Amplification Of Response Research Articles

Electrocatalytic Mapping of Metal Fatigue with Persistent Slip Bands.

Metal fatigue, characterized by the accumulation of dislocation defects, is a prevalent failure mode in structural materials. Nondestructive early-stage detection of metal fatigue is extremely important to prevent disastrous events and protect human life. However, the lack of a precise quantitative method to visualize fatigue with spatiotemporal resolution poses a significant obstacle to timely detection. Here, we demonstrate a nondestructive electrocatalytic method to visualize metal fatigue, which is promising for future fatigue early detections. The persistent slip band (PSB) is considered one of the most consequential defect structures for metal fatigue failure. The selective electrochemistry is highly dependent on the metal crystallography and the collective dislocations in the PSB structure, enabling the amplification of the electrochemical response and differentiation of the fatigue stages at a submillimeter resolution. In addition, this nondestructive electrocatalytic method is applicable to several common metals, including copper, silver, iron, and aluminum, holding great significance where metal fatigue is a critical concern.

Constitutive surface expression of the thromboxane A2 receptor is Pim kinase-dependent.

The thromboxane A2 receptor (TPαR) plays an important role in the amplification of platelet responses during thrombosis. Receptor activity is regulated by internalization and receptor desensitization. The mechanism by which constitutive surface expression of the TPαR is regulated is unknown. Recently, it has been demonstrated that proviral insertion in murine lymphoma (Pim) kinase inhibitors reduce platelet functional responses in a TPαR-dependent manner. To investigate whether Pim kinases regulate constitutive TPαR surface expression. TPαR surface expression was measured in platelets, and human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells transfected with tagged TPαRs in the presence and absence of Pim kinase inhibitors using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy. TPαR-dependent calcium flux was assessed using Fluo-4 AM. Site prediction modeling and site-directed mutagenesis were used to identify the TPαR PIM kinase phosphorylation site. Surface expression of TPαR and calcium responses to U46619 were reduced in platelets and HEK293T cells following Pim kinase inhibition. Overexpression of kinase-dead Pim-1 also reduced TPαR surface expression on HEK293T cells. Reduced surface expression of the TPαR was found to be mediated by increased receptor internalization in a dynamin and β-arrestin-dependent manner. Four putative Pim kinase phosphorylation sites in the TPαR were mutated, and serine 57 in the first intracellular loop of TPαR was identified to be a novel regulatory site important for maintaining TPαR surface expression and thromboxane A2-dependent functional responses. Pim kinase inhibition may offer a novel therapeutic approach to limit cellular responses to thromboxane A2, independent of cyclooxygenase inhibition and direct antagonism of the receptor.

AS CITOCINAS IL-1B E TNF-A E O PERFIL METABÓLICO EM VACAS COM HIPERCETONEMIA: UMA REVISÃO DE LITERATURA

Hyperketonemia is the most prevalent metabolic disease in the transition period of productive cows. It is characterized by the increase of ketone bodies in body tissues and fluids, in addition to changes in metabolic profiles and cytokine expression, which can result in significant economic losses and damage to animal health. Objective: To conduct a literature review addressing the main aspects related to hyperketonemia, with emphasis on changes in the metabolic profile and expression of the cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α during the transition period. Methodology: The review was based on articles found in the databases, published between 1972 and 2024, using specific terms such as "hyperketonemia", "transition period" and "metabolic profile". Literature review: Hyperketonemia develops in response to negative energy balance, when energy demand exceeds dietary intake, leading to mobilization of body reserves and increased non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) in the blood. These fatty acids are metabolized in the liver, favoring ketogenesis and resulting in metabolic disorders. The metabolic profile is an essential tool to assess the metabolic health of the herd, allowing the identification of changes in biochemical parameters, such as glucose, NEFAs, proteins and hormones. This monitoring reveals the relationship between metabolism and inflammatory responses, and is crucial for the early detection of disorders. The cytokines IL-1β and TNF-α, released during inflammatory processes, play an essential role in the transition period of dairy cows, contributing to the amplification of the inflammatory response associated with hyperketonemia. Conclusion: Early detection through biomarkers, such as β-hydroxybutyrate and NEFAs, is essential to prevent hyperketonemia. Inflammatory alterations, such as the elevation of IL-1β and TNF-α, reinforce the importance of integrated strategies for nutritional, genetic and immunological management, aiming to minimize damage to animal health and reduce economic losses.

