Amount Of Peroxide Research Articles

Property-Wound Healing Relationship of Manuka-, Anzer- and Chestnut-Honey: Characterization, Antibacterial Properties and Cell Culture Applications

Honey is known to be a natural food product with antibacterial and wound-healing properties. Among its different types, some attributed more with medical applications including Manuka honey. In this study, some wound healing-related parameters were systematically investigated on two different types of Turkish honey (Chestnut and Anzer), in comparison with Manuka honey. Chestnut honey had considerable amount of hydrogen peroxide (5 μg/mL) whereas Manuka and Anzer honey did not contain any. Additionally, Chestnut honey had the highest acidity among all tested samples (24.50 meq/kg), as well as higher antioxidant activity (IC50 ; 2.45 mg/ml) than those of Anzer (13.02 mg/ml) and Manuka honey (6.27 mg/ml). It was also demonstrated that Chestnut honey displayed a considerable antimicrobial activity against selected pathogens. On the other hand, in the scratch assay performed as a model for the wound healing process, Anzer honey induced the highest cell proliferation corresponding to almost total wound closure for all concentrations tested. Overall, the results showed that the Turkish Chestnut and Anzer honey samples had distinguished characteristics for wound healing that is comparable to Manuka honey, and therefore are both promising candidates for use in clinical applications.

Enhanced selective oxidation of ethylarenes using iron single atom catalysts embedded in Nitrogen-Rich graphene

Heavily (19 % wt) Nitrogen doped graphene (N-G), with Nitrogen incorporated mainly as pyridinic species (77.8 %), was obtained by reacting fluorographene with ammonia under solvothermal conditions, at mild temperature (140 °C). N-G was used to stabilize single iron atoms (N-G-Fe) in two different configurations: low spin X-(FeIIN4)-Y and high spin X-(FeIIIN4)-Y. The resulting N-G-Fe single atom catalysts exhibit remarkable efficacy in the selective oxidation of ethylarenes, with activity comparable or even superior to state-of-the-art materials, converting ethylbenzene to acetophenone with an initial turnover frequency of 13400 h−1. Notably, N-G-Fe exhibits genuine catalytic activity since it is able to oxidize ethylbenzene using substoichiometric amount of peroxides, and exploiting molecular oxygen as the final oxidant. Moreover, N-G-Fe can be recycled without any metal leaching, and exhibits a broad catalytic scope. Multi-technique characterizations combined with rationally designed catalytic tests allowed us to identify the active sites and propose a plausible mechanism for the catalytic cycle.

Physio-biochemical mechanism of melatonin seed priming in stimulating growth and drought tolerance in bread wheat

Drought stress (DS) adversely affects a plant’s development and growth by negatively altering the plant’s physio-biochemical functions. Previous investigations have illustrated that seed priming with growth regulators is an accessible, affordable, and effective practice to elevate a plant’s tolerance to drought stress. Melatonin (MT) is derived from the precursor tryptophan and can improve germination, biomass, and photosynthesis under stress conditions. The current study examined the effect of melatonin seed priming on two wheat cultivars (Fakhar-e-Bhakkar and Akber-19) cultivated under severe drought conditions (35% FC). There were 6 levels of melatonin (i.e., M0 = control, M1 = 1 mg L− 1, M2 = 2 mg L− 1, M3 = 3 mg L− 1, M4 = 4 mg L− 1 and M5 = mg L− 1) which were used for seed priming. Our results confirmed that seed priming with M2 = 2 mgL− 1 concentration of MT alleviates the negative effects of DS by boosting the germination rate by 54.84% in Akber-19 and 33.33% in Fakhar-e-Bhakkar. Similarly, leaf-relative water contents were enhanced by 22.38% and 13.28% in Akber-19 and Fakhar-e-Bhakkar, respectively. Melatonin pre-treatment with 2 mgL− 1 significantly enhanced fresh and dry biomass of shoot and root, leaf area, photosynthetic pigments, osmoprotectants accumulation [total soluble proteins (TSP), total free amino acids (TFAA), proline, soluble sugars, glycine betaine (GB)] and lowered the amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production by elevating antioxidants [Ascorbic acid, catalase (CAT), Phenolics, peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)] activity under drought stress (DS). Meanwhile, under control conditions (NoDS), the melatonin treatment M1 = 1 mgL− 1 effectively enhanced all the growth-related physio-biochemical attributes in both wheat cultivars. In the future, more investigations are suggested on different crops under variable agroclimatic conditions to declare 2 mgL− 1 melatonin as an efficacious amendment to alleviate drought stress.

