Amount Of Unbalance Research Articles

Dynamics and stability analysis of unbalance responses in mid‐positioned electrically assisted turbocharger rotor

AbstractElectrically assisted turbochargers (EAT) improve intake efficiency by motor‐assisted compressor impeller rotation, enhancing the system's transient response. However, the addition of motor rotor components has increased the number of unbalanced positions in the shaft system, leading to problems such as excessive compressor end vibration and complex changes in oil film stability. To evaluate the effects of unbalance in the motor rotor, along with the parameters of floating ring bearings (FRB), on the dynamic response of EAT, a finite element model of an EAT rotor supported by nonlinear FRB is developed, and the vibration response of the compressor end bearing is obtained by numerical integration. The results indicate: (1) In contrast to the effect of compressor and turbine unbalance, proper motor rotor unbalance is more effective in suppressing oil whirl instability in the high‐speed operating range. However, a new inner oil film whirl “instability interval” is also induced in the low‐speed operating range, leading to an increase in the Y1 compressor‐end amplitude at low and medium speeds, and this “instability interval” increases with the amount of unbalance. (2) When an oil whirl occurs in the oil film, the maximum eccentricity of the bearing surges and is greater than 0.3, which can be used as an effective threshold for determining whether the oil film is unstable in engineering applications. (3) A suitable outer oil‐film clearance range should be , otherwise, a wide range of outer oil‐film whirl instability occurs. Controlling the amount of unbalance and oil‐film clearance to suppress the sub‐synchronous vibration of the EAT, provides a theoretical basis for the design of the dynamics of the nonlinear rotor bearing system and improves the stability of the turbocharger's operation.

Dynamic balancing of rigid rotors by the influence coefficient method

Applied to rigid rotors, the influence coefficient method is the most adaptable method for rotor dynamic balancing because it uses only experimental information. The sole requirement for balancing rotors with this method is that there exists proportionality between mass unbalance located at correction planes and vibration measured at measuring planes. Hence, the rotors only need to be described by correction and measuring planes. The sensitivity of the measuring planes compared to the correction planes determines the response of the amount of unbalance for a specified rotation speed. The paper aims to describe in detail the experiment for dynamic balancing of rotors to verify the influence coefficient method. The direct calibration on two-plane rigid rotor using this method showed that a significant reduction of unbalances can be obtained. The results can be helpful for the design and safety assessment of dynamic systems equipped with rotors for marine engineering. Keywords: Rotor dynamic balancing, influence coefficient method, residual unbalances, Discrete Fourier Transform

Design and test of tangential and longitudinal-axial threshing and separating unit for wheat

To achieve low loss and efficient wheat harvest in the Huanghuaihai region of China, this paper designed a tangential and longitudinal-axial threshing and separating unit (TLTSU). Key components such as the tangential threshing rotor (TTR), longitudinal-axial threshing rotor (LTR), and tangential concave were designed. Dynamic balance simulation of the threshing rotors was done to obtain the reaction forces at supporting ends of the threshing rotors and the amount of unbalance, and the amount of unbalance of the LTR was corrected to meet the standard requirement. Response surface optimization experiments of wheat threshing were conducted using throughput, TTR speed, and LTR speed as influencing factors and entrainment loss rate and impurity rate as test indicators. The regression models for the threshing device's entrainment loss rate and impurity rates were established. Through multi-objective parameter optimization analysis, the optimal threshing parameter combination for TLTSU was determined to be throughput of 8 kg s−1, TTR speed of 557 r·min−1, and LTR speed of 900 r·min−1. A validation experiment was conducted on this parameter combination, and the results showed that the entrainment loss rate was 0.27 % and the impurity rate was 28.23 %. The relative errors between the evaluation indicators and the predicted values of their regression models were 3.85 % and 1.4 %, respectively, which were less than 5 %, which proved the correctness of the regression model and provided a reference for the design of threshing and separating unit of wheat combine harvester.