Device topology optimization for an inerter-based structural dynamic vibration absorber

A tuned viscous mass damper (TVMD) and a tuned inerter damper (TID) have been proposed as devices that can achieve weight reduction by replacing the mass element of a structural dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) with an inerter. In the TID, the damping element is arranged in parallel with the spring, making its device topology the same as conventional dynamic vibration absorbers. In contrast, in the TVMD the damping element is arranged in parallel with the inerter. This parallel mechanism of inerter and damping element can be realized in a single device, and the member of the building that supports the device can be used as the spring element, making the TVMD highly practical. In fact, TVMDs with a mass effect equivalent to thousands of tons have been commercialized and applied to high-rise buildings in Japan. This paper aims to clarify the effects of the choice of objective functions and damping element arrangement on the seismic response control effectiveness of inerter-based structural DVAs, providing guidelines for structural engineers in selecting suitable devices to achieve desired control effects. The method of investigation considers a model that encompasses both TVMD and TID configurations and formulates a multi-objective optimization problem to simultaneously minimize the displacement amplification factor and floor response acceleration amplification factor. The results of the multi-objective optimization reveal that the TVMD is optimal when the focus is on controlling displacement response, while the TID is optimal when prioritizing the control of floor response acceleration. It was found that the floor response acceleration amplification factor of a structure containing TVMD could be significantly improved by slightly compromising the displacement response amplification factor, leading to the recommendation of adopting the TVMD configuration as an inerter-based structural DVA.

Critical roles of extracellular vesicles in periodontal disease and regeneration.

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are evolutionarily conserved communication mediators that play key roles in the development of periodontal disease as well as in regeneration processes. This concise review first outlines the pathogenic mechanisms through which EVs derived from bacteria lead to the progression of periodontitis, with a focus on the enrichment of virulence factors, the amplification of immune responses, and the induction of bone destruction as key aspects influenced by bacterial EVs. This review aims to elucidate the positive effects of EVs derived from mesenchymal stem cells (MSC-EVs) on periodontal tissue regeneration. In particular, the anti-inflammatory properties of MSC-EVs and their impact on the intricate interplay between MSCs and various immune cells, including macrophages, dendritic cells, and T cells, are described. Moreover, recent advancements regarding the repair-promoting functions of MSC-EVs are detailed, highlighting the mechanisms underlying their ability to promote osteogenesis, cementogenesis, angiogenesis, and the homing of stem cells, thus contributing significantly to periodontal tissue regeneration. Furthermore, this review provides insights into the therapeutic efficacy of MSC-EVs in treating periodontitis within a clinical context. By summarizing the current knowledge, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of how MSC-EVs can be harnessed for the treatment of periodontal diseases. Finally, a discussion is presented on the challenges that lie ahead and the potential practical implications for translating EV-based therapies into clinical practices for the treatment of periodontitis.

Snowflake‐Like RuMn Branched Nanosheets Enable Topocatalytic Therapy of Cardiac Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury via Resisting Inflammatory Cascade and Neutrophil Invasion

AbstractMyocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is the main cause for limited response to treatment after clinical revascularization. The primary mechanisms are over production of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) and severe inflammatory response, leading to irreversible damage to cardiac tissue. Herein, this work proposes the concept of topocatalytic nanomedicine and reports a distinctive class of snowflake‐like ultrathin manganese‐doped ruthenium branched nanosheets with PEGylation (RuMn BNSP) that could overcome complex biological conditions to attenuate myocardial I/R injury. The snowflake‐like RuMn BNSP mimic the function of antioxidative enzymes to effectively scavenge RONS, thereby enabling the excellent cellular protection against oxidative stress. In addition, in an oxidized environment, the snowflake‐like RuMn BNSP could maintain mitochondrial function by preventing mitochondrial membrane potential depolarization and mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening. In a myocardial I/R murine model, a single intravenous bolus of RuMn BNSP prevents the recruitment of inflammatory neutrophils and amplification of inflammatory responses in cardiac tissue, thereby reducing the size of myocardial infarction and improving the cardiac function. These findings validate the rational design of snowflake‐like RuMn BNSP to effectively scavenge toxic RONS and reduce neutrophil infiltration on myocardial I/R injury, providing strong evidence for the application of RuMn BNSP in other oxidative stress‐related diseases.

A Comprehensive Review on Immunoregulatory Effects of Phytochemicals.

