Amylase Production Research Articles

Enzymase Activity of Gut Microbes Isolated from the Rugose Spiraling Whitefly Aleurodicus rugioperculatus

This study investigated the enzymatic diversity among various bacterial isolates of Rugose Spiraling Whitefly (Aleurodicus rugioperculatus), shedding light on their potential industrial applications. Notably, Bacillus cereus (MRSW01) exhibited remarkable amylase and lipase activities, aligning with its reputation as a prominent amylase producer. These enzymes are crucial in the food industry, particularly in starch and lipid degradation processes. Pseudomonas helleri (CHRSW028) demonstrated substantial cellulase activity, essential for breaking down cellulose in plant materials, suggesting its relevance in biofuel production and waste management. Pseudomonas psychrophila (CRSW024) stood out with the highest pectinase and significant lipase activities, both of which find applications in the food and textile industries and the hydrolysis of fats and oils, respectively. Proteus vulgaris strains MRSW05 and CHRSW02 displayed significant amylase, cellulase, and protease activities, making them versatile candidates for various industrial applications, including detergent formulations and bioremediation processes. Conversely, Hafnia paralvei exhibited comparatively lower enzymatic activities, indicating limited industrial potential. The rich enzymatic diversity within these bacterial isolates and highlight their potential contributions to various industrial sectors, ranging from food and textiles to biofuel production and waste management. Such insights can inform the development of biotechnological applications and processes, ultimately benefitting both industrial and environmental domains.

Characterization of an α-Amylase from the Honeybee Chalk Brood Pathogen Ascosphaera apis.

The insect pathogenic fungus, Ascosphaera apis, is the causative agent of honeybee chalk brood disease. Amylases are secreted by many plant pathogenic fungi to access host nutrients through the metabolism of starch, and the identification of new amylases can have important biotechnological applications. Production of amylase by A. apis in submerged culture was optimized using the response surface method (RSM). Media composition was modeled using Box-Behnken design (BBD) at three levels of three variables, and the model was experimentally validated to predict amylase activity (R2 = 0.9528). Amylase activity was highest (45.28 ± 1.16 U/mL, mean ± SE) in media composed of 46 g/L maltose and1.51 g/L CaCl2 at a pH of 6.6, where total activity was ~11-fold greater as compared to standard basal media. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity with a 2.5% yield and 14-fold purification. The purified enzyme had a molecular weight of 75 kDa and was thermostable and active in a broad pH range (> 80% activity at a pH range of 7-10), with optimal activity at 55 °C and pH = 7.5. Kinetic analyses revealed a Km of 6.22 mmol/L and a Vmax of 4.21 μmol/mL·min using soluble starch as the substrate. Activity was significantly stimulated by Fe2+ and completely inhibited by Cu2+, Mn2+, and Ba2+ (10 mM). Ethanol and chloroform (10% v/v) also caused significant levels of inhibition. The purified amylase essentially exhibited activity only on hydrolyzed soluble starch, producing mainly glucose and maltose, indicating that it is an endo-amylase (α-amylase). Amylase activity peaked at 99.38 U/mL fermented in a 3.7 L-bioreactor (2.15-fold greater than what was observed in flask cultures). These data provide a strategy for optimizing the production of enzymes from fungi and provide insight into the α-amylase of A. apis.

Novel bacterial isolates for amylase production, characterization and application on textile using saffron natural dye

Novel bacterial isolates for amylase production, characterization and application on textile using saffron natural dye

Physiological ER stress caused by amylase production induces regulated Ire1-dependent mRNA decay in Aspergillus oryzae

Regulated Ire1-dependent decay (RIDD) is a feedback mechanism in which the endoribonuclease Ire1 cleaves endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized mRNAs encoding secretory and membrane proteins in eukaryotic cells under ER stress. RIDD is artificially induced by chemicals that generate ER stress; however, its importance under physiological conditions remains unclear. Here, we demonstrate the occurrence of RIDD in filamentous fungus using Aspergillus oryzae as a model, which secretes copious amounts of amylases. α-Amylase mRNA was rapidly degraded by IreA, an Ire1 ortholog, depending on its ER-associated translation when mycelia were treated with dithiothreitol, an ER-stress inducer. The mRNA encoding maltose permease MalP, a prerequisite for the induction of amylolytic genes, was also identified as an RIDD target. Importantly, RIDD of malP mRNA is triggered by inducing amylase production without any artificial ER stress inducer. Our data provide the evidence that RIDD occurs in eukaryotic microorganisms under physiological ER stress.

