Amount Of Ag Research Articles

“Reduction-aggregation” strategy to construct a low-cost and high-efficiency Ag/Al2O3 catalyst for NH3-SCO

Ammonia (NH3) is the main alkaline gas in the atmosphere and neutralizes acidic gases to form haze. Ag-based catalysts are widely used in the field of ammonia selective catalytic oxidation (NH3-SCO) due to their low cost and high efficiency. However, Ag-based catalysts with high activity at low temperatures are usually loaded with large amounts of Ag. To further reduce the cost of Ag-based catalysts, we used a “reduction-aggregation” strategy to aggregate isolated Ag atoms that were highly dispersed into Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) so that more active centers could be exposed under low Ag loading conditions. Significant AgNPs size effects in the NH3-SCO reaction were found, including the effect of AgNPs size on catalyst activity and stability. Finally, novel Ag/Al2O3 catalysts with high efficiency and stability were developed at a low Ag loading of 1 wt % and achieved better NH3-SCO performance than 10% Ag/Al2O3, which significantly reduced the catalyst cost.

Increasing bromide removal by graphene-silver nanocomposites: Nanoparticulate silver enhances bromide selectivity through direct surface interactions

Bromide forms toxic brominated disinfection by-products during disinfection. Current bromide removal technologies are often non-specific and costly due to naturally occurring competing anions. A silver-impregnated graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposite is reported here that reduced the amount of Ag needed for Br− removal by increasing its selectivity towards Br−. GO was impregnated with ionic (GO-Ag+) or nanoparticulate Ag (GO-nAg) and compared against Ag+ or unsupported nAg to identify molecular level interactions. In nanopure water, Ag+ and nAg had the highest Br− removal (∼0.89 mol Br−/mol Ag+) followed by GO-nAg at 0.77 mol Br−/mol Ag+. However, under anionic competition, the Ag+ removal was reduced to 0.10 mol Br−/mol Ag+ while all nAg forms retained good Br− removal. To understand the removal mechanism, anoxic experiments were performed to prevent nAg dissolution, which resulted in higher Br− removal for all nAg forms compared to oxic conditions. This suggests that reaction of Br− with the nAg surface is more selective than with Ag+. Finally, jar tests showed that anchoring nAg on GO enhances Ag removal during coagulation/flocculation/sedimentation compared to unsupported nAg or Ag+. Thus, our results identify strategies that can be used to design selective and silver-efficient adsorbents for Br− removal in water treatment.

Pyrite Textures and Compositions in the Dunbasitao Gold Deposit, NW China: Implications for Ore Genesis and Gold Mineralization Processes

The process and mechanism of gold mineralization are frontier issues. The Dunbasitao deposit is the most important gold deposit discovered along the Armantai suture zone, East Junggar, NW China, which indicates the potential for future ore exploration in this area. Orebodies are mainly hosted in Lower Carboniferous Jiangbasitao Formation volcano-sedimentary rocks, and the ores are characterized by multistage pyrites. Based on microscopy and backscattered electron imaging studies, pyrites are classified into five types: the pre-ore framboidal/colloidal Py0; the early-stage coarse-grained, cubic, and homogeneous Py1; and the middle-stage fine-grained, cubic/pyritohedron Py2 that includes Py2a (core), Py2b (mantle), and Py2c (rim). The results of the EPMA and in situ LA-ICP-MS analyses show that trace elements of pyrite mainly occur in two forms: solid solutions and invisible or visible inclusions. Mn, Co, Ni, and As enter the pyrite lattice, whereas Ti occurs as mineral inclusions, and Au, Cu, Zn, Sb, and Pb can occur in both forms. Au and As show a positive linear relationship with r = 0.850. Py2b has much higher Au contents (20.1 to 201 ppm) than other pyrite types (Py0: 0.01 to 0.36 ppm; Py1: 0.01 to 0.02 ppm; Py2a: 0.31 to 2.48 ppm; and Py2c: 0.18 to 18.0 ppm). The Dunbasitao deposit is classified as an orogenic gold deposit using the two latest machine learning classifiers based on pyrite trace element data. Fluid immiscibility, sudden cooling, and the substitution of S1− with As1− might be crucial mechanisms leading to Au precipitation. Initial ore-forming fluids brought major amounts of As, Au, Co, Ni, Se, Zn, Ag, Cd, Sn, and other elements, and the Jiangbasitao Formation host rocks contributed a certain amount of As, Ni, Cu, Sb, Pb, and Bi, at least.

