Amount Of Nylon Research Articles

Blends of Zein and Nylon-6

Blends of zein and nylon-6 (55 k) in formic acid were used to produce solution cast films and electrospun fibers. When the amount of nylon-6 was 8 % or less blends were formed that had improved tensile strength and reduced solubility. The blends were analyzed using physical property measurements, DSC and IR spectra. Using between 2 and 8 % nylon-6 provided a 33 % increase in tensile strength. Young’s modulus increased by over 50 % in this range. In general elongation was lower for all formulations. Surprisingly the cast films having 0.5–8 % nylon-6 had improved solvent resistance to 90 % ethanol/water. Electrospun fibers were produced from formic acid solutions of zein and nylon-6 where the amount of nylon was 0, 2 and 6. Fibers produced from 27 % spinning solids had average diameters on the order of 0.5 μm. Reducing the spinning solids to 21 % provide slightly smaller fibers however, the fibers had more defects.

Nylon 66 Toughening Nylon 11 by in situ Polymerization

In this paper, we employed in situ polymerization to synthesize the nylon 11/nylon 66 alloys. In nylon 11/nylon 66 alloys, the crystallization of introduced nylon 66 is impeded by the nylon 11 matrix. As a result, the amorphous nylon 66 is uniformly dispersed in nylon 11 matrix and there is no phase separation observed. In contrast, the crystalline nylon 11 and nylon 66 phases were separated. The nylon 11 was significantly toughened by incorporating a small amount of nylon 66 (3–10 wt.%) but its strength was still maintained.

Dynamic properties of rubber vibration isolators and antivibration performance of ethylene–propylene–diene monomer/nylon 6 blend systems

AbstractThis article examines thermoplastic elastomers (TPEs) and thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs) as two types of elastomers from melt‐blended and dynamically vulcanized ethylene–propylene–diene monomer (EPDM) rubber materials and nylon 6 plastic materials. A series of investigations were conducted on the mechanical properties, morphology, dynamic mechanical properties, hysteresis behavior, and dynamic antivibration properties with different nylon 6 contents. The experimental results showed that the incompatibility between EPDM and nylon 6 led to the easy destruction of the TPV materials in two interfacial polymers upon the application of an external force. Thus, after a dynamic vulcanization process, the mechanical properties of the EPDM/nylon 6 blends were not as good as those of the TPE materials. In terms of morphology, nylon 6 plastics were uniformly distributed in the EPDM/nylon 6 blends during the EPDM rubber phase before vulcanization was performed. After the dynamic vulcanization, phase inversion was produced in which rubber microparticles were formed and dispersed in the nylon 6 plastic phase. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis, compression vibration hysteresis behavior, and dynamic property antivibration experiments showed that the blends provided better vibration isolation and antivibration performance after the amount of nylon 6 was increased and EPDM and nylon 6 were blended through dynamic vulcanization. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008

Nonisothermal Crystallization Behavior of Poly(ethylene terephthalate)-Nylon 6 Blends

Nonisothermal crystallization behavior of blends of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)-nylon 6 has been investigated. Component polymers in the blends exhibited separate crystallization and melting peaks. Nonisothermal crystallization parameters, like rate of crystallization, has changed for both the component polymers, whereas the degree of crystallinity has increased for PET with increasing amount of nylon 6 in the blends and decreased for nylon 6 with increasing amount of PET in blends. Thus blending seems to have improved crystallization parameters.

Morphology and mechanical properties of thermoplastic elastomers from nylon-nitrile rubber blends

Nylon-nitrile rubber blends having different plastic-rubber component ratios (100/0, 80/20, 70/30, 60/40, 50/50, 40/60, 30/70, 20/80, and 0/100) were prepared by melt mixing technique in a Rheocord-90 at a temperature set at 180°C. The mixing characteristics of the blends have been analyzed from the rheographs. The morphology of the blend was studied using optical and electron microscopies, with special reference to the effect of blend ratio. The micrographs indicate a two-phase system where the component having lower proportions was found to disperse in the major continuous phase. A cocontinuous morphology was observed for 50/50 composition. Mechanical properties of the blends have been measured according to standard test methods. The effect of blend ratio on the mechanical properties like tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, stress-strain behavior, and hardness has been analyzed. The influence of the strain rate on the mechanical properties has also been analyzed. The mechanical properties were found to have a strong dependence on the amount of nylon in the blend. It is found that the blends with higher proportions of nylon have superior mechanical properties. The observed changes in mechanical properties are explained on the basis of the morphology of the blend. Various theoretical models such as Series, Parallel, Halpin-Tsai, and Coran's equations have been used to fit the experimental mechanical data. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