Production, characterization, and bio-ethanologenic potential of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase from Priestia flexa UCCM 00132

The biological conversion of agro-waste biomass into value-added metabolites is one of the trendy biotechnological research areas in recent times. One of the major drawbacks of the bioprocess is the saccharification potential of the amylolytic enzyme that releases reducing sugar from complex biomass to serve as substrate for fermentation. The present study reports the production of a novel tripartite raw starch-digesting amylase (RSDA) by an indigenous Priestia flexa strain with α-, β-, and gluco-amylolytic activities and its potential for bioethanol production. Response surface statistics was employed to develop a suitable medium for improved production of the tripartite enzyme by submerged fermentation. The bioprocess selected raw starch (4.36%) Ca2+(2.71 g/L) and Zn2+ (0.0177 g/L) as significant variables which demonstrated a total RSDA activity of 7208.23 U/mL in a 5-L batch bioreactor. SDS/Native-PAGE determined the molecular weights of the 27-fold purified product as 25.2 kDa, 57.3 kDa, and 90.1 kDa for α-, β-, and gluco-amylases, respectively. Optimum temperature and pH for enzyme activity were respectively broad at 30–70 °C and 4–11. The enzyme mixture demonstrated digestibility above 90% against a variety of raw starches and simultaneous fermentation of digestate with Saccharomyces cerevisiae generated 71.69 g/L of bioethanol within 24 h suggesting great potential for bioethanologenesis.

Isolation of Amylase Producing Bacteria From Soil of Peshawar Region and its Biochemical Characterization

Amylases are a class of biocatalyst enzymes that may break down the amylase biomass that is produced by many different microorganisms, such as fungi and bacteria, and is found in the natural environment. The generation of amylase by an isolated amylase-producing microbe is the focus of the current study. Three soil samples from various locations in the Peshawar region were taken in order to isolate the strain that produces amylase. Using iodine solution and activity zone approaches, all isolated colonies were tested. Only three bacterial colonies out of 16 strains produced amylase in a favourable manner. Tests using morphological and biochemical analysis were then used to characterize these bacterial isolates, which were given the names MB7, MD2, and MD4.

Enzymatic potential of endophytic fungi: xylanase production by Colletotrichum boninense from sugarcane biomass.

Endophytic fungi constitute a major part of the still unexplored fungal diversity and have gained interest as new biological sources of natural active compounds, including enzymes. Endophytic fungi were isolated from soybean leaves and initially screened on agar plates for the production of CMCase (carboxymethylcellulase), xylanase, amylase and protease. The highest Enzymatic Indexes (IE) were verified for xylanase (2.14 and 1.31) with the fungi M6-A6P5F2 and M12-A5P3F1.2 and CMCase (1.92 and 1.62) with the fungi M13-A9P2F1 and M12-A5P3F1.2, respectively. The production of xylanase and CMCase by the selected fungi was evaluated in submerged cultivation using beechwood xylan and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), as well as sugarcane straw and bagasse in different ratios as carbon sources. Both types of lignocellulosic biomass proved to be good inducers of enzymatic activity. The best xylanase producer among the isolates was identified as Colletotrichum boninense. With this fungus, the highest xylanase activity was obtained with a sugarcane straw-bagasse mixture in a 50:50 ratio (383.63 U mL-1), a result superior to that obtained with the use of beechwood xylan (296.65 U mL-1). Regardingthe kinetic behavior of the crude xylanase, there was found optimal pH of 5.0 and optimal temperatures of 50°C and 60°C. At 40°C and 50°C, xylanase retained 87% and 76% of its initial catalytic activity, respectively. These results bring new perspectives on bioprospecting endophytic fungi for the production of enzymes, mainly xylanase, as well as the exploitation of agro-industrial by-products, such as sugarcane straw and bagasse.