Synthesis of crystalline silver niobate thin films opening pathways for future process development

Due to its high energy storage density at room temperature, silver niobate (AgNbO3) is one of the most promising lead-free dielectric perovskites for energy storage applications. In this work, reactive d.c. magnetron co-sputtering from Nb and Ag targets in Ar–O2 atmosphere at different substrate temperatures is employed to identify a process window for the synthesis of AgNbO3 thin films. Structural analysis by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy confirmed the formation of AgNbO3 at deposition temperatures of at least 550 °C or at post-annealing in ambient air at temperatures of at least 525 °C. Even though all deposited films contained a non-negligible amount of metallic Ag, an undesired inhomogeneity for the intended use of the films as antiferroelectric material in energy storage applications, the current work clearly shows the potential of reactive d.c. magnetron sputtering for the synthesis of lead-free crystalline perovskite thin films based on AgNbO3 and, hereby, opens pathways for future deposition process scalability.

Fabrication and characterization of silver-substituted bioactiveglass incorporated with sodium alginate and graphene oxide

The temporary scaffold is fabricated as an adherent material for the implanted cells and physical support to direct the construction of the substitute tissues, with have high porous surface, large surface/volume ratio, high mechanical features, biocompatible, and biodegradable properties. This study aims to prepare a scaffold of bioactive glass(BG)/sodium alginate(SA)/graphene oxide(GO) composite doped with different concentrations of silver (Ag) nanoparticles with a sol-gel method. The obtained composites were evaluated by a variety of techniques (TGA, DSC, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDXA). Through an invitro test using simulated body fluid (SBF), the bioactivity of each specimen was investigated. Gram-positive bacteria were investigated for antimicrobial activity utilizing the agar diffusion method, such as (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis), gram-negative bacteria including (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli), and fungi (Candida albicans). The bioactivity findings revealed that the surface of the prepared scaffold had formed a layer of hydroxyapatite (HA) as the amount of Ag was raised to (2%). This layer grew but decreased in (3%) and (4%) of Ag concentration, which assures the bioactivity of the prepared samples. The anti-microbial results exhibited a clearing inhibition zone around the samples which confirms the influence of silver doped composites on the proliferation of bacteria and fungi.

Controlling Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activities of Ag@Pt Core–Shell Nanoparticles Via Tuning of Ag in the Surface Layer

Pt layer thickness in [email protected] core-shell nanoparticles prepared via the seeded-growth method can be controlled in the synthesis stage. However, their oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity is not solely dependent on the Pt overlayer. Ag is present in the Pt shell and the ORR kinetics are facilitated by increasing the Pt shell thickness with a lessened Ag amount on the surface. More details can be found in article number 2201167, Önder Metin, Sarp Kaya, and co-workers.

Effect of Ag content on the nanostructure and antimicrobial activity of CeO2.

The morphological and antibacterial effects of CeO2 nanoparticles (NPs) with different amounts of Ag precursor were studied. The samples were synthesized with different percentages of silver nitrate content by co-precipitation method. The cerium nitrate hexahydrate was a precursor of Ce reagent, polyvinylpyrrolidone as dispersant agent, and ammonium hydroxide as a precipitating agent. The obtained particles were annealed at 400°C and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and N2 physisorption. The particles show high crystallinity, whose size decreases slightly by the effect of Ag precursor incorporation. These particle morphologies studied by SEM and TEM revealed the spherical shape of CeO2 NPs. Furthermore, the Ag particles were observed with a size of around 30nm. Selected area electron diffraction patterns confirm the cubic structure of CeO2, also the cubic structure of Ag particles. Besides, it was determined that Ag incorporation has no significant influence on the textural properties of NPs. In addition, the antibacterial activity was evaluated against gram-negative and gram-positive microorganisms. The quantitative results showed that the antimicrobial activity increased depending on the Ag amount incorporated, reaching up to 99.999% of the growing reduction rate.