THERMAL DEGRADATION AND WATER SORPTION FOR α-PYRROLIDONE/ε-CAPROLACTAM COPOLYMER

Thermal degradation and water sorption were investigated for the copolymers (4/6 copolymers), which had been prepared by anionic copolymerization of α-pyrrolidone and e-caprolactam, in comparison with those of nylon 4, 6 and blends. The compositions of 4/6 copolymers were determined by IR spectrometric analysis. The water sorption isotherms were obtained by a weighing bottle method at various water vapor pressures controlled with saturated salt solutions.The rates of thermal degradation for 4/6 copolymers at 275°C (3mm Hg, N2) were somewhat smaller than those for nylon 4 and blends in the range of weight loss less than the amount of nylon 4 component. The amount of water sorbed in a monolayer state (Vm) obtained by BET plot, and the molar ratio of Vm to the amide content in amorphous region (Vm/(CONH) (1-α), α: crystallinity) for nylon 4 were about 2 and 1.5 times, respectively as large as those for nylon 6. As to 4/6 copolymers, Vm/(CONH) (1-α) increased linearly with the composition of nylon 4. From the analysis using the cluster function, it was elucidated that the formation of cluster in sorbed water molecules began to arise at a higher moisture regain for nylon 4 than for nylon 6, and the behavior in cluster formation for 4/6 copolymer having the composition 23.2 mole-% nylon 4 was rather similar to that of nylon 4, because of the increase of free amide groups caused by the decrease of crystallinity.Although there are some problems in a low molecular weight and a low crystallinity, the 4/6 copolymer is interesting from the view point of melt process (spinning), because of their high moisture regain and melting point of about 150°C at which the polymer chain of nylon 4 is thermally stable.

Vinyl Polymerization. 218. Polymerization of Methyl Methacrylate in the Presence of Nylon‐6 Fiber and Water

AbstractThe polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of nylon‐6 fibers and water was carried out. It was found that the conversion in the absence of water was the same as that of thermal polymerization, but in the presence of water the conversion was much higher. When methyl methacrylate and water existed sufficiently in the polymerization system, the rate of polymerization (Rp) was given by the following equation; Rp = k (Nylon)1,0 (Methyl methacrylate)0 (Water)0. The over‐all activation energy of the polymerization was found to be 13 kcal/mole. The polymerization of styrene, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, and methyl acrylate could not be initiated by the system of nylon and water. Apparent grafting efficiency of polymethyl methacrylate onto nylon was calculated from the amount of polymer which was not extracted with acetone. The efficiency was independent on the reaction time and the amount of water, and increased with the amount of nylon, while it decreased with the amount of methyl methacrylate and with reaction temperature. From the fact that a major part of the polymethyl methacrylate could not be extracted, it was concluded that the polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of nylon and water occured predominantly inside the fiber. The degree of the polymerization of polymethyl methacrylate formed inside the nylon fiber was considerably higher than that of homopolymethyl methacrylate formed outside the fiber. It was qualitatively recognized that the major part of the polymethyl methacrylate generated in the fiber was not grafted onto nylon, but existed as homopolymer.

NYLON TREATMENT OF BEER

The application is discussed of the use of nylon to adsorb anthocyanogens from beer and so to prolong its shelf life. Nylon used for this purpose must be free from water-soluble material and must possess appropriate filtration characteristics. A logarithmic relation exists between anthocyanogen removal and amount of nylon used, which makes it important to decide what degree of removal is required, this decision being also governed by the influence of too rigorous treatment on other beer characters. Shelf life is not necessarily inversely correlated with anthocyanogen content, but whatever the anthocyanogen content nylon treatment improves keeping qualities; nylon treatment cannot obviate the effects of excess air in the container, but it can increase shelf life even when excess air is present. Satisfactory results have been achieved by a dosing treatment followed by filtration, and recovery of the nylon and re-activation seem to present no great difficulties.