Comparative study of anodized TNTs and S-TNTs on Ti plates for effective methylene blue degradation under UV LED and direct sunlight

The key findings of this research are focused on enhancing the degradation of methylene blue dye with titania nanotubes acting as catalysts under benign UV LED and sunlight. By comparing pristine and sulfur-doped titania, the study reveals that the doped-titania with anatase phase demonstrates a superior photocatalytic activity than pristine titania with mixed phases, achieving a remarkable 98 % degradation of dye within 120 min under direct sunlight with a small amount of hydrogen peroxide. This enhanced performance is attributed to the 10.7 μm longer and well-arranged nanotubes, effective surface area, better bandgap of 2.39 eV, effective anatase phases, and a lower 20 nm crystallite size. The study underscores the importance of anodization and sulfur doping using titanium plates to tailor the properties of the resultant nanotubes. Also, it indicates a cost-effective dye removal method without secondary pollution, offering a practical and optimistic solution to environmental challenges. The effective titania nanotubes for photocatalytic application in environmental remediation were identified through field emission scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis, and diffuse reflectance analysis, providing valuable insights and inspiring future research and application in this field.

RESEARCH OF GANODERMA LUCIDUM EXTRACTS’ ANTIOXIDATIVE AND MEMBRANE STABILLIZING PROPERTIES IN VITRO CONDITION

The using of bioactive compounds received from natural raw as nutriceutics is aknowledged as well as strengthening, immunomodulatory, adaptogenic agents and in order to reduce the risk of emergence of various diseases. Ganoderma Lucidum or Reishi mushroom is known on east during centuries and has been used in different aims. Modern researches of Reishi mushroom show its high antioxidative potential. Our experiments have shown that extracts made from micelium and fruiting body of ganoderma reduce the intensity of lipoperoxidation in membranes and increase the resistance in vitro conditions.Micelium extract inhibited the level of products of lipoperoxidation up to 37,6% at concentration 10 mkg, 21,1% at 20 mkg, 14,9% at 50 mkg. At influence the same concentrations of ascorbic acid means of level of lipid peroxidation amount 74,3%, 60,4% and 36,4% - respectively, for vitamin E - Е-70,2%, 65,3%, 53,5% and 38%respectively. Antioxidative effect of fruit body’s extract significantly have shown at 10-50 mkg – level of LPO decreased on 80% from origin level, the increasing of concentration from 50 to 100 mkg leaded to practically total inhibition of formation LPO products. At concentrations lower than 10 mkg antioxidative effect of the testing agents didn’t differ significantly. The experiments revealed that the mycelium extracts' antioxidant properties exceed the well-known antioxidant agents such as vitamins E and C, while the extract of the fruit body has a substantially similar effect of ascorbic acid and alpha-tocopherolResults of study have shown that extracts of ganoderma possess pronounced property to stabilize the structure of cell membrane. Severity of membrane stabilizing effect of extracts depended on concentration. In concentration 0-200 mkg in samples incubated in the presence of mycelium and fruit body extracts the hemolysis decreased on 19,8% and 25% at 10 mkg, on 27% and 37% at 20 mkg, on 55% and 57,2% at 50 mkg, on 63% and 68% at 100 mkg, on 69% and 65% at 200 mkg respectively, whereas at the introducing in samples the ascorbic acid in analogical concentrations the hemolysis have descended on 10%, 14,5%, 25%, 40% and 44%, and at the cariing in α-tocopherol the hemolysis lowered on 5%, 22%, 32%, 40%, 45% and 50% respectively.The researches of total polyphenols and flavonoids in extracts showed, that in extracts abscent compounds, which are related to flavonoids, whereas have found the existence of another polyphenolic compounds.

Evaluation of peroxide release during nonvital bleaching using three different coronal barriers: An in vitro study.