Fabrication of polyvinylidene fluoride and acylthiourea composite membrane and its adsorption performance and mechanism on silver ions

Silver-containing wastewater poses a great threat to the surrounding living areas due to its toxicity and non-biodegradable. In this study, a novel polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)-based composite membrane (PVDF/BDBTU) was fabricated by blending PVDF and N-benzoyl-N′,N′-dibutyl thiourea (BDBTU) for the enrichment of Ag+ ions from the aqueous solution. The structure and morphology of the membrane were characterized using FTIR, XPS, AFM and SEM, and its adsorption performances for Ag+ ions were deeply studied. The results revealed that the adsorption amount of Ag+ ions adsorbed by the membrane was 1.45 mmol/g at pH 6.0, and the adsorption can be described very well by the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir models, respectively, showing a monolayer chemisorption process. The coexisting substances had little impact on the adsorption of PVDF/BDBTU membrane to Ag+ ions, suggesting an excellent adsorption selectivity to Ag+ ions. In addition, the membrane showed a noticeable reusability for Ag+ ions since no significant loss in adsorption capacity was observed after ten cycles of adsorption-desorption. The adsorption mechanism elucidated that the binding reaction between the CO and CS groups in BDBTU and Ag+ ions contributed to the adsorption of Ag+ ions onto the PVDF/BDBTU membrane surface, as confirmed by FTIR, XPS and DFT calculation.

Peroxidase-like MoS2/Ag nanosheets with synergistically enhanced NIR-responsive antibacterial activities.

Pathogenic microbial infections have been threatening public health all over the world, which makes it highly desirable to develop an antibiotics-free material for bacterial infection. In this paper, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets loaded with silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) were constructed to inactive bacteria rapidly and efficiently in a short period under a near infrared (NIR) laser (660nm) in the presence of H2O2. The designed material presented favorable features of peroxidase-like ability and photodynamic property, which endowed it with fascinating antimicrobial capacity. Compared with free MoS2 nanosheets, the MoS2/Ag nanosheets (denoted as MoS2/Ag NSs) exhibited better antibacterial performance against Staphylococcus aureus by the generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) from both peroxidase-like catalysis and photodynamic, and the antibacterial efficiency of MoS2/Ag NSs could be further improved by increasing the amount of Ag. Results from cell culture tests proved that MoS2/Ag3 nanosheets had a negligible impact on cell growth. This work provided new insight into a promising method for eliminating bacteria without using antibiotics, and could serve as a candidate strategy for efficient disinfection to treat other bacterial infections.

Tunable Selectivity of Photocatalytic Benzyl Alcohol Transformation over Ag-Ion-Exchanged CdS Nanowires

Existing methods for the photocatalytic transformation of aromatic alcohols to value-added products via C–C cross-coupling are inefficient and insufficiently selective. Herein, a series of cadmium sulfide nanowires (CdS NWs) loaded with Ag2S (denoted as Ag2S@CdS NWs) are constructed via a simple Ag+ exchange protocol for the photocatalytic transformation of benzyl alcohol. We successfully demonstrated that the selectivity toward specific products in the photocatalytic transformation of benzyl alcohol over Ag+-exchanged CdS NWs is controlled by varying the amount of exchanged Ag+ ions. Notably, the product of the photocatalytic reaction was dependent on the amount of Ag+ ions exchanged: with a Ag+ exchange of <5 mol %, the C–C coupling product was obtained with >90% selectivity and >95% transformation yield owing to photoinduced electron transfer from the conduction band of CdS to Ag2S. Conversely, with a Ag+ exchange of >7 mol %, a cocatalyst in which Ag2S and Ag are mixed was produced, and benzaldehyde was obtained with >90% selectivity and >90% transformation yield because of photoinduced hole transfer from the valence band of CdS to Ag2S/Ag. This study proves that Ag2S@CdS NWs can be used as a basis for the development of heterojunction photocatalysts for the conversion of aromatic alcohols into value-added products via C–C cross-coupling reactions or photooxidation toward aromatic aldehyde.