Plant Growth Promoting Efficacy of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Terrestrial Plants of North India

Enhanced crop health, which is crucial for sustainable agriculture, is facilitated by a unique endophyte or endophytic community that is frequently linked to a variety of crops. Plant growth-promoting (PGP) characteristics of endophytes can directly or indirectly boost crop growth. Endophytic fungi have been proven to create a high percentage of new compounds, making them a particularly potential source of physiologically active chemicals. In this study, we have isolated two endophytic isolates, i.e., Paecilomyces sp. (Isolate AT1) and Aspergillus flavus (Isolate AT3), from different host plants, namely Melaleuca citrine and Carica papaya. These endophytes have shown significant plant growth-promoting potential toward different assays such as IAA production, phosphate solubilization, amylase production, cellulose-degrading assay, and ammonia production. These endophytic fungi also exhibit visible antimicrobial action towards selected crop pathogenic fungi (Aspergillus sp. and Penicillium sp.). Additionally, these fungal strains are reported for the first time from these plants, as we have found no reports in the literature. The research aims to explore the growth-promoting efficacy of endophytic fungi to boost plant growth.

Exploring microbial diversity in hot springs of Surajkund, India through 16S rRNA analysis and thermozyme characterization from endogenous isolates

Hot springs are a valuable source of biologically significant chemicals due to their high microbial diversity. To investigate the possibilities for industrial uses of these bacteria, researchers collected water and sediment samples from variety of hot springs. Our investigation employed both culture-dependent and culture-independent techniques, including 16S-based marker gene analysis of the microbiota from the hot springs of Surajkund, Jharkhand. In addition, we cultivated thermophilic isolates and screened for their ability to produce amylase, xylanase, and cellulase. After the optimized production of amylase the enzyme was partially purified and characterized using UPLC, DLS-ZP, and TGA. The retention time for the amylase was observed to be around 0.5 min. We confirmed the stability of the amylase at higher temperatures through observation of a steady thermo gravimetric profile at 400 °C. One of the thermophilic isolates obtained from the kund, demonstrated the potential to degrade lignocellulosic agricultural waste.

Unlocking the potential of rhizobacteria in Moroccan vineyard soils: Biocontrol of grapevine trunk diseases and plant growth promotion

Rhizospheric bacteria isolated from the root system of Vitis vinifera plants in Morocco were evaluated for their activities against fungi associated with grapevine trunk diseases namely Diplodia mutila, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Trichothecium roseum, and Neopestalotiopsis vitis. Those pathogens cause grapevine decline and impede growth and are known as the greatest threat to production worldwide. Among a collection of 196 rhizobacteria, twenty-four isolates exhibited potential antifungal activity against all the tested fungal pathogens. Based on the partial 16S rDNA genes, different genera were identified namely Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Ensifer, and Brucella. In particular, Bacillus halotolerans (JFM-64 and JMS-14), Pseudomonas koreensis (JRSK-45), and Ensifer adhaerens (JRSK-84) were found to be the most effective strains. Furthermore, the potential of bacterial isolates to promote plant growth was assessed. The funding revealed that of twenty-four antagonist rhizobacteria, seventeen displayed protease and chitinase production, while fifteen, thirteen, and twelve bacteria demonstrated the production of amylase, cellulase, and pectinase respectively. Furthermore, thirteen bacterial isolates produced hydrocyanic acid (HCN), sixteen isolates harbor the ability to solubilize tricalcium phosphate and seventeen were able to produce siderophores and indole acetic acid (IAA). The results of the current study showed that the most effective bacterial isolates could exhibit traits other than Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR). Our results showed that the bacterization of B. napus seedlings with the selected bacteria improved plant growth when compared to untreated controls. Autoclaved grape wood assays were used to further confirm the in vitro results. The growth of Diplodia mutila, Neopestalotiopsis vitis, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, and Trichothecium roseum was effectively reduced by rhizobacterial isolate Pseudomonas koreensis (JRSK-45) by 97.31, 97.14, 94.17, and 91.91%, respectively. This study highlights the potential of specific rhizobacteria as a promising approach to controlling fungal trunk pathogens associated with grapevine decline.