Peroxide from bleaching agents can cause external cervical resorption. An intracoronal barrier is used to prevent leakage of bleaching agents into the periradicular space. This study aims to determine and compare the amount of peroxide released, during non vital bleaching at the end of 1st and 3rd day using Glass ionomer cement (GIC), Mineral Trioxide aggregate (ProRoot MTA) and Biodentine as intracoronal barriers. Forty-five single-rooted teeth were selected for the study and root canal therapy was performed. Three millimeters of the coronal gutta-percha were removed and according to the coronal barrier placed, samples were divided into Group A: GIC, Group B: ProRoot MTA, and Group C: Biodentine. Nonvital bleaching was done using sodium perborate and 30% H2O2. Peroxide released at the end of the 1st and 3rd day was analyzed using potassium iodide and ultraviolet spectrophotometer. This was done using the Wilcoxon matched pair test and the Kruskal-Wallis test. No significant difference in intergroup comparison at the end of 1st and 3rd day, respectively (P > 0.05), a significant difference was found in the MTA group at follow-up dates (P < 0.05). All the three tested materials (GIC, MTA, and Biodentine) may be preferred as intracoronal barrier for nonvital bleaching.

Valorizing Tea Waste: Green Synthesis of Iron Nanoparticles for Efficient Dye Removal from Water.

This study explores the valorization of tea leaf waste by extracting polyphenols through reflux extraction, subsequently using them to synthesize zero-valent iron nanoparticles (nZVI). The in situ generated nanoparticles, when combined with fixed amounts of hydrogen peroxide, facilitated the removal of various dyes (methylene blue, methyl orange, and orange G) via a hetero-catalytic Fenton process. The iron nanoparticles were thoroughly characterized by gas adsorption of N2 at 77 K, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), FT-IR spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal analysis, including thermogravimetric analysis (TG) and temperature-programmed reduction (TPR). A statistical design of experiments and response surface methodology were employed to analyze the influence of polyphenol, Fe(III), and H2O2 concentrations on dye removal efficiency. The results demonstrated that optimizing the operational conditions could achieve 100% dye removal efficiency. This study highlights the potential of nZVI synthesized through eco-friendly methods as a promising solution for water decontamination involving diverse model dyes, thus contributing to sustainable waste management and environmental protection.

Study of antioxidant properties of organic dried black mulberry

The object of the study is black dried organic mulberry. The subject of research is the antioxidant properties of black dried organic mulberry. The research hypothesis is that due to its antioxidant properties, organic black mulberry can serve as a source for the production of food additives to slow down oxidation processes in fat-containing products. The study investigated changes in the quality of the fat base for the production of flour confectionery products: butter with sesame oil in a ratio of 80:20 %. Black dried inorganic mulberry was used as a control sample. This made it possible to compare the inhibitory-stabilizing effect on lipids of organic and inorganic raw materials. On the 10th day of storage of the samples, the peroxide number in the fat with the addition of organic mulberry was 1.7 times lower than in the fat base without the addition of stabilizers. The peroxide number in the fat with organic mulberry added was 17.5 ½O mmol/kg. Primary oxidation in the sample with inorganic mulberry also occurred more slowly than in the sample without any additives. On the 10th day of storage, the amount of peroxides was 1.2 times less than the amount of peroxides in the fat base without the addition of mulberry. The fat acid value of black organic dried mulberry added on day 10 was 1.21 mn/KOH, with black inorganic dried mulberry added 1.80 mg/KOH. The sample without added antioxidants had an acid value of 2.12 mg/KOH. The content of ascorbic acid in black dried inorganic and organic mulberries does not differ significantly and is 10.78 and 10.49 mg/100 g, respectively. It has been proven that the content of polyphenolic compounds is 18.2 and 27.2 mg/100 g, respectively, in dried inorganic and organic black mulberries. It is their presence that explains the antioxidant properties of mulberry. Therefore, organic production affects the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds in plants. Polyphenolic compounds have antimicrobial properties, so their higher amount in organic raw materials is dictated by the fact that organic plants must independently fight against microbiological pests without the use of pesticides. Further research will be devoted to the creation of nutritional supplements based on organic black mulberry.