The Nonlinear Dynamic Characteristics of an Industrial Turbine Engine with Eccentric Squeeze Film Dampers

Squeeze film dampers are often used to suppress vibration in turbine engines and play an important role in rotor systems. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of an industrial turbine engine fitted with squeeze film dampers are investigated with the static eccentricity of the SFDs. A recently developed time domain technique that combines the finite element method and the fixed interface modal synthesis method is applied to predict the nonlinear unbalance response of the industrial turbine engine under different unbalanced and static eccentricity configurations. By comparing the results obtained using SFDs with and without static eccentricity, it can be concluded that increasing the static eccentricity of the SFDs promotes non-periodic motion, while an increase in the unbalance level promotes the jump phenomenon. The efficiency of the rotor system would improve with an appropriate amount of unbalance applied to compressor IV, resulting in a reduction in the vibration level. If static sprung eccentricity occurs, the center of the journal orbit would be offset from the SFD center, rendering it inefficient or even leading to rub impact. Therefore, it is crucial to control the static eccentricity of the SFDs for optimal performance. The time domain technique is verified by the experimental results reported in the literature.

Inventory Information System: Optimizing Inventory Management for Company Business Sustainability

This research aims to investigate and describe the impact of implementing the Inventory Information System (SIPB) in optimizing inventory management, focusing on efforts to improve the company's business sustainability. The specific research objectives include analyzing operational efficiency, evaluating the impact on customer service, assessing business sustainability, identifying challenges and obstacles, and providing a conceptual framework for sustainability. Lalumiere Aesthetics Clinic is a clinic that operates in the field of beauty. One of the activities is inputting incoming and outgoing goods. At the clinic, there is often a shortage of medicine stock in the warehouse, which overwhelms the staff, and there is often an unbalanced amount of stock and the number of goods out, causing many losses to the clinic. So a system is needed that can overcome this problem. After reviewing it again, inventory management at the Lalumiere clinic is still done manually. That is, incoming and outgoing goods are written in a notebook. Hence, errors often occur, such as the number of goods needing to be balanced, causing the company to experience losses. The research method used is a literature study to understand the basic concepts of inventory information systems and the use of Laravel as a website application development framework. Prototype Development to design and develop a prototype inventory information system using Laravel as the main framework. The research results show that implementing an inventory information system using Laravel has increased the company's operational efficiency. Recording, monitoring, and managing inventory becomes more structured and automated, reducing the time required for routine tasks.

A Tacholess Order Tracking Method Based on the STFTSC Algorithm for Rotor Unbalance Fault Diagnosis Under Variable-Speed Conditions

Abstract Due to the fact that rotors usually operate in a non-stationary mode with changing speeds, the conventional rotor unbalance detection method based on the stationary signal will produce a major “spectrum ambiguity issue” and affect the accuracy of rotor unbalance detection. To this end, a tacholess order tracking method based on the STFTSC algorithm is suggested in this study, where the STFTSC algorithm is developed by combining the short-time Fourier transform and the seam carving algorithm. First, the STFTSC algorithm is utilized to accurately extract the instantaneous frequency (IF) of the rotor and calculate the instantaneous phase under variable-speed conditions. Subsequently, the original signal is resampled in the angular domain to transform the non-stationary time domain signal into a stable angle domain signal, eliminating the effect of the speed variations. Finally, the angular domain signal is transformed into the order domain signal, which uses the discrete Fourier transform and the discrete spectrum correction method to identify the amplitude and phase corresponding to the fundamental frequency component of the signal. The simulation results show that the IF extracted by the STFTSC algorithm has higher extraction accuracy compared with the traditional STFT spectral peak detection method and effectively eliminates the effect of speed fluctuations. A rotor dynamic-balancing experiment shows that the unbalance correction effect based on the STFTSC algorithm is remarkable, with the average unbalance amount decrease rate on the left and right sides being 90.02% and 92.56%, respectively, after a single correction.

The Improvements of Ballistic Characteristics of Artillery Projectiles of 152 and 155 mm Calibers