Optimization and purification of bioproducts from Bacillus velezensis PhCL fermentation and their potential on industrial application and bioremediation

Bioproduction is considered a promising alternative way of obtaining useful and green chemicals. However, the downstream process of biomolecules has been one of the major difficulties in upscaling the application of bioproducts due to the high purification cost. Acid precipitation is the most common method for purifying biosurfactants from the fermentation broth with high purity. However, the use of strong acids and organic solvents in solvent extraction has limited its application. Hence, in this study, a new strain of Bacillus velezensis PhCL was isolated from phenolic waste, and its production of amylase had been optimized via response surface methodology. After that, amylase and biosurfactant were purified by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and the result suggested that even though the purified crude biosurfactant had a lower purification fold compared to the acid precipitation, the yield was higher and both enzymes and biosurfactant also could be recovered for lowering the purification cost. Moreover, the purified amylase and crude biosurfactant were characterized and the results suggested that the purified crude biosurfactant would have a higher emulsion activity and petroleum hydrocarbon removal rate compared to traditional surfactants. This study provided another approach for purifying bioactive compounds including enzymes and biosurfactants from the same fermentation broth and further explored the potential of the crude purified biosurfactant in the bioremediation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and petroleum hydrocarbons.

Characterization of a new isolate of Beauveria bassiana in Algeria and evaluation of its pathogenicity against the cowpea aphid (Aphis craccivora Koch)

BackgroundThe cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch (Hemiptera: Aphidiidae) is a polyphagous aphid species that causes various damage on different crops. The conventional method of controlling this pest is the use synthetic insecticides that threaten both the environmental safety and human health. Moreover, it contributes to the emergence of insecticide-resistant generations. Hence, relying on Entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) remains one of the most safe and effective alternative solutions to control insect pests. For the mentioned reasons, the EPF, Beauveria bassiana was isolated and characterized; besides, its efficiency against adults’ A. craccivora was evaluated both in the laboratory and in the greenhouse.ResultsA new isolate of B. bassiana was isolated from collected cadavers’ insects associated with the population of A. craccivora in a rural area in the Northwest of Algeria. This isolate was identified on the basis of its morphological and molecular characteristics and was referred to as B. bassiana BBAA. The enzymatic activities of this isolate revealed a high production of chitinase, protease and lipase, without any production of amylase. The use of different concentrations of B. bassiana BBAA conidia against A. craccivora led to a high mortality rate, ranging from 64 to 74% mortality on the seventh day post-treatment in vitro and 58 to 70% in greenhouse.ConclusionVirulence and enzymatic activities produced by B. bassiana BBAA demonstrated the necessity to exploit entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) in pest control.

Isolation and Screening of Amylase-producing Fungi from Spoiled Fruits

Amylase is the enzyme that is employed in the breakdown of starch into its simpler components. The research was aimed at isolating and screening Aspergillus niger from spoiled fruits for amylase enzyme production. The spoiled fruits utilized in this study were orange, tomato, banana, mango, hot pepper and pineapple, and were taken from fruit sellers in Kasuwar Mata within the Gombe metropolis. Six different fungi were isolated from spoiled fruits and were identified using cultural and morphological characteristics. They were screened on starch agar for amylase production. A. niger isolated from banana produced the biggest zone of hydrolysis (76 mm) on starch agar while A. niger from tomato produced the smallest zone of hydrolysis (38 mm). The result of this research indicates that A. niger from spoiled fruits are capable of producing amylase enzyme which can be utilized for different industrial processes.

Comparative Analysis of Amylase Enzyme Produced by Aspergillus niger Using Rice and Maize Bran as Substrates

Amylase is used in the degradation of starch-containing materials into its simpler constituents. This study was aimed at comparing amylase production by Aspergillus niger isolated from different sources on different varieties of rice and maize bran. Different strains of A. niger were isolated from different sources and were identified using cultural, morphological and molecular characteristics. A. niger USGB:1024 isolated from soil obtained from a maize mill and A. niger BGSU:17-00030 isolated from spoiled tomato were used for amylase enzyme production as both gave positive results during screening. Amylase enzyme was produced using 15g of substrates, temperature 30 C, pH 6 and inoculum density of 1 ×106. A. niger USGB:1024 was found to produce an amylase enzyme with the highest activity (3.15±0.1 IU) on Chinese rice bran at fermentation day 5. A. niger BGSU:17-00030 also produced amylase enzyme with the highest activity (1.46±0.01 IU) on Chinese rice bran at 5 days of fermentation. The result has shown that A. niger USGB:1024 produced amylase enzyme with the highest activity than A. niger BGSU:17-00030.

ChsA, a Class Ⅱ Chitin Synthase, Contributes to Asexual Conidiation, Mycelial Morphology, Cell Wall Integrity, and the Production of Enzymes and Organic Acids in Aspergillus niger.

