Amount Of Fibrin Research Articles

Production of pneumonic lesions by intrabronchial insufflation of unorganized substances

Earlier communications from this department have shown that intrabronchial insufflations of virulent pneumococci in dogs produce lobar pneumonia similar in every respect to the lesions of lobar pneumonia as observed in human beings. In later experiments, Wollstein and Meltzer demonstrated that, at least macroscopically, typical pneumonic lesions can be produced also by avirulent pneumococci and by the saprophytic bacillus megatherium. Microscopically it was established that the lesions produced by the virulent pneumococci contained a great amount of fibrin, while the lesions produced by the last-named organisms (avirulent pneumococci and bacillus megatherium) contained only very little fibrin.In the present series of experiments various unorganized substances were insufflated into the bronchi of dogs which were killed after twenty-four or forty-eight hours. The substances were: aleuronat suspension in starch solution (autoclaved), starch solution, egg yolk, lecithin, egg white and cholesterin. The results...

Fibrinogen deficiency in hemophilia

The amount of fibrinogen of the blood seems to vary within wide variations both in man and in animals. In hemophilia there have been some estimations of the percentage of fibrinogen based upon the amount of fibrin obtained after coagulation. However, these data are so divergent as to allow of no satisfactory deduction, quite apart from the fact that they give no information as to the quality of the fibrinogen.In the estimations of fibrinogen here reported, a functional method has been made use of. Precipitated fibrinogen, made approximately according to the method of Hammarsten, has been added to the whole blood of cases of hemophilia, of purpura, and of normal adults and children. To ten drops of blood, one, two, and three drops of fibrinogen have been added; a fourth tube serving as a control. In this way we are able to ascertain whether the fibrinogen had a complementary action in hemophilia, as compared to the other cases, and also whether it brought the clotting time of the blood close to the normal....

THE EFFECT OF DILUTION OF PLASMA MEDIUM ON THE GROWTH AND FAT ACCUMULATION OF CELLS IN TISSUE CULTURES

1. Dilution of plasma with isotonic solutions causes a more extensive migration in cultures of cells of the actively migratory type, such as those of spleen and bone marrow. Dilution with a limited quantity of distilled water produces the same effect. Less actively motile cells are influenced little or not at all by dilution. The effect on cells of the first type is probably due to the reduction in the quantity of fibrin in the clot producing lessened resistance to cell locomotion. 2. Dilution of plasma with either isotonic solutions or distilled water is without effect on cell multiplication, as is shown by records of the number of mitoses in living culture preparations. 3. Dilution of plasma with suitable quantities of Ringer's solution causes a marked diminution in the quantity of fat accumulated by the cells. This reduction is to be attributed to the decrease in the quantity of fat in the medium. The accumulation of fat by cells in cultures is therefore not to be regarded as the result of a cell degeneration, but as an accumulation, the source of the fat being the medium in which the cells are growing.

THE CHARACTER OF THE PNEUMONIC LESIONS PRODUCED BY INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF VIRULENT STREPTOCOCCI

THE CHARACTER OF THE PNEUMONIC LESIONS PRODUCED BY INTRABRONCHIAL INSUFFLATION OF VIRULENT STREPTOCOCCI

Further observations of the effects of ions on the activity of enzymes

Previous communications from this laboratory have made it evident that peptolysis of fibrin is unequal in rate and extent in acid solutions of equipercentage, equinormal (isohydric), equimolecular, or equidissociated (isohydrionic) concentration. The same may be said of tryptolysis of the same protein in a series of bases of analogous concentrations. We have found that the sequence of zymolysis, both in rate and extent in a given group of acid or basic solutions, varies considerably with the nature of the protein. This fact makes it impossible accurately to formulate statements regarding various phases of peptolysis or tryptolysis without specifying the particular protein involved in the process; it also renders doubtful various general conclusions of common acceptance pertaining to digestion that have been derived, in one research or another, from the use of a single protein. A study of the peptolysis of many proteins in a given series of acid solutions has therefore been undertaken, and an effort will be made to extend the observations to the tryptolysis of the same proteins in a given series of basic solutions. The speed and extent of both peptolysis and tryptolysis are resultants of conflicting influences. In the case of peptolysis, for example, the hydrogen ions in a given acid solution are always essential and positive factors, whereas the accompanying anions or molecules or both appear to be, as a rule, non-essential and inhibitory factors. This conclusion is warranted by such results as the following, taken from our records of an experiment in which I gram quantities of fibrin were used in IOO C.C. portions of solution at 40° C.: That acid molecules are not necessarily inhibitory in peptolysis is shown clearly by the appended results of an experiment similar to the one just referred to, but in which acetic acid was used instead of sulfuric acid.

THE BLOOD IN PNEUMONIA.

In discussing this aspect of the question before the Section I shall address myself only to the clinical examinations of the blood possible to the general practitioner. The bacteriologist has been able to isolate the pneumococcus from the blood of pneumonic cases, especially such as are complicated by secondary infectious foci; but this can only be accomplished by skilled investigators and in clinical laboratories. Similarly, the determination of the amount of fibrin in the blood is a matter that must be left to proficient chemists. The French have taught that the quantity of fibrin may be determined by a study of the reticulum formed under a coverglass. This teaching is certainly very far from accurate. Even if the method were reliable, the quantity of fibrin in the blood is of little practical importance. The recent studies of Pfeiffer and others have shown that there is a notably increased amount of fibrin in the blood in leucocytosis, but

An experimental examination of the blood found in the vena portæ

The author, in the course of an inquiry into the properties of the blood, was led to notice some peculiarities in the contents of the vena portæ, and to investigate this subject more minutely. The results of the experiments which he made for this purpose are chiefly the following. The blood contained in the vena portæ is darker than that of the other veins, inclining more to a ruddy hue than to the Modena red. Being less homogeneous, it has the ap­pearance of being less perfectly elaborated. Its specific gravity was found to be very variable, but it is in general less than ordinary venous blood. It coagulates much more quickly, and contains a larger proportion of serum, but a much smaller proportion of al­bumen, than blood taken from other veins. The serum obtained from it is redder than common serum, in consequence of its retain­ing much of the colouring matter of the blood: it has also a greater specific gravity, and yields, on exsiccation, a greater weight of solid matter. On the application of heat, it concretes more quickly, but much less completely, than blood from the jugular vein; which peculiarities are attributed by the author to the different state and imperfect formation of the albumen contained in it. The crassamentum of the blood from the vena portae does not expel its serum so fully as blood from other vessels; but it remains a soft mass, unless artificial means be employed, and it yields a considerably smaller quantity of fibrin. The Ballot for William Snow Harris, Esq., which should have been taken at this Meeting, was postponed to the next Meeting, in consequence of there not being twenty-one Members present. The Society then adjourned over Whitsuntide to the 2nd of June.