The existing methods of manufacturing artillery projectiles with calibration and markingonly in one parameter for measuring the total mass by statically weighing do not take into accountthe dynamics when a projectile moves in the air, namely, the dynamic unbalance of the mass owing tounevenly distributing the mass throughout the geometric shape of the projectile. When flying alonga ballistic trajectory, projectiles rotate in the air with a high angular velocity in the range of 200–500rev/min and, therefore, they are similar in the dynamics of the rotating motion to the rotation of rigidrotors. Based on the presence of manufacturing tolerances in the metalworking of the body, artilleryprojectiles can have dynamic unbalance and a large amount of unbalance, which can exceed theallowable norm for rigid rotors by 15–20 times and unpredictably affect the dynamics of a projectilewhen moving along a ballistic trajectory. The solution to this problem is seen in the improvement ofthe methods being used for manufacturing artillery projectiles by performing an additional manufacturingoperation for correcting (diminishing) the unbalance vector, which will reduce the lateraldeviation and drift of the projectiles in flight as well as stabilize their dynamic parameters whenmoving along a ballistic trajectory in the air, and that will certainly lead to an increase in the rangeof the projectiles and enhancement of the accuracy of hitting the target. The article proposes severaloptions for the practical implementation of the manufacturing operation for correcting the unbalancevector of projectiles in one plane. When applying the method of balancing the projectiles by addingmissing metal (mass), it is proposed to place the corrective weight in a special “corrective groove” onthe outer surface of the projectile body, which can be preliminarily made on a metalworking machineduring the general processing of the projectile body. To ensure the strength of fixing in the grooves ofthe corrective weights from the influence of the pressure of powder gases on them when firing froma gun, it is proposed to make the geometrical profile of the groove in the cross section of a trapezoidalshape of the dovetail type. When applying the method of removing excess metal (mass), it is proposedto make holes on the outer surface of the projectile body by milling (or drilling). The mass and place (angle) of the correction, the geometric dimensions, and the number of corrective weights or correctiveholes shall be preliminarily determined in the course of balancing the projectiles on a balancingstand. It is proposed to introduce the marking of projectiles in five classes through two parametersof mass and their deviations from the norm: the first of which is the measurement of the total massof the projectile in statics, and the second one is the measurement of unbalance of the mass of theprojectile in the form of the amount of unbalance in dynamics.Keywords: projectiles, ballistic characteristics, balancing, calibrating, unbalance vector

IMPLEMENTATION OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORK WITH BACKPROPAGATION ALGORITHM FOR RATING CLASSIFICATION ON SALES OF BLACKMORES IN TOKOPEDIA

The rating assessment classification contains feedback from consumers, which is given in the form of stars which aims to assess a product. However, the amount of data in the classification process often have differences in each class or is called an imbalanced dataset. These problems can affect the classification results. An imbalanced dataset can be overcome by applying random oversampling. To classify the rating assessment, this study proposes the Neural network method, which has a good accuracy level with the backpropagation algorithm and applies random oversampling to overcome the unbalanced amount of data. The results indicate that the neural network method with the backpropagation algorithm can classify the available data with an accuracy level of 85%. The application of resampling data using random oversampling and determining the amount of distribution of training data, testing data, number of epochs and the correct number of batch sizes affect the results obtained.

Distributed Dual Averaging Based Data Clustering

Multiagent distributed clustering scheme is proposed herein to process data which are collected by dispersed sensors that are not under centralized control. Two methods based on distributed dual averaging (DDA) algorithm are proposed, which are able to incorporate network structure and do not require exchange of centroid estimates, which makes it appealing for security conscious applications. The first method provides the framework for distributed clustering using the DDA algorithm with predefined regularization parameter. The second method, called Adaptive DDA (ADDA), relaxes the condition concerning <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</i> knowledge about the centroids, assumed in the first method, without losing clustering performance. This is achieved by properly regularizing the problem where a data-driven approach is used to determine the regularization parameter. The proposed methods are further extended via the proposed Bin method to scenario where processing agents store unbalanced amount of data with non-IID class distribution. Experiments are conducted on both real-life and synthetic data. Numerical results show the efficacy of the proposed approaches compared to state-of-art centralized algorithm and other distributed approaches.

Research on intelligent assembly method of aero-engine multi-stage rotors based on SVM and variable-step AFSA-BP neural network

The quality of the aero-engine rotors assembly determines the overall performance of the engine. Aiming at the problems of rotors assembly with different plane types, we proposes a rotor plane classification method based on SVM by using the profile data of PCA dimension reduction. Meanwhile, for the unilateral-tilt plane rotors, the three-objective rotors assembly method of coaxiality, unbalance amount and perpendicularity based on the rigid rotor model is established. For the hyperbolic paraboloid rotors, an intelligent assembly method based on AFSA-BP neural network for coaxiality, unbalance amount and perpendicularity is established. The experiment is based on the double-column ultra-precision measuring instrument and V4L vertical balancing machine and HL5UB horizontal balancing machine to measure rotors geometry and unbalance data. The experimental results show that the plane type classification accuracy can reach 99 %. The prediction error of the coaxiality of the unilateral-tilt plane rotors assembly is 5.1 μm, the prediction error of the unbalance amount is 196 g·mm, and the prediction error of the perpendicularity is 0.6 μm. The average prediction error of the coaxiality of the hyperbolic paraboloid rotors assembly is 0.9 μm, and the average prediction error of the unbalance amount is 73 g·mm, and the average prediction error of the perpendicularity is 0.2 μm. Our method provides a reliable assembly solution for aero-engine rotors assembly and meets actual assembly requirements.

