Amount Of Financial Resources Research Articles

LONG-TERM LENDING FOR PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP PROJECTS: OPPORTUNITIES AND PROSPECTS

The article is devoted to the topical issues of long-term lending to public-private partnership projects in the context of a permanent shortage of budget funds and the financial instability of business entities. The purpose of the study is to highlight the problems of attracting long-term credit resources by partners in the process of implementing joint projects and to outline areas for their solution. To achieve this goal, general scientific research methods and analytical data from the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and the National Bank of Ukraine were used.The article reveals the main problems in the development of the debt financial instruments market, which make partnership projects between the state and business unattractive for investors. It is argued that the possibility of providing long-term loans depends not only on the actions of the bank, but also on the monetary policy of the NBU, which should ensure the introduction of preferential reserve requirements for banks, the provision of irrevocable deposits, the NBU's approval to refinance banks for the implementation of PPP projects, and the introduction of preferential lending by banks to PPP projects. The authors emphasize the priority importance of the state policy on the development of programs for the availability of long-term loans in the process of implementing partnership projects. Given the underdevelopment of financial instruments for public-private partnerships, the author substantiates the need to use innovative instruments – credit derivatives, the effectiveness of which is confirmed by international experience. The article offers a list of the most effective financial instruments that should be used at each stage of the project life cycle.It is concluded that the recommendations provided will ensure that the partners attract the necessary amount of financial resources in the process of long-term project implementation and will allow them to obtain a synergistic effect from such cooperation.

자녀가 부모에게 제공하는 조직적⋅재무적 살림살이의 관계 연구

This study aims to elucidate the influence of sharing organizational housekeeping provided by adult children to their parents on sharing financial housekeeping, and to examine how this relationship theoretically and empirically varies with parental assets. Financial housekeeping sharing refers to the partial or complete use of household income by members together, while organizational housekeeping sharing can be defined as sharing food, having meals together, and sharing living spaces. To derive hypotheses, this study developed theoretical models on financial and organizational housekeeping sharing and their relationship with maximizing utility in households with children. Analysis was conducted using data from the 7th (2018) and 8th (2020) waves of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging. The main findings of this study are as follows. First, as assets increase, sharing financial housekeeping decreases. Second, when organizational housekeeping support reaches a certain level, an increase in such share leads to a decrease in sharing financial housekeeping. Third, higher parental assets result in a diminishing negative influence of amount of sharing organizational housekeeping on that of sharing financial housekeeping. The analysis results suggest that as adult children provide more non-monetary resources to parents, the amount of financial resources they provide decreases. However, when parents have substantial assets, there seems to be little substitution effect between organizational housekeeping sharing and financial househousekeeping sharing. Based on the empirical analysis results, this study suggests the need to expand the criteria for recognizing parental support in income redistribution policies to include cases where households, despite not cohabiting, share financial and organizational housekeeping and jointly manage their livelihoods.

Financial Capacity of Insurance Companies as a Factor of Stable Development of the Ukrainian Insurance Market