Synthesis of biochar-doped MgO catalyst for highly efficient conversion of glucose into formic acid at low temperatures

Formic acid (FA) is not only a significant platform chemical but also a promising candidate for hydrogen storage. Although homogeneous catalysts are commonly employed for the conversion of carbohydrate biomass into FA, which often come with substantial costs and inadequate reusability. It is noteworthy that there has been an increasing focus on the development of heterogeneous catalysts in this area, which aim to address these limitations and offer advantages such as easier separation and better reusability. Herein, an eco-friendly and efficient method for the catalytic conversion of glucose to FA by utilizing a biochar-MgO (BC-MgO) catalyst, which is prepared through pyrolysis of coconut husk biochar impregnated with magnesium chloride (MgCl2), is proposed. The FA yield at 74.6% is attained from glucose at 60 °C within only 3 h, utilizing a mere 0.1 g of catalyst and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) amount of 100%. In conjunction with random forest (RF) algorithms and box-behnken experimental designs, further optimization resulted in an increased yield of 79.1%, with a selectivity of 82.7%, in only 3.8 h at 67 °C, employing 0.1 g of catalyst amount and 125% H2O2 amounts. Notably, the BC-MgO catalyst retains its catalytic efficiency over multiple cycles, only requiring a simple straightforward regeneration procedure. The mechanism underlying the glucose conversion to FA reaction system is demystified via kinetic modeling, time-gradient studies, and model compounds experiments. Life cycle assessment (LCA) indicates that when used for glucose conversion to FA, BC-MgO catalysts generate lower CO2 emissions than traditional homogeneous catalysts such as LiOH. Concurrently, an operation cost analysis indicates that operation cost of FA production from glucose is 4.1 $/kg with the BC-MgO catalyst, which is lower than LiOH catalyst (7.5 $/kg), evidencing the dual advantage of economic viability and an improved environmental impact inherent to this novel process.

Prediction of thermo-physical properties and evaluation of thermal energy storage performance of phase change materials based on silicone rubber/graphite (Q/G) composites

ABSTRACT Phase change composite materials (PCCMs) are a type of thermal energy storage system known for their high latent heat of fusion. In this study, PCCM samples based on peroxide-cured silicone rubber (Q) were prepared using a simple soaking procedure in molten Paraffin Wax (PW). At any fixed amount of peroxide, the rubber base samples were filled with varying amounts of graphite powder (G), 4 to 8 Wt.%, to improve the thermo-physical properties. The effect of peroxide and graphite content was then evaluated on the PW loading, PW leakage, and thermal storage performance of the resulting Q/G/PW composites. It was found that the highest ratio of the PW loading to PW leakage occurs at a peroxide content of 6 Wt.%. Moreover, the graphite particles demonstrate a significant role in PW trapping inside the rubber structure and lowering the PW leakage. Finally, the thermal studies showed that the Q/G/PW composite containing 6 wt.% of peroxide and 4 wt.% of graphite has the highest latent heat of 111.5 J/g with a PW loading of 15.2%. This sample also had the lowest thermal diffusivity and the slowest cooling and heating rate.

Cold shock treatment alleviates pitting in sweet cherry fruit by enhancing antioxidant enzymes activity and regulating membrane lipid metabolism.

In order to comprehend the regulatory mechanisms that result in the alleviation of sweet cherry pitting disorder through cold shock (0 °C ice-water mixture for 10 min), an investigation was conducted into the impacts of cold shock treatment (CST) on membrane lipid metabolism, antioxidant enzyme activity, as well as pitting of cold-stored sweet cherry fruit. CST significantly inhibited the increase in pitting incidence, pitting index, and decay incidence. The CST treatment provided greater titratable acidity, firmness as well as total content of soluble solids. The use of CST prevented the build-up of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde, and reduced permeability of cell membranes. When in contrast to control group, the CST also raised the expression levels along with activity of the antioxidant enzymes ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT). Furthermore, CST reduced the amount of fruit cell membrane peroxidation, suppressed the activity of phospholipase and lipoxygenase, postponed the rise in saturated fatty acids (SFAs) and decrease in unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs), ultimately keeping a high ratio of USFAs to SFAs. CST can alleviating pitting disorder in sweet cherry fruit via preventing peroxidation of membrane lipid and elevating the antioxidant enzymes activity. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Improving Tamoxifen Performance in Inducing Apoptosis and Hepatoprotection by Loading on a Dual Nanomagnetic Targeting System.