An efficient immune system in the host body plays a crucial role in the preservation of normal biological and immune reactions and processes, as well as the intrinsic environment. This is because the immune system is responsible for fighting off foreign invaders. A healthy immune system strengthens the body's defense against infections, illnesses, and other unwelcome pathogens, thereby reducing the risk of allergic reactions and autoimmune diseases. Innate immune cells and acquired immune system components interact in a corrective fashion to produce optimal immune responses. In recent years, researchers have begun to focus on the immune system as a potential primary target of toxicity from chemical, pharmacological, and environmental exposure. Sex, age, stress, malnutrition, alcohol, genetic variability, lifestyles, environmental pollutants, and chemotherapy are just a few of the many elements that might modify the host's immunological responses. The production, amplification, attenuation, or suppression of immunological responses are all examples of immunomodulation. There are a wide variety of synthetic and traditional treatments available, and many of them cause major side effects and develop pathogenic resistance very quickly. Natural substances called phytochemicals play a crucial role in regulating the body's immune system. Risk factors for immune response changes are discussed, as is the immunomodulatory action of phytochemicals like glycosides, alkaloids, phenolic acids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, sterols, and steroids.

A Parametric Study of Intervening Factors in Vibration Mitigation in Wind Towers Controlled by TLCDs

Wind turbine support towers are tall and slender structures, because of this, they have low natural vibration frequencies, which make them susceptible to vibrations due to wind, earthquakes and/or other dynamic actions. These vibrations can cause sensory discomfort and structural damage, causing collapse by amplification of structural responses or the failure of some structural components due to fatigue. Therefore, it is interesting to implement vibration control devices to attenuate the vibrations. This work analyzes Tuned Liquid Column Dampers (TLCDs) as a passive structural control. The mathematical formulations of the wind tower motion equations are presented for structural systems with a single, and with several degrees of freedom, under bending effects, and for the incompressible fluid column (TLCD). Initially, the tower and TLCD systems are studied separately, and later in a coupled manner, within a wide range of parameter values, an aspect that allows the construction of response maps representing the ratio of attenuated and non-attenuated structural response. A simplified way of optimizing parameters of a TLCD model in the time and frequency domain under harmonic excitation is proposed to improve the performance of TLCDs, as well as simulations on wind towers with many degrees of freedom, dimensions, and real conditions.

Numerical model and effect of site condition on the coupled dynamic characteristics of water storage tank of AP1000 shield building

AbstractSince the Fukushima nuclear incident in 2011, the focus on nuclear safety has intensified significantly, leading to heightened demands for nuclear power plant modeling to go beyond the mere dynamic analysis of soil–structure interaction (SSI) or fluid–structure interaction (FSI). In current engineering practice, FSI is typically described using simplified forms, such as loads or added mass. However, this approach lacks a comprehensive analytical framework that integrates refined FSI analysis with soil–structure interaction (SSI). This study analyzes the dynamic response of the nuclear island structural system using a fully coupled fluid–structure–soil interaction (FSSI) model. The effectiveness and validity of the model are verified through case comparisons. Simulations were conducted using the parameters of five different types of nuclear power engineering sites for both homogeneous and layered foundations. The results indicated that the hydrodynamic pressure response and acceleration amplification of layered foundations significantly exceeded those of homogeneous foundations, underscoring the importance of considering layered sites in the comprehensive complex modeling of nuclear power projects.

Abnormalities of IL-12 Family Cytokine Pathways in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Progression.

Background and Objectives: Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) is the most frequent genetic renal disease with a complex physiopathology. More and more studies sustain that inflammation plays a crucial role in ADPKD pathogenesis and progression. We evaluated IL-12 involvement in ADPKD pathophysiology by assessing the serum levels of its monomers and heterodimers. Materials and Methods: A prospective case-control study was developed and included 66 ADPKD subjects and a control group of 40 healthy subjects. The diagnosis of ADPKD was based on familial history clinical and imagistic exams. The study included subjects with eGFR > 60 mL/min/1.73 mp, with no history of hematuria or other renal disorders, with stable blood pressure in the last 6 months. We tested serum levels of monomers IL-12 p40 and IL-12 p35 and heterodimers IL-12 p70, IL-23, IL 35, assessed by ELISA method. Results: IL-12 family programming was abnormal in ADPKD patients. IL-12p70, IL-12p40, and IL-23 secretion increased, while IL-12p35 and IL-35 secretion decreased compared to control. IL-12p70, IL-12p40, and IL-23 had a progressive increase correlated with immune response amplification, a decrease of eGFR, an increase in TKV, and in albuminuria. On the other hand, IL-35 and IL-12p35 were correlated negatively with CRP and albuminuria and positively with eGFR in advanced ADPKD. Conclusions: The present study investigated IL-12 cytokine family members' involvement in ADPKD pathogenesis, enriching our understanding of inflammation in the most common renal genetic disorder.