Vibration Characteristics Analysis of O-Shaped Damping Ring to Balance Damping Gear Transmission System for Three-Cylinder Engine

Balance shafts are often used to improve the engine vibration characteristics of three-cylinder engines. The balance damping gear with a damping ring is an important part connecting the crankshaft and the balance shaft transmission. The stiffness characteristics of the damping ring and the unbalance of the gear have an important influence on its vibration suppression performance, but the coupled influence of the stiffness characteristics of the damping ring and the unbalanced characteristics of the vibration damping gear is unknown. In this paper, a multi-body dynamic bending–torsional coupling model of the transmission system of a three-cylinder engine with a balance damping gear is constructed considering the equivalent stiffness of the balance shaft support. Based on the fourth-order Runge–Kutta method, the influence laws of different rotational speeds, load torques, gear unbalance, radial stiffness and torsional stiffness of the damping ring on the vibration characteristics of the transmission system are obtained. The results show that the vibration amplitude increases linearly with the increase in the rotational speed and the amount of unbalance. As the load torque increases, the noise radiation of the system increases. The change in the equivalent torsional stiffness of the damping ring has little effect on the radial vibration suppression effect of the gear. As the equivalent radial stiffness of the damping ring increases, the vibration suppression rate decreases linearly. Combined with the calculation formula of damping ring stiffness, when the inner and outer diameters of the damping ring are relatively large, the vibration suppression performance decreases sharply with the increase in the thickness of the damping ring. Therefore, in order to achieve a better vibration attenuation effect, the inner to outer diameter ratio of the damping ring should be given priority in the design of the damping gear. Thus, the thickness of the design can meet the requirements of the vibration attenuation performance and a vibration attenuation of more than 90% of the radial vibration can be achieved. The model of the damping ring size and the vibration suppression effect established based on the method presented in this paper can be used to guide the design of balance damping gears.

Nonlinear characteristic investigation of magnetorheological damper-rotor system with local nonlinearity

Magnetorheological (MR) dampers show superior performance in reducing rotor vibration, but their high nonlinearity will cause nonsynchronous response, resulting in fatigue and instability of rotors. Herein, we are devoted to the investigation of the nonlinear characteristics of MR damper mounted on a flexible rotor. First, Reynolds equations with bilinear constitutive equations of MR fluid are employed to derive nonlinear oil film forces. Then, the Finite Element (FE) model of rotor system is developed, where the local nonlinear support forces produced by MR damper and its coupling effects with the rotor are considered. A hybrid numerical method is proposed to solve the nonlinear FE motion equations of the MR damper-rotor system. To validate the proposed model, a rotor test bench with two dual-coil MR dampers is constructed, upon which experimental studies on the dynamic characteristics of MR damper-rotor system are carried out. The effects of different system parameters, including rotational speed, excitation current and amount of unbalance, on nonlinear dynamic behaviors of MR damper-rotor system are evaluated. The results show that the system may appear chaos, jumping, and other complex nonlinear phenomena, and the level of the nonlinearity can be effectively alleviated by applying suitable excitation current and oil supply pressure.

What influences Bangladeshi Boro rice farmers' adoption decisions of recommended fertilizer doses: A case study on Dinajpur district.

Due to the combined effect of biotic and abiotic constraints, rising population pressure, and inelastic demand in the crop and horticulture sector, Bangladesh has had to adopt heavily subsidized and intensified fertilizer policies to enhance crop productivity, achieve and sustain self-sufficiency in food production, and food security provision. Although the initiative has played a vital role in boosting production, it has also invigorated the unbalanced amount of fertilizer application practices raising questions about maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services while feeding the nation’s population. Further research in this area must thus be applied to monitor and improve this sector. This study attempts to understand the issue by investigating the factors influencing Boro rice farmers’ adoption decisions of recommended fertilizer doses. The study employs an ordered probit model with a sample selection approach. The investigation is based on collected data from 405 randomly selected farmers using a face-to-face interview method. The farmers were classified into low, middle, high and non-adopter groups. The study revealed that farmers’ age, land typology, soil water retention, knowledge, and availability of cow dung significantly influenced farmers’ decision to apply fertilizers. However, farmers’ carry an aversion to following recommendations for fertilizer application due to their ambiguity about the whole system, their current fertilizer application-seeking behavior, and the lack of understanding of the environmental benefits of adoption. These issues urge policy interventions to initiate village-based demonstration programs that synthesize better synergies between recommended dose adoption, yield amelioration, sustainable soil care, and economics.