Although tamoxifen (TMX) belongs to selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) and selectively binds to estrogen receptors, it affects other estrogen-producing tissues due to passive diffusion and non-differentiation of normal and cancerous cells and leads to side effects. The problems expressed about tamoxifen (TMX) encouraged us to design a new drug delivery system based on magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) to simultaneously target two receptors on cancer cells through folic acid (FA) and hyaluronic acid (HA) groups. The mediator of binding of two targeting agents to MNPs is a polymer linker, including dopamine, polyethylene glycol, and terminal amine (DPN). Zeta potential, dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) methods confirmed that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA has a suitable size of ~105 nm and a surface charge of -41 mV, and therefore, it can be a suitable option for carrying TMX and increasing its solubility. The cytotoxic test showed that the highest concentration of MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX decreased cell viability to about 11% after 72 h of exposure compared to the control. While the protective effect of modified MNPs on normal cells was evident, unlike tamoxifen, the survival rate of liver cells, even after 180 min of treatment, was not significantly different from the control group. The protective effect of MNPs was also confirmed by examining the amount of malondialdehyde, and no significant difference was observed in the amount of lipid peroxidation caused by modified MNPs compared to the control. Flow cytometry proved that TMX loaded onto modified MNPs can induce apoptosis by targeting the overexpressed receptors on cancer cells. Real-time PCR showed that the modified MNPs activated the intrinsic and extrinsic mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis, so the Bak1/Bclx ratio for MNPs-DPN-HAFA- TMX and free TMX was 70.82 and 0.38, respectively. Also, the expression of the caspase-3 gene increased 430 times compared to the control. On the other hand, only TNF gene expression, which is responsible for metastasis in some tumors, was decreased by both free TMX and MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX. Finally, molecular docking proved that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX could provide a very stable interaction with both CD44 and folate receptors, induce apoptosis in cancer cells, and reduce hepatotoxicity. All the results showed that MNPs-DPN-HA-FA-TMX can show good affinity to cancer cells using targeting agents and induce apoptosis in metastatic breast ductal carcinoma T-47D cell lines. Also, the protective effects of MNPs on hepatocytes are quite evident, and they can reduce the side effects of TMX.

EFFECT OF DIDODECANOYL PEROXIDE ON TRANSFORMATIONS OF HIGH-SULFUR VACUUM RESIDUE COMPONENTS IN THE PROCESS OF INITIATED CRACKING

This paper presents the results of the study of the composition of cracking products of high-sulfur tar obtained from oil of Zyuzeyevskoye field in the presence of radical-forming additive – didodecanoyl peroxide. Thermal treatment of the mixture of vacuum residue with different amounts of didodecanoyl peroxide was carried out at a temperature of 500 °C. The duration of the process was 15 min. Characteristic features of changes in the material balance of the process, group composition of liquid cracking products, qualitative and quantitative composition of newly formed sulfur compounds were established. The use of additive in the amount of 0.5 – 0.75%wt. allows to reduce thermal stability of high-molecular components of tar (resins and asphaltenes), and also promotes change in direction of reactions. Processes of condensation of resins and asphaltenes into solid coke-like products are slowed down, and cracking reactions are initiated with formation of low-molecular components, which fall into the composition of oils, as a result of which it is possible to obtain additional amounts of distillate fractions. It is shown that thiophene, benzo- and dibenzothiophene derivatives, which are absent in the initial tar, are intensively formed and accumulated in the composition of liquid cracking products, which worsens the quality of the obtained distillate fractions. Among the identified sulfur compounds benzothiophene homologs prevail. It was found that cracking of tar in the presence of additive didodecanoyl peroxide promotes deep destruction of sulfur-containing fragments of vacuum residue and asphaltene molecules. Sulfur compounds formed under these conditions not only get into the composition of oils, but also participate in condensation reactions with the formation of solid products, which leads to an increase in the degree of sulfur removal from the composition of liquid cracking products. For citation: Goncharov A.V., Krivtsov E.B. Effect of didodecanoyl peroxide on transformations of high-sulfur vacuum residue components in the process of initiated cracking. ChemChemTech [Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol.]. 2024. V. 67. N 8. P. 121-128. DOI: 10.6060/ivkkt.20246708.15t.