Effects of Soil–Structure Interaction on the Seismic Response of RC Frame–Shear Wall Building Structures Under Far-Field Long-Period Ground Motions

This paper focuses on the effect of soil–structure interaction (SSI) on the seismic response of high-rise RC frame–shear wall structures under far-field long-period ground motions. Elastic–plastic time–history analyses were performed using ABAQUS. The effects of the ground motion type, soil type, and structural frequency on the seismic response are analyzed and quantitatively evaluated. On this basis, the influence mechanism of SSI on the seismic response under far-field long-period ground motions is discussed and revealed through a ground motion spectrum analysis. The results show that the consideration of the SSI effect leads to an increase in the displacement response and a decrease in the shear response. The SSI coefficient of the base shear is all less than 1, ranging from 0.5 to 1. The SSI effect under far-field long-period ground motions is more pronounced than that under ordinary ground motions. The shear force reduction in the current code may not be applicable to the structural design considering the SSI effect under far-field long-period ground motions. The displacement response amplification of the SSI effect on loess soil (Site 2) is more remarkable than that on sand soil (Site 1). The SSI effect can reduce the structural frequency, especially for the structures with fewer floors on the softer soil site. The “bimodal characteristic” of the acceleration response spectrum for far-field long-period ground motions may lead to shear force amplification when SSI is considered.

A Signal‐on Photoelectrochemical Immunosensor Based on Bi2MoO6 Nanosheets for Carcinoembryonic Antigen Analysis

Herein, a Bi <sub>2</sub>MoO <sub>6</sub> nanosheet (BMONS)‐based sensing platform for signal‐on photoelectrochemical (PEC) detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was successfully constructed by employing an enzyme‐catalyzed reaction as the signal amplification method. Specifically, as the CEA concentration escalates, a substantial accumulation of immunological complexes was triggered by the interaction between antigens and antibodies, which promptly concentrate glucose oxidase (GOD) within the wells of a 96‐well microplate. These sequestered GOD molecules subsequently catalyze the hydrolysis of glucose to yield H <sub>2</sub>O <sub>2</sub>, an efficient hole scavenger, leading to significant amplification of the PEC response from the photosensitive materials. Under meticulously optimized conditions, a broad linear detection range spanning from 0.05 to 50 ng mL <sup>–1</sup> with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.023 ng mL <sup>–1</sup> has been realized for the detection of CEA. This exceptional performance underscores the successful implementation and efficacy of our BMONS‐based PEC sensing platform, which offers promising avenues for sensitive and selective biomarker detection.

Sexual Victimization History and Emotion Regulation in Daily Life: A Role for Stress Sensitization.

Relative to other types of traumatic experiences, a lifetime history of sexual violence (SV) has been linked with more persistent and severe mental health outcomes, but the reasons for this discrepancy have not been clearly established. Stress sensitization, or the amplification of responses to daily stressors as a function of trauma history, offers one possible explanation. Using ecological momentary assessment, the current study tested stress sensitization effects in daily life for individuals with a history of SV, focusing on emotion regulation as an outcome. Smartphone surveys were delivered four times per day over a 2-week period to assess relationships between prior SV exposure, daily stressors, and emotion regulation in an undergraduate sample (N = 122). As expected, individuals with lifetime exposure to SV evidenced increased emotion dysregulation and maladaptive emotion regulation in response to daily stressors relative to nonexposed peers, even after accounting for cumulative trauma. However, the SV and non-SV groups did not differ significantly on state adaptive emotion regulation. Instead, experiencing daily stressors was associated with increased adaptive emotion regulation for individuals in both groups. Broadly, results suggest that SV is uniquely associated with increased sensitivity to daily stressors, manifested as emotion dysregulation and use of maladaptive emotion regulation strategies to regulate emotions. These findings are consistent with emerging research on the neurobiology of trauma and with an emphasis on emotion regulation skills in leading interventions for SV-exposed individuals. Stress sensitization warrants additional attention as a factor linking SV and mental health problems.