Abstract The relevance of the article is based on an in-depth study of the financial potential of insurers and its impact on the insurance market, which provides valuable information for the stakeholders of the insurance industry. Therefore, this study aims to determine approaches to revealing the essence of the financial capacity of insurers, based on the scientific tools of financial science. The leading approach to the study of this problem is the analysis of the dynamics of liabilities (raised and borrowed funds) and equity capital of insurers and the relationship between them, which enables a comprehensive look at the impact of these indicators on the development of insurance market and internal and external factors that have both an objective and subjective impact on the financial capacity of insurers and the insurance market. The article defines the stages and methodology of assessing the financial condition of insurers. In particular, the normative method, the comparative method, the static method, the formallogical method, the economic-mathematical method, the method of analysis and synthesis became the leading research methods. These assessment methods are crucial for the timely determination of the current state of financial capacity and its potential. Using a multivariate correlation-regression model, the authors demonstrate the importance of various components of financial capacity. The presented results will be useful to various stakeholders in the insurance industry as they provide a deeper understanding of their financial strength, including the dynamics of liabilities, equity and leveraged funds. First of all, it was established that financial resources are the basis of financial capacity. Secondly, the definition of the insurance company’s financial resources as a source and component of the company’s functioning is formulated. Thirdly, it is shown that the insurer’s financial capacity is logically dependent on its investment capacity, which is determined by the amount of financial resources. It was also determined that financial capacity is a dynamic quantity and is manifested only in the process of its use and ideally should be accompanied by its growth. Among them, it was proved that the main components that significantly affect the formation of the financial potential of insurers and the growth of the insurance market of Ukraine are insurance reserves and authorized capital. These conclusions can easily become the basis for the formation of further state insurance policy, which will be followed through legislative reforms, increased competition in the insurance market and will result in an increase in the level of trust among the population.

Understanding the Meaning and Significance of Health Insurance

The individuals, belonging to all communities are overwhelmed by different types of health problems and illnesses. Furthermore, within one’s lives, there are occurrences of accidents and disasters. Hence, it is of utmost significance for the individuals to acquire an efficient understanding of the meaning and significance of health insurance. The individuals are required to augment their information in terms of different types of ways that are necessary in promoting good health and well-being, physically as well as psychologically. Acquiring health insurance is regarded as one of the major aspects that needs to be taken into account by the individuals. The individuals are required to possess certain monthly income. The reason being, in order to make purchases of the insurance policies, the individuals are required to possess certain amount of financial resources. The reason being, they are required to pay the premium. It is normally paid for three years or five years to claim the sum on maturity. All individuals are not eligible for acquiring health insurance policies. Therefore, it is well-understood by individuals that health insurance is vital, which needs to be acknowledged by individuals. As a consequence of meeting the criteria, health insurance needs to be purchased by the individuals. In this manner, they will render an important contribution in bringing about improvements in their overall quality of lives. The main concepts that are taken into account in this research paper are, understanding the meaning and significance of health insurance, measures to be implemented in leading to up-gradation of health insurance and advantages of health insurance.

IMPROVEMENT OF FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES OF SMALL ENTERPRISES

The key points of the financial activity of small business development are justified. It is noted that entrepreneurship in the field of small business is determined by the activity of business entities, which is characterized by both features that are characteristic of business structures in general, and specific features that determine the peculiarities of such functioning of business entities in the sphere of the implementation of business tasks and goals. It was determined that the success of small business is determined by the conditions of the environment in which business structures function. It is clarified that such conditions should include economic, legal, socio-cultural, demographic, technological, natural-geographic and organizational conditions. It has been proven that ensuring the existence of all enterprises depends on its financial resources. The sources of formation of financial resources are the main feature of their classification. In practice, own and involved groups of sources of formation are distinguished. FG "Iryna – O.T" was chosen to evaluate the structure of sources of small enterprises. This is a farm, the main activity of which is grain and technical crops. During the studied period, the amount of financial resources is increasing. Having evaluated the financial management of the FG "Iryna – O.T" using various indicators, we came to the conclusion that the FG under study is profitable and financially independent. Having evaluated the formation, placement and efficiency of the use of financial resources, they came to the conclusion that the FG "Iryna – O.T" had a good financial condition, as evidenced by the relevant indicators: the amount of net profit increased by 469.8 thousand hryvnias; liquidity indicators of the FG indicate the liquid balance of the enterprise; the state of the FG in 2020–2022 is characterized as financially stable; the financial independence of the FG is high, which indicates a good state of financial resources; profitability indicators of FG had positive values. In general, FG "Iryna – O.T" has positive indicators of filling financial resources, their volume increases over the years, however, the FG has become completely independent of obligations and avoids a crisis situation associated with a lack of funds to pay debts. Farms are an important component of the market of economic relations between the world and Ukraine. In the conditions of hostilities, farmers and private peasant farms provided food for the local population and internally displaced persons, thus proving the stability and possibility of ensuring the existence of small producers.