Green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles using turmeric extract and its enhanced photocatalytic activity under visible light

Green chemistry is considered a feasible alternative to traditional chemistry and can be applied to the synthesizing of nanomaterials. The current work employed a reducing agent derived from turmeric extract to design an environmentally friendly and cost-effective plant-mediated method for producing silver-doped titanium dioxide (Ag-TiO2) for the photodegradation of methylene blue (MB). The green synthesis of Ag-TiO2 was carried out utilizing a dry and wet ball milling sol-gel method with turmeric extract. The effect of varying Ag concentrations in Ag-TiO2 on MB degradation was investigated. According to our findings, the optimal amount of Ag on TiO2 modification resulted in an increase in surface area, an improvement in visible light absorption, and a decrease in the TiO2 bandgap. X-ray absorption spectroscopy results showed the presence of Ag+ in the TiO2 structure, indicating Ag substitution and oxygen vacancy formation in TiO2. Ag NPs could considerably increase the electron–hole separation and enhance the photocatalytic efficiency of the Ag-TiO2. The 3 %Ag-TiO2 provided the highest photocatalytic activity for 80 % MB degradation under visible light for 9 h. The method presented here leads to a straightforward and environmentally benign route to make visible-light-active Ag-TiO2 nanoparticles and can be used for treatment of wastewater.

Controlling Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activities of Ag@Pt Core–Shell Nanoparticles Via Tuning of Ag in the Surface Layer

Herein, the effect of Pt shell thickness and Ag content in the surface layer on the oxygen reduction reaction activities of Ag@Pt core@shell nanoparticles (NPs) is discussed. Ag@Pt NPs are synthesized via the seeded‐growth method, where colloidal Ag NPs are first synthesized and used as seeds for the growth of Pt. Electrochemical activity measurements in alkaline media show a remarkable dependency between the Ag content in the shell and the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity, where the overpotentials required for −1.0 mA cm−2 drop gradually, that is, 0.72, 0.77, and 0.80 V RHE for Ag@Pt‐25, Ag@Pt‐35, and Ag@Pt‐45, respectively. Tafel analysis also confirms this dependency with 73.5 mV dec−1 for Ag@Pt‐25, 71.3 mV dec−1 for Ag@Pt‐35, and 68.8 mV dec−1 for Ag@Pt‐45. A combination of the high‐resolution transmission electron microscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X‐Ray diffraction analysis shows an increase of the Pt shell thickness. It is shown that the absence of Pt‐H adsorption/desorption peaks in cyclic voltammetry of Ag@Pt NPs is correlated with Ag in the surface layer, which plays an important role in the ORR activity due to the blockage of Pt(111) terrace sites. Rate‐limiting first‐electron transfer to oxygen is facilitated by decreasing Ag amount at the surface.

Silver ions immobilized on thiourea/formaldehyde resin for solid phase extraction of iodide ions from aqueous solution

Iodine has been found to have considerable effects on tropospheric photochemistry, which in turn affects climate by lowering ozone's radiative forcing and air quality by lowering extreme O3 concentrations in polluted areas. The majority of the iodine that naturally occurs in the water is in the form of aqueous iodide and iodate. To extract iodide from the aqueous solution, thiourea-formaldehyde resin (TF) was prepared by condensation polymerization and then loaded with Ag(I) ions (Ag-TF). TF resin was characterized by a specific surface area close to 111.3 m2 g−1, and nitrogen and sulphur content of 20.57 and 10.01 mmol g−1, respectively. After calculation of the adsorbed amount of Ag(I) ions, the prepared Ag-TF adsorbent was introduced for the solid phase extraction of iodide anions under various operational parameters of pH (e.g., 1.6 – 10.7), adsorbent dose (e.g., 0.5 – 5.0 g L−1), primary iodide concentrations (e.g., 0.075 – 3.96 mmol L−1), and residence time (e.g., 5 – 400 min), and sonication time (e.g., 5–45 min). The findings revealed that the adsorption of iodide onto as-produced TF adsorbent was matched with the Langmuir model with a prominent loading capacity of 1.26 mmol g−1, under an optimized pH value of 2.7. The study of uptake kinetics investigates the influence of the mode of agitation; comparing more specifically the performance of mechanical agitation with those obtained with ultrasonication (at frequencies of 37 and 80 kHz). The ultra-sonication treatment decreased interestingly the adsorption equilibrium time from 400 min to only 45 min. Overall, the present study illustrates the susceptibility of Ag-TF adsorbent as a promising material for the efficient elimination of I− anions from an aqueous medium.