Persistent Activation of the P2X7 Receptor Underlies Chronic Inflammation and Carcinogenic Changes in the Intestine.

Aberrant signaling through damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) has been linked to several health disorders, attracting considerable research interest over the last decade. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP), a key extracellular DAMP, activates the purinergic receptor P2X7, which acts as a danger sensor in immune cells and is implicated in distinct biological functions, including cell death, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and defense against microorganisms. In addition to driving inflammation mediated by immune and non-immune cells, the persistent release of endogenous DAMPs, including ATP, has been shown to result in epigenetic modifications. In intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and colorectal cancer (CRC), consequent amplification of the inflammatory response and the resulting epigenetic reprogramming may impact the development of pathological changes associated with specific disease phenotypes. P2X7 is overexpressed in the gut mucosa of patients with IBD, whereas the P2X7 blockade prevents the development of chemically induced experimental colitis. Recent data suggest a role for P2X7 in determining gut microbiota composition. Regulatory mechanisms downstream of the P2X7 receptor, combined with signals from dysbiotic microbiota, trigger intracellular signaling pathways and inflammasomes, intensify inflammation, and foster colitis-associated CRC development. Preliminary studies targeting the ATP-P2X7 pathway have shown favorable therapeutic effects in human IBD and experimental colitis.

Mechanism of the Dynamic Response Amplification of Cable Transport Lines: Design Applications Based on Cable Tension Signal Analysis

Mechanism of the Dynamic Response Amplification of Cable Transport Lines: Design Applications Based on Cable Tension Signal Analysis

Time-course analysis of antibody and cytokine response after the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose

The widespread administration of an additional dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine has been promoted across adult populations, demonstrating a robust immune response against COVID-19. Longitudinal studies provide crucial data on the durability of immune response after the third vaccination. This study aims to explore the antibody response, neutralizing activity, and cytokine response against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain (wild-type) and its variants during the timeline before and after the administration of the third vaccine dose. Anti-spike antibody titers and neutralizing antibodies blocking ACE2 binding to spike antigens were measured in 62 study participants at baseline, and on days 7, 21, and 180 post-vaccination. Cytokine levels were assessed at the same points except for day 180, with an additional measurement on day 3 post-vaccination. The analysis revealed no substantial variation in anti-spike antibody titer against the SARS-CoV-2 ancestral strain between the pre-vaccination phase and three days following the third dose. However, a significant nine-fold increase in these titers was observed by day 7, maintained until day 21. Although a decrease was observed by day 180, all participants still had detectable antibody levels. A similar trend was noted for neutralizing antibodies, with a four-fold rise by day 7 post-vaccination. At day 180, a diminution of neutralizing antibody titers was evident for both wild-type and all variants, including Omicron subvariant. A transient increase in cytokine activity, notably involving components of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) pathway, such as CXCL10 and IL-10, was observed within three days after the third dose. This study underscores a distinct amplification of humoral immune response seven days following the third SARS-CoV-2 vaccine dose and observes a decline in neutralizing antibody titers 180 days following the third dose, thus indicating the temporal humoral effectiveness of booster vaccination. A short-term cytokine surge, notably involving the JAK/STAT pathway, highlights the dynamic immune modulation post-vaccination.

The effect of hydrogen enrichment on the conical premixed methane–air flame response and thermoacoustic modes coupling