Effect of a brush tip on in-office bleaching gels in an attachable syringe: Hydrogen peroxide penetration, bleaching efficacy and amount of gel expended

ObjectiveEvaluate the penetration of hydrogen peroxide (HP) into the pulp chamber, bleaching efficacy (BE) and amount of gel expended during in-office bleaching using an applicator brush tip and conventional tip from different commercial brands. Materials and Methods104 human premolars were randomly distributed into thirteen groups (n = 8) according to the commercial brand: DSP White Clinic 35 % Calcium (DW), Nano White 35 % (NW), Total Blanc One-Step 35 % (TS), Whiteness HP Blue 35 % (WB), Potenza Bianco Pro SS 38 % (PB), Opalescence XTra Boost 40 % (OB), no bleaching (negative control), and application method: applicator brush tip and conventional tip for all groups. Initial HP concentration (%) was determined via titration and pH was measured with digital pH meter. Concentration (µg/mL) of HP into the pulp chamber was measured using UV–Vis spectrophotometry, the BE (ΔE*ab, ΔE00 and ΔWID) was evaluated with a digital spectrophotometer, and the amount of gel expended was evaluated using a precision analytical digital balance. Statistical analysis included two-way ANOVA, Tukey's, and Dunnett's test. Comparison between HP into the pulp chamber vs BE was performed with Person's correlation (α = 0.05). ResultsBrush tip demonstrated a low amount of HP in the pulp chamber compared to the conventional method for all bleaching gels (p < 0.0003), as well as lower amount of gel expended (p < 0.002). The brush tip did not result in a significant difference in BE compared to the conventional (p > 0.05). No correlations were found between both factors (p > 0.05). ConclusionBrush tip showed lower penetration of HP in the pulp chamber and a reduced volume of spent gel when compared to the conventional tip, for all commercial brands. Clinical relevanceBrush tip is recommended for bleaching gels in an attachable syringe due to its ability to reduce the penetration of HP into the pulp chamber and minimize the amount of bleaching gel used.

Systemic Effects of Photoactivated 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl) Porphyrin on Healthy Drosophila melanogaster.

Porphyrins are frequently employed in photodynamic therapy (PDT), a non-invasive technique primarily utilized to treat subcutaneous cancers, as photosensitizing agents (PAs). The development of a new PA with improved tissue selectivity and efficacy is crucial for expanding the application of PDT for the management of diverse cancers. We investigated the systemic effects of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(N-methylpyridinium-3-yl)-porphyrin (TMPyP3) using Drosophila melanogaster adult males. We established the oral administration schedule and demonstrated that TMPyP3 was absorbed and stored higher in neuronal than in non-neuronal extracts. Twenty-four hours after oral TMPyP3 photoactivation, the quantity of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased, but exclusively in the head extracts. Regardless of photoactivation, TMPyP3 resulted in a reduced concentration of H2O2 after 7 days, and this was linked with a decreased capacity to climb, as indicated by negative geotaxis. The findings imply that systemic TMPyP3 therapy may disrupt redox regulation, impairing cellular signaling and behavioral outcomes in the process. To determine the disruptive effect of porphyrins on redox homeostasis, its duration, and the mechanistic variations in retention across various tissues, more research is required.

Detecting Trace Amounts of Peroxides and Ammonium Nitrate in Fingerprints by Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Detecting Trace Amounts of Peroxides and Ammonium Nitrate in Fingerprints by Ion Mobility Spectrometry

Prodromic Inflammatory-Oxidative Stress in Peritoneal Leukocytes of Triple-Transgenic Mice for Alzheimer's Disease.

Inflammatory-oxidative stress is known to be pivotal in the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD), but the involvement of this stress at the peripheral level in the disease's onset has been scarcely studied. This study investigated the pro-inflammatory profile and oxidative stress parameters in peritoneal leukocytes from female triple-transgenic mice for AD (3xTgAD) and non-transgenic mice (NTg). Peritoneal leukocytes were obtained at 2, 4, 6, 12, and 15 months of age. The concentrations of TNFα, INFγ, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, IL-17, and IL-10 released in cultures without stimuli and mitogen concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide presence were measured. The concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), oxidized glutathione (GSSG), lipid peroxidation, and Hsp70 were also analyzed in the peritoneal cells. Our results showed that although there was a lower release of pro-inflammatory cytokines by 3xTgAD mice, this response was uncontrolled and overstimulated, especially at a prodromal stage at 2 months of age. In addition, there were lower concentrations of GSH in leukocytes from 3xTgAD and higher amounts of lipid peroxides at 2 and 4 months, as well as, at 6 months, a lower concentration of Hsp70. In conclusion, 3xTgAD mice show a worse pro-inflammatory response and higher oxidative stress than NTg mice during the prodromal stages, potentially supporting the idea that Alzheimer's disease could be a consequence of peripheral alteration in the leukocyte inflammation-oxidation state.