Optimization method based on genetic algorithm for the mass compensation of the rotor on-line dynamic balance system

Abstract The rotor is the key component of the rotary drilling rig, it can realize the rotation and feed movement of the drill. the rotor unit of the rotary drilling rig should take on-line dynamic. Because unbalanced faults would lead to vibration. In order to further improve the pricision of on-line dynamic balance, an optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm for the mass compensation of the rotor on-line dynamic balancing system is proposed. A mass compensation optimization model is established. By the way of taking the phase of counterweight movement as the optimization variable. At the same time,taking the residual stress under dynamic balance as the optimization objective. According to the principle of Genetic Algorithm, the movement phase of the counterweight can be calculated when the residual force reaches the minimum value. By performing simulation analysis, the residual force can be calculated under different rotating speeds and different amount of unbalance, the residual force after optimizing balance can be reduced greatly. The simulation results showed that the residual force of the rotor after optimizing balance can decrease by 95.74% on average. Therefore, an optimization strategy based on Genetic Algorithm for the mass compensation of the rotor can effectively improve dynamic balance precision and operating performance of rotary drilling rig.

Experimental and numerical investigations on an unbalance identification method for full-size rotor system based on scaled model

Perfect balance of rotor systems is difficult to achieved in practical engineering and some amount of unbalance is unavoidable. However, identifying the unbalance value of full-size rotor system is difficult, time-consuming and sometimes dangerous. Aiming at this issue, this paper proposes an unbalance identification method for full-size rotor systems. The unbalance value can be identified through the scaling laws and scaled model, where the scaling laws are developed by incorporating the least squares method and sensitivity analysis. The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the numerical and experimental case studies, where the distortion in geometrical dimension is taken into account. The numerical case identifies the unbalance value of a rotor system and evaluate the identification errors. Furthermore, the experimental testing for the prototype and model test rigs is carried out. The results show that the unbalance values can be accurately identified by the proposed method. This allows one to identify the unbalance value of full-size rotor system through a small scaled model.

Ammonia and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Dairy Cows on Straw-Based Litter Systems

Increasing concerns regarding environmental impacts of animal production require a better understanding of the factors that influence nitrogen (N) excretion by animals and the processes that influence N volatilization into ammonia (NH3) and nitrous oxide (N2O) from manure. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of diet characteristics and climatic factors on manure composition, as well as the resulting NH3 and N2O emissions in the barn and during storage of a straw-based litter system. Two groups of three dairy cows were housed in mechanically ventilated rooms and fed with a grass-based diet (GD) or a total mixed diet (MD). The resulting solid manures were stored in ventilated tunnels. The experiment was conducted in autumn (AUT) and spring (SPR). NH3 and N2O emissions were recorded continuously (28 days in the barn, 85 days for storage). NH3–N emissions in the barn were higher for GD-AUT than for MD-AUT, which was consistent with the larger and unbalanced amount of crude and degradable protein in GD, and corroborated by higher milk urea N contents. More than 80% of the NH3–N volatilization occurred during the first week of manure storage, when the temperature of the manure heap peaked. N2O–N emissions were negligible in the barn. During storage, N2O–N emissions peaked immediately after the first week. Higher N2O–N emissions were related to higher rainfall, which may have increased the moisture content and decreased the temperature of the manure heap, thus generating the conditions necessary for nitrification and denitrification processes.

