette than BG.Conclusions: The OA in pregnant smokers shows a biphasic pattern of perfusion correlated with the time of consumption of the last cigarette. There are signs of vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 and hyperperfusion in A Group compared to B Group.

Are There Orbital Perfusion Changes in Pregnant Women After Cigarettes Consumption? Ophthalmic Artery Doppler Study

Brief Description of the Purpose of the StudyTo compare orbital perfusion of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by ophthalmic artery (OA) Doppler . Correlate these with the interval of last cigarette, cigarettes per day, years smoking carbon monoxide expired (COex).MethodsTransversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers subdivided: 33 who smoked until two hours: A group (AG), B group (BG): 37 who smoked between 2 to 24 hours before test. Control group (CG) : 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Indexes assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). Statistic analysis: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, p < 0.05.Main ResultsRI and PI were higher (p < 0.01, PSV and EDV were lower (p < 0.05) in B group compared to other groups. A group presented higher PR (p < 0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking , cigarettes per day, COex greater than BG and lower interval of last cigarette than BG.Importance of the ConclusionsThere are changes in vascular orbital pregnant smokers demonstrated by ophthalmic artery Doppler biphasic pattern correlated with the time of the last cigarette consumption. It is observed signs of vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 hours and hyperperfusion to acute exposure. Brief Description of the Purpose of the StudyTo compare orbital perfusion of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by ophthalmic artery (OA) Doppler . Correlate these with the interval of last cigarette, cigarettes per day, years smoking carbon monoxide expired (COex). To compare orbital perfusion of pregnant smokers and nonsmokers by ophthalmic artery (OA) Doppler . Correlate these with the interval of last cigarette, cigarettes per day, years smoking carbon monoxide expired (COex). MethodsTransversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers subdivided: 33 who smoked until two hours: A group (AG), B group (BG): 37 who smoked between 2 to 24 hours before test. Control group (CG) : 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Indexes assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). Statistic analysis: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, p < 0.05. Transversal study involving 70 pregnant smokers subdivided: 33 who smoked until two hours: A group (AG), B group (BG): 37 who smoked between 2 to 24 hours before test. Control group (CG) : 51 pregnant nonsmokers. Indexes assessed: PSV (Peak Systolic Velocity), EDV (End Diastolic Velocity), PI (Pulsatility Index), RI (Resistance Index) and PR (Peak Ratio). Statistic analysis: ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, Student's t test, Mann-Whitney and Pearson’s correlation coefficient, p < 0.05. Main ResultsRI and PI were higher (p < 0.01, PSV and EDV were lower (p < 0.05) in B group compared to other groups. A group presented higher PR (p < 0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking , cigarettes per day, COex greater than BG and lower interval of last cigarette than BG. RI and PI were higher (p < 0.01, PSV and EDV were lower (p < 0.05) in B group compared to other groups. A group presented higher PR (p < 0.01) compared to control. AG presented years of smoking , cigarettes per day, COex greater than BG and lower interval of last cigarette than BG. Importance of the ConclusionsThere are changes in vascular orbital pregnant smokers demonstrated by ophthalmic artery Doppler biphasic pattern correlated with the time of the last cigarette consumption. It is observed signs of vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 hours and hyperperfusion to acute exposure. There are changes in vascular orbital pregnant smokers demonstrated by ophthalmic artery Doppler biphasic pattern correlated with the time of the last cigarette consumption. It is observed signs of vasoconstriction and hypoperfusion to tobacco exposure between 2 and 24 hours and hyperperfusion to acute exposure.

A longitudinal investigation of nutrition and dietary patterns in children of mothers with eating disorders.

To investigate dietary patterns and nutritional intake in children of mothers with eating disorders. Mothers (N = 9423) from a longitudinal general population birth cohort study, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, completed Food Frequency Questionnaires on their children at 3, 4, 7, and 9 years of age. Macronutrient intake was estimated, and dietary patterns were obtained using principal components analysis. Linear regression and mixed-effects models were used to assess dietary patterns and nutritional intake among children of women with lifetime anorexia nervosa (AN, n = 140), bulimia nervosa (BN, n = 170), or AN+BN (n = 71), compared with children of women without eating disorders (unexposed women, n = 9037). Children in the maternal AN and BN groups had higher scores on the "health conscious/vegetarian" dietary pattern compared with unexposed children. Less adherence to the "traditional" dietary pattern was observed in children of exposed mothers, with more pronounced differences in early childhood. Children of women with AN and BN had higher intake of energy and children of women with BN had higher intake of carbohydrates and starch and lower intake of fat, compared with children in the unexposed group. Maternal eating disorders are associated with altered offspring dietary patterns and macronutrient intake. Longitudinal changes in patterns of diet in children of women with eating disorders may increase the risk of weight gain or disordered eating later in life.