FINANCIAL SECURITY AS A STRATEGIC COMPONENT OF THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF UKRAINE

Today's economic reality convincingly shows that the pace, prospects and general vector of socio-economic progress of domestic economies is largely subordinated to the state of formation of the country's economic security, in the general system of which the financial component plays a key role. The state of the national financial sector is becoming more and more difficult to control, due to the rather rapid change in the market situation in the world financial markets and the interconnected system of economic relations in the general structure of the world economy. Today, the financial potential of the state depends on the amount of financial resources, which are quite limited. The limitation and insufficiency of financial resources is the main reason for the increase in the amount of state internal and external debt, the growth of the inflation rate, and the development of the shadow economy. To solve these problems, it is necessary to develop balanced measures of state regulation, which should be aimed at strengthening the country's financial security. The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the concept of "financial security" and determine its place in the system of national and economic security of Ukraine. Conducting an analysis of internal and external threats to economic and financial security, its main indicators, and based on the results, provide recommendations on directions for their improvement and strengthening. The article is devoted to the study of the essence and problems of ensuring the financial and economic security of the state. The theoretical foundations of the concept of "financial security" are substantiated. The essence of the concept of "financial security" as the main component of economic security is considered and its place in the general hierarchy of national security is argued, the constituent elements of financial security are established. The author's vision of the essence of the structural elements of financial security is highlighted. A comparative analysis of external and internal threats to economic and financial security was carried out. The concepts of "financial security" and "economic security" are closely related, but not identical. The main and most dangerous threats to the economic (financial) security of Ukraine are analyzed. A comparative analysis of the indicators of financial and economic security with their threshold values was carried out, and directions for improving the financial security system were proposed based on the detected deviations. The selected research topic is quite promising and is subject to further disclosure when studying the financial security system and its interaction with other components of the national security of Ukraine

Особливості фінансових відносин територіальних громад в Україні

Financial provision is one of the important elements of community resource provision. There is quite a number of bases of financial resources that territorial communities can take from, therefore, for their effective use, it is advisable to classify them, establish the appropriate features, and the possibilities of use them rationally. Currently, it is important for communities to be able to form the necessary amount of financial resources that will allow them to be financially capable. Also important is the legally defined powers of communities within which they carry out their activities and use accumulated funds. The publication analyzes the peculiarities of the formation of financial relations in territorial communities of Ukraine. The corresponding shortcomings in shaping the financial capacity of communities are singled out. The sources of filling the community budget are analyzed. It is found that today the majority of territorial communities need to provide appropriate investment financing of their projects for their sustainable development. Sources of filling financial resources of territorial communities are identified. It is proved that the main financial source of the territorial budgets is the activities of small and medium-sized businesses located in communities. It is determined that for the effective implementation of measures for the socioeconomic development of communities, the principle of their autonomy in matters of budget and tax activities should be implemented. The main directions of influence of financial decentralization on the socioeconomic development of the regions is formed. Based on the identified directions of development of territorial communities, the importance of public participation in decision-making on the implementation of projects on sustainable development of communities is determined. The need to form a favorable image of the territorial community, thanks to which it is possible to attract investment funds for the implementation of community development projects, is proved.

СТАТИСТИЧНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СИСТЕМИ МЕНЕДЖМЕНТУ ПІДПРИЄМСТВ ТА ОРГАНІЗАЦІЙ

In the modern conditions of the socio-economic development of Ukraine, the statistical support of the management system of enterprises and organizations is particularly important, which consists in the collection and processing of analytical and statistical information necessary for making informed management decisions. After all, the use of statistical methods helps managers to solve current organizational problems in a scientific and accurate way. Competitiveness, market value, the results of production and financial activities, the amount of expenses, the amount of financial resources, internal production reserves, the alternative of choosing investment projects and other indicators that ensure the effective functioning of an organization or enterprise depend on the quality of the statistical base. The purpose of this article is to substantiate the theoretical and methodological principles of the application of statistics in the management system and to develop recommendations for improving the statistical support of the management process of enterprises and organizations. The article focuses on the growing role of statistics in management at the macro and micro levels. It has been proven that effective management is closely related to the need to obtain and analyze complete, reliable and relevant statistical information in a timely manner. The expediency of using statistical research in the management system is substantiated. Sources of statistical support for the management of enterprises and organizations are outlined. The essence and methodological bases of statistical support of management functions are determined. The main statistical methods, the use of which is appropriate for improving management, are characterized, their advantages and disadvantages are given. Problems were identified and directions for improving the management of enterprises and organizations based on statistical studies were substantiated. Recommendations for managers of various levels regarding the establishment of statistical support for the management of an enterprise or organization have been developed.

ENTREPRENEURIAL COMPONENT IN FORMING FINANCIAL CAPACITY OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF KHARKIV REGION

The paper is devoted to the investigation of the theoretical and methodological foundations for the formation of the financial capacity of territorial communities (TC) in Ukraine. The object of the study are the territorial communities in the Kharkiv region, the selection criteria of which were the TC area and population size. The paper examines the budget of territorial communities, which includes revenue and expenditure parts. It has been proven that the capacity of the community shows the ability to attract, accumulate and effectively use financial resources from various sources to solve topical issues of local importance. The main advantages of the decentralization policy, which has been actively implemented in the TC of Ukraine since 2014, are given. The "Methodology for the Formation of Capable Territorial Communities" is substantiated, the results of the calculation obtained by the TC according to this methodology are given. The budget for 2021 was analyzed on the example of territorial communities of the Kharkiv region. In most territorial communities, the largest part of income is taken by tax revenues, which indicates the importance of the further mandatory development of entrepreneurial activity in communities. The results of the study showed that the analysis of the community's financial capacity showed that, indeed, budget decentralization measures had a rather positive effect on the financial capacity of TС budgets. However, the independence of local self-government bodies, which is one of the main ideas of budget decentralization, is determined not only by the amount of financial resources, but also by the reason for their increase. However, territorial communities should remember that transfers and other financial assistance from central authorities are temporary funds: today the state allocates them, but tomorrow it does not. Therefore, the TС should rely on its own capabilities in the accumulation of tax and non-tax revenues, thereby emphasizing the development of entrepreneurship from small to large. Keywords: territorial community, financial capacity, decentralization, incomes, expenses, entrepreneurship.

EFFICIENCY OF TECHNOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT IN INNOVATION CLUSTERS BY COMPONENTS: EDUCATION, PERSONNEL DEVELOPMENT AND LOGISTICS

The article is devoted to the method of evaluating the effectiveness of technological management in innovation clusters by components: education, personnel and logistics. Attention is focused on the need to activate cluster development in the context of the post-war reconstruction of Ukraine, because it is innovative clusters that have the ability to accumulate the necessary amount of financial resources, as well as to form the necessary labor potential, which significantly increases the effectiveness of innovative activities. It was determined that in order to increase the effectiveness of the implementation of the technological potential, it is appropriate to monitor the integral coefficient and partial coefficients that characterize the implementation of the technological potential within the innovation cluster and its individual components. The methodology for calculating such a coefficient is proposed and tested within the innovation cluster.