Gambaran Karakteristik Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 Rawat Inap di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Cirebon Tahun 2019

Diabetes mellitus is a degenerative disease that occurs due to the unbalanced amount of insulin in the body. Diabetes Mellitus is a disease that is hidden before symptoms appear such as hunger, thirst, and frequent urination. Based on data from the Cirebon District Health Office, the number of diabetes mellitus cases in the inpatient hospital in 2015 ranked 10th as much as 1.5%. And in 2018 Pertamina Hospital Cirebon had a total of 250 cases of Diabetes Mellitus patients. The research objective was to describe the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients hospitalized at Pertamina Cirebon Hospital. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sample size in this study used the Slovin formula and obtained 37 respondents. The results showed 94.6% of the patients were more than 39 years old, 54.1% were male, 43.2% had a high school education background, and 29.7% worked as housewives. As many as 51.4% of the patient's knowledge level was high, 78.3% had a bad patient behavior level, and 81.1% had high patient severity. There is a relationship between age, level of education, occupation, descent, and inpatient DM patients at Pertamina Hospital Cirebon.

Comparative Analysis of ADASYN-SVM and SMOTE-SVM Methods on the Detection of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Most people with diabetes in the world are type 2. We can detect diabetes early to prevent things that are not desirable by checking sugar and insulin levels with the doctor. In addition to using this method, people with diabetes can also be grouped based on data from diabetes examination results. However, most of the data on health examination results have several parameters that are difficult for the public to understand. These problems can be done by means of automatic classification. In addition to these problems, there is another problem in the form of an unbalanced amount of data for diabetics and non-diabetics. This problem can be done by balancing the amount of data using the model to increase the ratio of the amount of data that is small or decrease the ratio of the amount of data that is too much. Purpose: This study aims to detect type 2 diabetes mellitus using the SVM classification model and analyze the results of the comparison using the SMOTE and ADASYN data balancing technique which is the best. Methods/Study design/approach: The research method starts from collecting the diabetes dataset, then the dataset cleaning process is carried out whether there is a null value or not. After applying two oversampling methods to analyze which method is the most appropriate. After the oversampling technique was carried out, data classification was carried out using a support vector machine model to see the accuracy results. Result/Findings: The results obtained by the ADASYN-SVM method are superior to SMOTE-SVM. The ADASYNSVM method has an accuracy of 87.3%, while the SMOTE-SVM has an accuracy of 85.4%. Novelty/Originality/Value: The data used in this study came from the Karya Medika clinic, Indonesia which contains parameters related to type 2 diabetes.

Pathological anatomy of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19 according to autopsy materials 2020

Introduction. Organ lesions due to the new coronavirus infection are determined by several factors: direct cytopathic effect of SARS-CoV-2, release of an unbalanced amounts of proinflammatory cytokines leads to systemic damage of the vascular endothelium and increasing hypoxia. These factors in total result in organ dysfunction.Methods and materials. We examined 96 pathological studies’ protocols of patients who died from the PCR-confirmed new coronavirus infection. Histological slides stained with hematoxylin and eosin were also analyzed.Results. Macroscopical and microscopical changes seen mostly in lungs, myocardium and other internal organs were described. We reviewed main causes of death (pulmonary and cardiopulmonary failure, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome) and most common concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus, essential hypertension, obesity). The morphological features of diffuse alveolar damage in the acute and proliferative phases were described in detail. Taken together with the synchronous involvement of the microvasculature in the pathological process it became the main cause of death. The most severe structural changes in lungs were seen after 20 days of disease. These changes were correlated with dysregenerative metaplastic and dysplastic processes. Processes of disturbed regeneration reflect both the severe viral transformation of the alveolar epithelium and the fact that regeneration developed under mechanical ventilation.

Melatonin and Myo-Inositol: Supporting Reproduction from the Oocyte to Birth.

Human pregnancy is a sequence of events finely tuned by several molecular interactions that come with a new birth. The precise interlocking of these events affecting the reproductive system guarantees safe embryo formation and fetal development. In this scenario, melatonin and myo-inositol seem to be pivotal not only in the physiology of the reproduction process, but also in the promotion of positive gestational outcomes. Evidence demonstrates that melatonin, beyond the role of circadian rhythm management, is a key controller of human reproductive functions. Similarly, as the most representative member of the inositol’s family, myo-inositol is essential in ensuring correct advancing of reproductive cellular events. The molecular crosstalk mediated by these two species is directly regulated by their availability in the human body. To date, biological implications of unbalanced amounts of melatonin and myo-inositol in each pregnancy step are growing the idea that these molecules actively contribute to reduce negative outcomes and improve the fertilization rate. Clinical data suggest that melatonin and myo-inositol may constitute an optimal dietary supplementation to sustain safe human gestation and a new potential way to prevent pregnancy-associated pathologies.