This paper investigates the thermoacoustic dynamic responses of hydrogen-enriched laminar premixed conical methane–air flames under dual-mode coupling. Utilizing the level set method and the G-equation model, one meticulously derives the flame describing function (FDF) in relation to variations in hydrogen enrichment levels (ηH). This precisely derived FDF is then integrated into the low-order network model of the Rijke tube to analyze the thermoacoustic unstable modes of the system. Finally, dual-frequencies incoming flow velocity perturbations are reintroduced as inputs to obtain the flame response under thermoacoustic modes coupling. Results show that while keeping the unstretched steady flame aspect ratio constant, an increase in ηH not only raises the FDF’s cut-off frequency but also enhances the FDF gain within the nonlinear frequency region, leading to more unstable modes, especially high frequency modes within the Rijke tube system. Furthermore, the flame response is further altered under the excitation of dual unstable modes. When both modes are within the linear frequency region of the FDF, the flame response is co-controlled by the two modes, predominantly by the mode with a larger velocity perturbation amplitude, with weaker modes coupling leading to the additional frequency perturbation having a suppressive effect on the flame response at the original frequency. Conversely, when one or two modes are within the nonlinear frequency region of the FDF, the flame response is dominated by the lower-frequency mode, with higher nonlinear modes coupling allowing the additional frequency perturbation to both promote and suppress the response at the original frequency and also couple to produce a significant difference frequency response. Novelty and significance The novelty of this paper lies in the determination of the flame describing function (FDF) with varying hydrogen enrichment levels and the stability of thermoacoustic systems, and more significantly, conducting an in-depth and comprehensive investigation into the nonlinear dynamic responses of hydrogen-enriched flames to different types of dual-mode coupling perturbations. The dual-mode perturbations result in either attenuation or amplification of the flame response, depending on whether the corresponding frequencies lie within the linear or nonlinear frequency regions of the FDF, which innovatively incorporates the influence of the FDF phase and examines the responses at the difference frequencies generated by the coupling. This lays a foundation for further exploration into the mechanisms of modes coupling in hydrogen-enriched and other thermoacoustic systems.

Design of highly efficient filtering power amplifier with a wideband response for sub-6 GHz 5G applications

This paper presents the design of a filtering power amplifier (PA) with extra-high power-efficiency and wide bandwidth. To accomplish this, a novel approach is adopted by utilizing a wideband bandpass filter (BPF) as the output matching network (OMN) for the PA. The BPF compromises two paths, where each path consisting of two identical coupled lines that are interconnected to form a ring structure. The suggested configuration eliminates the need for a conventional OMN by integrating the input port of the filter with the drain node of the transistor, resulting in reduced size and losses and improved amplifier performance. The filter concept is illustrated using coupling matrix synthesis. A proof-of-concept filtering PA has been designed using a commercially available 10 W GaN HEMT. This amplifier was designed to operate in the frequency range of 3.0–5.0 GHz, yielding a fractional bandwidth of 50 %. According to achieved results, the drain efficiency and output power are 43.8–70.5 % and 40.2–41.8 dBm, respectively. As a result, the suggested filtering PA demonstrates significant performance in terms of filter bandwidth response and power amplification. Additionally, the proposed filtering PA has a broad operational bandwidth of 3.0–5.0 GHz, which covers the 5G New Radio (NR) n77 (3.3–4.2 GHz), n78 (3.3–3.8 GHz), and n79 (4.4–5.0 GHz) frequency bands.

Review on Response Amplification Technology for Shock Absorption

The response amplification technology, which enhances the efficiency of shock absorption apparatuses, has been widely applied in the field of shock absorption control for engineering structures. Researchers have proposed and verified through numerical analysis and experiments more structural forms of this technology as applicable. The functions are also more comprehensive, such as increased utilization rate of structural space and economy. The development of its theoretical foundation has progressed from constant solutions based on small deformations to solutions that reflect the time-varying characteristics of the amplification factor of the brace-damping system. Simultaneously, the influencing factors of the amplification factor have been analyzed in detail to provide better theoretical guidance for engineering practice. This paper provides a detailed discussion on the research overview of the response amplification technology and the influencing factors of the amplification factor. The conclusion introduces the significance of using this technology, comprehensively analyzes the deficiencies and limitations of existing response amplification technology, and points out the research and development direction, with the expectation of providing ideas for further development.

Investigation of seismic response amplification effects of diverse multi-support earthquake excitations on cable-stayed bridges

This study addresses the critical need to understand the seismic behavior of cable-stayed bridges under Multi-Support Excitation (MSE) in order to mitigate earthquake-induced damage to these structures. The primary focus is on the investigation of response amplification phenomena and their seismic implications for cable-stayed bridges. Through a detailed comparative analysis of MSE and Synchronous Excitation (SE) across various structural locations, the study evaluates the impact of site-specific recorded ground motions of different earthquake categories. A pragmatic framework is developed to simulate realistic MSE ground motions for diverse earthquake scenarios, emphasizing the necessity of considering MSE in bridge design. The findings reveal a significant amplification of the design requirements due to antisymmetric mode excitation and increased tower and pier motions. The study also identified the need for in-depth analysis of cable-stayed bridges to address the increased vulnerability of tower-adjacent areas and to devise targeted reinforcement strategies of vulnerable components. These insights are critical for advancing seismic design practices and improving the resilience of cable-stayed bridges, contributing to safer urban infrastructure.