Education as a solution for a sustainable society

The article presents ideas to demonstrate that Education is the instrument for building a sustainable society. Education is the training instrument that thinks about “man as a whole, in his relationships with others, with himself and with the world”. The construction of a Sustainable Society without compromising the continuity of the planet and the quality of life of the next generations depends on the values that involve this same society. The amount of financial resources, economic growth and the ability to consume alone do not provide a significant improvement in the quality of collective life. Sustainability, in the most varied dimensions, will not be achieved as long as society is based on “having” and not “being”. Education must establish an understanding of the importance of people being in the world and being part of it. The article is divided into three moments, namely: the first deals with sustainability, regarding its origin, concept and dimensions, the next discusses the relationship between sustainability and consumption and the third, the relationship between sustainability and Education. For the elaboration of the text, the inductive method was used with bibliographic and documental research.

COOPERATION OF UKRAINE WITH INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL AND CREDIT ORGANIZATIONS: CURRENT STATUS AND EXPANSION PROSPECTS

The article analyzes the state of Ukraine's cooperation with leading international financial organizations, paying special attention to such organizations as the International Monetary Fund, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the World Bank, the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the International Development Association. The article identifies the advantages and disadvantages of cooperation with the IMF. The investment and credit activity of IFRS in Ukraine is analyzed. The influence of IFRS on the economic development of the country has been studied. The features of Ukraine's cooperation with the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development are revealed. The most relevant joint projects of the World Bank and the Government of Ukraine are given. The subject of the study is theoretical and practical issues related to the role of international financial organizations in financing the state development of the country. The purpose of the article is to open to identify the impact of international financial and credit institutions on financing the social development of Ukraine. research methods. The work uses a combination of general scientific and specific methods and approaches, such as dialectics, consistency, the method of scientific abstraction, comparative and factor analysis, and the logical approach. Work results. The role and significance of the IFC as an important source of external financial resources are disclosed. Scientific approaches to the use of international financial assistance and ensuring economic development in conditions of financial imbalances are summarized. It is shown that the experience of international financial organizations and their recommendations make it possible to take into account global and regional trends and processes, risks and problems in the financial environment. This is important for shaping the financial policy of sovereign states and improving the formats of their cooperation in the international arena. Findings. Financial cooperation with international institutions is a powerful source and an effective tool for the development of the national economy. The resources of international financial institutions are used to implement programs aimed at market reform, ensuring the stability of the national currency, solving socio-economic problems, economic growth, financing the state budget deficit and balancing the balance of payments. But financial debt to these institutions makes the country's economy vulnerable and dependent on foreign creditors. Now, when Ukraine is in a state of crisis, the issue of finding resources in the external market needs an urgent solution. Of particular relevance is the search for ways to expand international financial cooperation of Ukraine, which is associated with the need to provide the national economy with the necessary amount of financial resources due to a lack of funds in the Ukrainian market. A sovereign country has advantages in obtaining external official financial resources in comparison with other economic entities, which are determined by the trust in the sovereign state. This means support in the international arena and better conditions for receiving financial assistance. Additional financial resources as part of external official assistance allow the introduction of the latest technologies and financing mechanisms of the IFC, which improves the best management of financial resources and increases the efficiency of their use.

Correlation between the concepts of “finance” and “financial resources”

This article is devoted to determining the legal and economic nature of financial resources. The relevance of this topic is due to the fact that financial resources are the main goal in achieving financial stability of the state, which increase the chances of survival in a market disaster, ensuring the repayment of obligations to government agencies and creditors and bring income to owners.
 The article analyzes the approaches of scholars to define the meaning of “finance” and “financial resources” reveals the essence of public finance, which means economic relations related to the formation, distribution and use of funds to perform functions and tasks of the state.
 The purpose of this article is to determine the content and amount of financial resources, as well as to clarify in terms of financial and legal research of their public nature.
 After analyzing the approaches of scientists, it is determined that finance as an economic category is considered as a system of economic relations, in the process of which funds are formed and used. It is proposed to define finance as a system of economic relations regulated by law, as a result of the functioning of which monetary funds are formed and used. While financial resources are an integral part of economic resources, which are funds of monetary and budgetary systems used to ensure continuous operation and development of the economy. for socio-cultural activities, management and defense needs.
 The authors came to the conclusion that the financial support of the state is a set of measures defined by regulations aimed at mobilizing the necessary amount of financial resources to ensure the economic basis of comprehensive and timely implementation of the state’s functional responsibilities. Due to the new economic approaches that give rise to legislative innovations, the structure of the financial system, which is formed by a combination of public and private finances, has changed significantly in recent years and acquired new forms and features.