BCN nanostructures conjugated nanoporous carbon with oxygenated surface and high specific surface area for enhanced CO2 capture and supercapacitance

Porous carbons, owing to their fascinating properties, are materials of high interest in several fields including gas capture and energy storage. The conjugation of nanostructures such as BCN and surface functionalization is a creative approach to enhance their application potential. However, maintaining high porosity along with the creation of such features is rather complicated. Herein, we report on BCN conjugated nanoporous carbons with the high specific surface area through a unique approach of integrating the synthesis method of BCN and nanoporous carbon with chemical activation. In this approach, the high nitrogen containing precursor, aminoguanidine was mixed with boric acid, casein, and potassium acetate at 900 °C. The characterization data revealed the existence of BCN nanostructures in nanoporous carbon with a high specific surface area (2991 m2 g−1) and oxygen functional groups. The BCN content and the physicochemical properties of the hybrids can be easily tuned by varying the amount of AG in the synthesis mixture. The optimized sample exhibited a high CO2 adsorption capacity of 23.25 mmol g−1 at 0 °C and 30 bar and a high specific capacitance of 182.5 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 with exceptional stability and low resistance in a three-electrode supercapacitor system. The superior performance of synthesized materials for intended applications can be attributed to the synergetic effect of unique porous characteristics, BCN conjugation, and oxygen functionalization in nanoporous carbon. These exceptional results make this facile method of BCN conjugation of porous carbon a highly useful pathway to synthesize a variety of hybrid nanoporous carbon nanostructures for adsorption using such materials, the use of which can further be extended to more applications.

Synthesis of Ag and Mn/ZnO nanoparticles using a hydrothermal method - A brief study and their role in the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose in alkaline media

Ag and Mn/ZnO were synthesized via a low-temperature hydrothermal process and applied as glucose oxidation reaction (GOR) catalysts. The sample characterization was performed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), which revealed homogenous clustered nanoparticles for synthesized materials. The various amounts of Ag and Mn were loaded in ZnO nanostructure and their electrocatalytic effect on GOR was investigated by electrochemical techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in an alkaline solution containing 3 mM glucose and 0.1 M NaOH. The Ag/ZnO and Mn/ZnO with 50% and 60% loading, respectively, were identified as the best electrocatalysts. The experimental data showed that the larger effective surface area of Ag/ZnO-50 (6.9 cm2) and Mn/ZnO-60 (9.25 cm2) accompanied by faster glucose diffusion coefficient due to the effective impact of Ag and Mn loading on the ZnO nanostructure improved the GOR for Ag/ZnO-50 and Mn/ZnO-60 compared to the ZnO.

State-of-the-Art Developments in Advanced Hard Ceramic Coatings Using PVD Techniques for High-Temperature Tribological Applications

Hard and wear-resistant coatings created utilizing physical vapor deposition (PVD) techniques are extensively used in extreme tribological applications. The friction and wear behavior of coatings vary significantly with temperature, indicating that advanced coating concepts are essential for prolonged load-bearing applications. Many coating concepts have recently been explored in this area, including multicomponent, multilayer, gradient coatings; high entropy alloy (HEA) nitride; and functionally modified coatings. In this review, we highlighted the most significant findings from ongoing research to comprehend crucial coating properties and design aspects. To obtain enhanced tribological properties, the microstructure, composition, residual stress, hardness, and HT oxidation resistance are tuned through doping or addition of appropriate materials at an optimized level into the primary coatings. Such improvements are achieved by optimizing PVD process parameters such as input power, partial pressure, reactive gas flow rates, substrate bias, and temperature. The incorporation of ideal amounts of Si, Cr, Mo, W, Ag, and Cu into ternary and quaternary coatings, as well as unique multilayer designs, considerably increases the tribological performance of the coatings. Recent discoveries show that not only mechanical hardness and fracture toughness govern wear resistance, but also that oxidation at HT plays a significant role in the lubrication or wear failure of coatings. The tribo-induced metal oxides and/or Magnéli phases concentrated in the tribolayer are the key governing factors of friction and wear behavior at high temperatures. This review includes detailed insights into the advancements in wear resistance as well as various failure mechanisms associated with temperature changes.