Chitin synthases (CHSs) are vital enzymes for the synthesis of chitin and play important and differential roles in fungal development, cell wall integrity, environmental adaptation, virulence, and metabolism in fungi. However, except for ChsC, a class III CHS, little is known about the functions of CHSs in Aspergillus niger, an important fungus that is widely applied in the fermentation industry and food processing, as well as a spoilage fungus of food and a human pathogen. This study showed the important functions of ChsA, a class II CHS, in A. niger using multi-phenotypic and transcriptional analyses under various conditions. The deletion of chsA led to severe defects in conidiation on different media and resulted in the formation of smaller and less compact pellets with less septa in hyphal cells during submerged fermentation. Compared with the WT, the ΔchsA mutants exhibited less chitin content, reduced growth under the stresses of cell wall-disturbing and oxidative agents, more released protoplasts, a thicker conidial wall, decreased production of amylases, pectinases, cellulases, and malic acid, and increased citric acid production. However, ΔchsA mutants displayed insignificant changes in their sensitivity to osmotic agents and infection ability on apple. These findings concurred with the alteration in the transcript levels and enzymatic activities of some phenotype-related genes. Conclusively, ChsA is important for cell wall integrity and mycelial morphology, and acts as a positive regulator of conidiation, cellular responses to oxidative stresses, and the production of malic acid and some enzymes, but negatively regulates the citric acid production in A. niger.

EFFECTS OF MEDIA COMPOSITIONS ON AMYLASE AND D-LACTIC ACID PRODUCED BY A POTENTIAL STARCH-UTILIZING BACTERIUM

The high demand for amylase and lactic acid in various industries made enzyme and acid production from cheap substrates very attractive. This study investigated the effect of major medium constituents on amylase and D-lactic acid production by the potential starch-utilizing and optical pure D-lactic acid-producing Lactobacillus sp. SUTWR 73, to provide data for the efficient application of the lactic acid bacterium. Its amylase and D-lactic acid production was considerably affected by the addition of organic nitrogen tryptone to certain cassava starch concentrations as a carbon-source. While the other medium compositions: yeast extract and cheap nitrogen sources (soy protein, defatted rice bran, and spent brewery yeast) compared to tryptone as equal total nitrogen contents, did not have any effect on either metabolite production. The medium containing cassava starch (4.0%, w/v) and tryptone (4.5%, w/v) can be satisfactorily used for both products. The initial pH of the production medium was another factor affecting metabolite production. A suitable initial pH was 8.0 and 7.0-10.0 for amylase and D-lactic acid production, respectively. Amylase activity was detected at the early log growth phase while the D-lactic acid was produced at the late log phase. Understanding the relationship between amylase and D-lactic acid production from this study is important for designing an economical operating system for the direct production of D-lactic acid from cheap cassava starch without adding any commercial amylase as a substrate in pretreatment resulting in reduction costs of the production process.

BACTERIAL AMYLASE PRODUCTION BY THE L-LACTIC ACID-PRODUCING STRAIN USING CASSAVA STARCH SUPPLEMENTED WITH RICE BRAN

Amylase is a crucial starch-degrading enzyme, which is commercially available, prvides benefit to starchy industry to overcome viscosity problem that caused by using high starch concentration, and to supply sugar residues. This study aimed to investigate the production of amylase by the potential optical pure L-lactic acid-producing Lactococcus sp. SUT 513 for further development of the optical pure acid fermentation process from the cheap cassava starch. Rice bran, the main byproduct in the process of rice milling, was found to provide the maximum amylase production when supplemented with 4.0 g/L (w/v) to the medium containing cassava starch (20.0 g/L, w/v), compared to the cassava medium added either the expensive nitrogen source, tryptone (5.0 g/L) and yeast extract (3.0 g/L, w/v); or the cheap alternatives, soy ptotein (8.0 g/L) or urea (2.0 g/L) combined with yeast extract (3.0 g/L). The amylase activity obtained from the developed medium was approximately 3 times higher than the original medium. This bacterium gave the highest crude amylase activity of 4.848±0.237 U/mL in the suitable medium performed in a7.5-L bioreactor with 3.0-L working volume for the optimal cultivation time of only 18 h under a control pH of 7.0, temperature at 35°C, agitation at 150 rpm, and without aeration. The results reveal the high potential production of amylase by Lactococcus sp. SUT 513 using the cheap cassava starch medium supplemented with rice bran, providing an opportunity to develop both amylase and optically pure L-lactic acid production processes.