Помощь развитию во внешней политике ФРГ

The article discusses the conceptual approaches and policies of Germany in the field of official development assistance (ODA). The FRG is the second largest donor country in terms of the absolute amount of financial resources that the government donates as ODA. However, there is an obvious gap between the official rhetoric and the actual practices of the German ODA policy. Development assistance has been actively used by Berlin to promote its political and economic interests and to address its security policy problems. Germany’s ODA policy is built primarily on a bilateral basis, the belief being that this form of cooperation allows a better control of financial resources and enables the donor country to more effectively articulate its interests. The fate of the most needy countries is of much less concern to the German authorities. The FRG, as well as the European Union, are trying to make their own priorities a platform for building cooperation with partners. The entry of the “Alliance 90/Greens” into a governmental coalition after the 2021 parliamentary elections will further shift the focus of Germany’s ODA policy towards combating climate change. However, the “Greens” are careful to avoid discussing what energy resources should become the basis of industrial development in least developed countries. Berlin is interested in maintaining its place among the world’s largest donors. In the arsenal of Germany’s foreign policy tools, development assistance serves to counter from afar new threats and challenges – terrorism, conflicts and illegal migration. It can be adapted to strengthen the position of the donor in the markets, political and public life of the recipient countries. With Germany having a significant influence on the formation and financing of the EU coordinating mechanisms, the FRG’s ODA policy can, when necessary, rely on the latter. However, the Germany’s ODA policy is not without vulnerabilities. Berlin often looks like a mentor who knows what to do and how to do it, although the reality almost always turns out to be more complicated than the speculative recipes. The main weakness of this policy lies in that its conceptual framework has been built according to European patterns and so is largely out of touch with the real needs of developing countries.

TASKS OF LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS IN THE FIELD OF FIRE IN LEGAL AND PRACTICAL TERMS, BASED ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE CITY OF BIELSKO-BIAŁA AND BIELSKI COUNTY – SELECTED ISSUES

The article presents the tasks imposed on the city of Bielsko-Biała in the field of fire protection, consisting of bearing the costs of equipment and maintenance of fire protection units in the field of Voluntary Fire Brigades by the commune. The amounts of financial resources spent on the above-mentioned purposes were given on the basis of the report on the condition of the city of Bielsko-Biała for 2018 and 2019. The poviat’s tasks in the field of fire protection were also discussed, and based on the report on the state of the Bielski poviat for 2018 and 2019, data on financial aid granted by the Bielski poviat for poviat structures of the State Fire Service and Volunteer Fire Brigades were provided. Some of the issues were devoted to indicating the legal basis for the operation and tasks performed by fire protection units performing tasks in the field of fire protection in the city of Bielsko-Biała and the Bielski poviat, i.e. the Municipal Headquarters of the State Fire Service in Bielsko-Biała and units of the Volunteer Fire Brigades. As regards the Municipal Headquarters of the State Fire Service, its organizational structure has been presented, with particular attention being paid to the rescue and firefighting units located in the city of Bielsko-Biała and the station located in Czechowice-Dziedzice. Tasks performed by the Municipal Headquarters of the State Fire Service in 2019 and for the period January - November 2020 for the city of Bielsko-Biała and the Bielski County were presented on the basis of statistical data of the Municipal Headquarters of the State Fire Service in Bielsko-Biała available on the website of the Headquarters. The tasks of the Volunteer Fire Brigades units, the rules of qualifying units of the Volunteer Fire Brigades to the National Rescue and Firefighting System and the rules of their departure to events in the city of Bielsko-Biała and the Bielski County were discussed. Tasks carried out by units of the Volunteer Fire Brigades in 2019 for the city of Bielsko-Biała and the Bielski County were presented on the basis of statistical data from the Municipal Headquarters of the State Fire Service in Bielsko-Biała available on the website of the Headquarters