Mechanical Properties, Biocompatibility and Antibacterial Behaviors of TaO0.2N0.8 and TaO0.2N0.8-Ag Nanocomposite Thin Coatings

TaOx = 0.2Ny = 0.8 was reported previously to have the highest modulus (E), hardness (H), and H to E ratio attributed to the embedment of substituting oxygen atoms in the TaN crystal structure, among some TaOxNy coatings studied. In the present study, TaO0.2N0.8-Ag nanocomposite coatings were fabricated by reactive multi-target sputtering with O/N ratio adjusted to the expected value. The various Ag contents were doped to induce antibacterial behaviors. After deposition and annealing with rapid thermal process (RTP) at 400 °C for 4 min, the coatings’ mechanical and structural properties were studied. After these examinations, the samples were then studied for their cell attachment, cell viability, and biocompatibility with 3-T-3 cells, as well as for their antibacterial behaviors against Escherichia coli. It appeared that hardness and crack resistance could be improved further with suitable amount of Ag doped to the coatings, followed by rapid thermal annealing treatment. The coating with 1.5 at. % Ag had the highest hardness and good H/E ratio. It was also found that the antibacterial efficiency of TaO0.2N0.8-Ag coatings could be much improved, comparing with that of TaO0.2N0.8 coatings. The antibacterial efficiency increased with the increased Ag contents. There was no negative effect of Ag on the biocompatibility of TaO0.2N0.8-Ag. Through the cell attachment and viability testing using MTT(3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assay, it can be summarized that surface roughness could be the dominating factor for cell viability and attachment, which means the improvement of biocompatibility. Accordingly, the samples with 1.5 at. % and 11.0 at. % Ag show the best biocompatibility. The variation of surface roughness was affected by the incorporation of Ag and oxygen atoms after rapid thermal annealing.

Material AgInSe2 originated from strong acoustic phonon scattering

The chalcopyrite system, which consists of ABC2 (where A can be Cu or Ag, B can be Ga or In, and C can be Se or Te), has potential uses in thermoelectric applications. However, the lack of high-performance n-type chalcopyrite thermoelectric has hindered their practical application. This study presents a new method for inhibiting cation vacancy in AgInSe2, achieved through the addition of excessive amounts of Ag and Br doping, which further increases electronic concentration. The resulting n-type material, Ag1.03InSe1.99Br0.01, exhibited superior thermoelectric performance at high temperatures, with a ZT of 1.2 at 900 K and an average ZT of 0.75 within a temperature range of 600-900 K. The remarkable thermal performance of this material is mainly due to its extremely low lattice thermal conductivity, which is attributed to the quartic anharmonicity and nondispersive phonon dispersion relation. These findings provide new insights into developing high-performance n-type chalcopyrite thermoelectric for practical use in energy conversion technologies.

Isoprene selective hydrogenation using AgCu-promoted Pd nanoalloys.

Alloying is an effective approach to improve the catalysis performance of Pd-based catalysts for the selective hydrogenation of diolefins towards monoolefines. Herein, PdAgCu ternary nanoalloy catalysts were synthesised by a stepwise impregnation method for isoprene selective hydrogenation. The addition of a moderate amount of Ag and Cu to Pd significantly enhances the isoamylene selectivity in the isoprene hydrogenation, and decreases the non-desired over-hydrogenation. In addition, the loading molar ratio of PdAgCu with 3 : 2 : 3 as the optimal ternary nanoalloy composition maximizes the isoprene conversion (98%) and the monoolefins yield (92%). The surface structure of the catalyst was probed using H2-TPR, TEM, XRD, and XPS characterization methods, and it was confirmed that the surface Pd composition ratio between the metallic and oxidized states shows significant effects on the monoolefines yield. This work demonstrates the advantages of PdAgCu ternary nanoalloy catalysts for isoprene selective hydrogenation, which also provides guidelines for the development of other Pd-based ternary nanoalloys for diolefins selective hydrogenation.

Reforming material chemistry of CIGS solar cells via a precise Ag doping strategy

The addition of small amounts of Ag to Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) absorbers improves the device performance of CIGS solar cells by changing the film microstructure, alkali distribution, and electrostatic conditions of CIGS.