The role of adiponectin multimers in anorexia nervosa

ObjectiveAnorexia nervosa (AN) continues to be a refractory disease because of its unknown pathogenesis. The role of adiponectin in AN has not been clarified. Moreover, few reports have described the relations between adiponectin isoforms and AN in the physical and psychological states. Therefore, we measured plasma adiponectin and its isoforms levels in patients with AN to examine their roles in AN. MethodsEighteen women participated in this study: nine patients with AN and nine age-matched healthy controls. We examined plasma adiponectin and its isoforms levels in all subjects and administered three types of psychological test to patients with AN: the Eating Disorders Inventory–2, the Maudsley Obsessional–Compulsive Inventory, and the Beck Depression Inventory–2. ResultsWe found that the percentage of high-molecular-weight (HMW) to total adiponectin (%HMW) was significantly low and the percentage of low-molecular-weight (LMW) to total adiponectin (%LMW) was significantly high in the AN group compared with the control group. The %HMW positively and the %LMW negatively correlated with body mass index in the entire study population. The %HMW was also positively correlated with psychological symptoms such as social insecurity or cleaning evaluated with the Eating Disorders Inventory–2 or the Maudsley Obsessional–Compulsive Inventory. ConclusionsOur study indicates that all adiponectin isoforms should be evaluated in patients with AN in addition to total adiponectin. The decreased %HMW and the increased %LMW that were correlated with the body mass index and some components of psychopathology in our patients may indicate a complex role of adiponectin isoforms in maintaining energy homeostasis and emotion during extreme malnourishment.

Triiodothyronine (T3) and metabolic rate in adolescents with eating disorders: Is there a correlation?

To examine the correlation between T3 and resting energy expenditure (REE) in adolescent patients with eating disorders (ED) to assess whether T3 can be used to predict metabolic rate suppression and recovery. A retrospective chart review was performed on patients with ED (Anorexia Nervosa [AN], Bulimia Nervosa [BN], and Eating Disorder NOS [EDNOS]), aged 11-22 years, who had T3 and REE measured within 1 month (N=38 AN, 32 BN/EDNOS). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry (IC) and represented as the percentage of expected REE (%EREE) predicted by the Harris-Benedict equation. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to examine the relationship between T3 and %EREE and how each correlates with anthropometric data, laboratory values, and diagnosis. T3 was significantly correlated with %EREE in the AN group but not in the total population or BN/EDNOS group. In the total study population, T3 alone correlated significantly with weight, Body Mass Index (BMI), BMI percentile, %Ideal Body Weight (%IBW), %Maximum Weight Lost (%MWL), LH, and estradiol. In the AN group, T3 and %EREE both correlated with BMI, BMI percentile, LH, and estradiol; however, only T3 correlated with %IBW and %MWL. In the BN/EDNOS group, T3 correlated with BMI, BMI percentile, %IBW, and estradiol while %EREE correlated with none. In patients with AN, T3 correlated significantly with markers of malnutrition and %EREE and may serve as a surrogate measure when IC is unavailable. Following T3 during treatment of AN may assist clinicians in assessing metabolic suppression and recovery and help guide caloric prescriptions and goal weights.

Central Coherence in Full Recovery of Anorexia Nervosa

This study examined central coherence as a possible endophenotype in a large sample of women recovered from anorexia nervosa (rec AN). Recovery was defined by considering physiological, behavioural and psychological variables. A total of 100 rec AN women and 100 healthy women completed the Rey Complex Figure Test, a measure for visual-spatial central coherence. The participants were matched 1:1 for age and educational level. Compared with the healthy control group, the rec AN group showed better accuracy in the copy condition. There was a trend for a local strategy in the rec AN group compared with a global strategy in the healthy control group. This sample of rec AN women showed no inefficiencies in global processing but a superior local processing after full recovery from AN.