Hydrogen peroxide assisted oxidative liquefaction of alkaline lignin over cobalt-nickel loaded zirconia catalysts

Research toward the oxidative fractionation of lignin is gaining attention due to the selective breaking of a sub-aromatic unit of lignin's complex structure into monomeric phenolic. This study aims to investigate the liquefaction tendency of alkaline lignin by screening the synergistic effect of Co and Ni loaded on synthesized (syn) ZrO2 catalyst under the applied mild oxidative reaction conditions of molecular oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Compared to the non-catalytic reaction (38.1 wt%), a significant improvement in the bio-oil yield (53.7 wt%) was obtained with the 5Co–5Ni/ZrO2-syn catalyst under the oxidative condition of molecular oxygen. However, only 44.3 wt% bio-oil was observed with commercial (com) 5Co–5Ni/ZrO2-com catalyst. The synergistic study of Co and Ni metal exhibited a diverse impact on the fractionation of lignin into respective product yields (bio-oil, gas, and char). Notably, adding a catalytic amount of hydrogen peroxide showed a remarkable improvement in liquefaction. The maximum bio-oil yield (72.1 wt%), and a maximum conversion (77.9%) were noticed with 0.5 mL H2O2 at 120 °C/30 min under the atmospheric molecular oxygen. The GC-MS analysis of bio-oil (5Co–5Ni/ZrO2-syn-HP) attributed to a high quantity of guaiacyl phenolic with a maximum proportion of benzaldehyde-3-hydroxy-4-methoxy (65.3%). The 5Co–5Ni/ZrO2-syn catalyst was also examined for the three catalytic cycles, which did not show any significant loss in product yield.

A machine learning based prediction of reaction parameters on reaction kinetics for treatment of industrial wastewater

Industrial wastewater is a major cause of pollution of surface water bodies since it is often discharged into these water bodies without adequate treatment. Past attempts at treating industrial wastewater have led to the emergence of multiple approaches for the removal of impurities. These include conventional techniques like biological, physical, and chemical techniques, and recently advanced oxidation processes that have, under certain specific conditions, produced desired results through decomposing contaminating organic compounds into water, carbon dioxide, or less harmful molecules. This study examines the removal of phenol in industrial wastewater using a Photo-Fenton reagent on account of its cost-effectiveness and the possibility of rapid results. The effectiveness of the removal of contaminants was assessed based on the rate of reaction (k1). Data collected through laboratory experiments was then put through various Machine Learning classifiers including Neural Network, CHAID, Generalized Linear Model, Linear Classifier, and Random Trees using IBM SPSS Modeler and models trained. An accuracy of 97.2 % was observed for the Deep Neural Network. Further, it is observed that for a specific level of impurities in industrial water, the pH of solution, intensity of light, and amount of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) are the most important factors in predicting the rate of reaction with concentration of [Fe3+] ions and catalyst TiO2 playing smaller roles.

The Effect of Extraction by Pressing at Different Temperatures on Sesame Oil Quality Characteristics.

Sesame oil has been widely used in the daily diet due to its high nutritional value. Sesame oil is extracted at industrial scales and also in small scale by cold pressing at different temperatures. In this research, sesame oil was extracted by pressing at four temperatures, namely, 30 (control sample), 60, 90 and 120 °C, to evaluate its effects on the quality of extracted oils. Oil extraction yields were increased from 38 to 51% by increasing the pressing temperature. The highest amount of peroxide and acid values were related to the oil extracted at 120 °C. Tocopherols and total phenol content were reduced by the increasing the pressing temperature, and the highest amounts of these bioactive components were related to the control sample. The results of the fatty acids profile showed that the composition of oils extracted at different temperatures did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). The results of the present study give a clear picture about the effects of different pressing temperatures on the sesame oil quality and extraction yield, and can be useful in the extraction unit optimization.