Detergent-stable amylase production by Paenibacillus lactis strain OPSA3 isolated from soil; optimization by response surface methodology

This study aimed to isolate thermostable, alkaliphilic, and detergent-tolerant amylase-producing bacteria. Pure isolates from environmental samples were screened on a starch-based medium (pH 11), and selected isolates were identified using cultural and molecular techniques. Product optimization studies were conducted, and secreted amylase was partially purified using 40% (w/v) saturation ammonium sulfate at 4 °C. The wash performance of concentrated amylase was analyzed. A novel isolate, Paenibacillus lactis OPSA3, was selected for further studies. The isolate produced amylase optimally when grown on banana peels and soybean extracts, which are agro-wastes. Optimization by Response surface Methodology resulted in a 2.1-fold increase in alkaliphilic amylase production. A 2.46-fold purification was achieved, with an enzyme activity yield of 79.53% and specific activity of 26.19 Umg−1. Wash performance analysis using the amylase supplemented with boiled commercial detergent (kiln®) showed good cleaning efficiency. The amylase has the potential for application as a component of green detergent.

Pre-harvest occurrence and physico-chemical characterization of Cladosporium cladosporioides on grape in India

Aim: The present study aimed to characterize Cladosporium cladosporioides C1 with respect to its pathogenicity, effect of different environmental factors and extracellular enzyme production. Methodology: A survey was conducted on C. cladosporioides in vineyards in Pune, Nashik and Sangli district of Maharashtra. The growth rate of C. cladosporioides was determined at different levels of temperature, pH and water activity. The pathogenicity of C. cladosporioides on both coloured and white table grape varieties with different total soluble solid (TSS) values was investigated along with its ability to produce different lytic enzymes required for pathogenicity. Results: The survey of the vineyards indicated that every vineyard was infected with C. cladosporioides irrespective of the infection level. The optimum growth of C. cladosporioides was noted at 25°C with pH 5 and 0.99 water activity (aw). Injured berries with high TSS were necessary to cause berry rot. Berries having 25% TSS developed significantly larger rot patches of 4.94±0.07 mm in white grapes as compared to berries having 15 % TSS. In the colored variety the berries having 25% TSS developed rot of 4.54±0.12 mm which was significantly higher as compared to berries having 15 % TSS. The fungi showed production of protease, lipase, amylase and pectinase enzymes. Quantitative analysis revealed that the yield of amylase was 71.67 %, which was significantly higher as compared to other enzymes. Interpretation: The information obtained on the growth of C. cladosporioides from the physico-chemical analysis would help to predict the development of the pathogen in the natural environment as well as formulate a strategy to control its pre-harvest infection. Key words: C. cladosporioides, Enzymes, Grapes, Pathogenicity

A COMPUTATIONAL GENOME ANALYSIS OF STRAIN BACILLUS SUBTILIS MIZ-8 ISOLATED FROM BEKANG REVEALS A DISTINCT CHROMOSOME AND PLASMID CONFERRING SELECTIVE ADVANTAGE

Bacillus subtilis Miz-8 is isolated from Bekang, a traditional fermented soybean food of Mizoram, India. Here, we report computationally analyzed strain Miz-8 mapped to the annotated genome of the reference strain Bacillus subtilis subsp. natto BEST195. Miz-8 has a circular chromosome and a small plasmid with genome size of 4105264 bp and 5838 bp, respectively. Genome contains the genes responsible for synthesis of biosynthetic metabolites like surfactin, fengycin, bacillibactin, bacilysin, subtilosin A and alpha amylase production. The strain Miz-8 harbored virulence genes identical to the strain BEST195 render themselves harmless for human consumption. However, Strain Miz-8 has one intact prophage region but no integrase protein, making it incapable of lateral transfer of antimicrobials. Antibiotic resistance genes were predicted among which tmrB gene was on perfect hit. Plasmid of strain Miz-8 contains no prophage sequences and antibiotic resistance genes. Furthermore, there were several single nucleotide polymorphisms and 344 insertion-deletion polymorphisms. Bacillus subtilis Miz-8's genomic information unmasks its functional significance on human health.