Innovative development mechanisms of health care as a foundation of the social policy of the state

The social policy of a modern state should be aimed at creating conditions that ensure a decent life for a person and their free development as an individual. The most important areas of social activity of the state should be labor protection and improvement of people's health, ensuring a guaranteed minimum wage, full employment, state support for large families, students, motherhood and childhood, disabled people and pensioners. The objectives of social policy are: increasing incomes and social protection of the population; optimization of social and labor relations; improving the health of citizens; protection of motherhood and childhood and state support of the family. These factors determine the relevance ofstudying and developing methods of financing healthcare. The article pays attention to the issues of social insurance, as it is an integral part of the general insurance system. However, social insurance has a number of significant features that are determined by the requirements of social protection of citizens. Together with the state budget, significant amounts of financial resources are accumulated in social insurance funds, directed to solving problems of socio-economic development, which is reflected in this article. In the practice of healthcare financing in Kazakhstan, certain negative trends have developed, leading to inefficiency in the use of allocated budget allocations, which are emphasized in the work. Based on the results of the study, the issues of creating a stable financial base for compulsory social health insurance in the Republic of Kazakhstan are systematized.

МЕТОДИЧНИЙ ПІДХІД ДО РОЗРАХУНКУ ВАРТОСТІ ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ВІЙСЬКОВО-МОРСЬКИХ СИЛ ЗБРОЙНИХ СИЛ УКРАЇНИ

The decision on the further development of the Ukrainian Navy should be made at the state level, as the development of the Navy is inextricably linked with the development of high-tech and science-intensive industries. Construction is a long process that requires long-term planning, which is possible only at the strategic, state level. In addition, the implementation of the shipbuilding program requires significant amounts of financial resources, which requires not just to consider them in total defense spending, but as a separate program. Also, Ukraine today must decide how to protect and defend the sea coast and protect the interests of the state in the maritime economic zone, what to have and how to develop forces and means for this. Effective implementation of these measures is possible only if a clear understanding of the approaches to calculating the cost of use of units and subdivisions of the Navy of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, which have a land and surface component. Each of these parts has certain features regarding the calculation of the cost of its use because each type of resource has its own tolerances and limitations on their calculations. The authors of the article formed an approach to calculating the total cost of use of ships of the Ukrainian Navy because their cost indicators have the largest number of features of calculations, and their losses during use are more sensitive to the aircraft and virtually irreparable, including the duration of modern hostilities. In the article, the authors gave an example of calculating the cost of application for several groups of dissimilar forces under the same conditions in order to determine the order of rational composition and the option of using certain groups by military-economic criteria. Keywords: Naval forces, financial resources, cost of application of parts, organizational structures, irreparable losses, military-economic criterion.

Financial resources and junior secondary school students’ academic performance in Cross River State, Nigeria

The study investigated the relationship between financial resources and junior secondary school students’ academic performance in Cross River State, Nigeria. Four null hypotheses were formulated and tested. Ex-post facto design was used for the study. Subjects who participated in the study were 397 students from 277 public junior secondary schools in the study area but data was collected from only 386 representing 97.2 percent. Two instruments titled “Financial Resources Questionnaire (FRQ) and Junior Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance Scale (JSSSAPS)” were used for data collection. Data was analyzed using Population t-test and Multiple Regression analysis. The result indicated that junior secondary school students’ academic performance is significantly high. The result further revealed that financial resources in terms of: investment in school facilities, allocation of financial resources, structure of financial resources and amount of financial resources jointly predicts students’ academic performance. It was concluded that school business just like every other economic unit and business concerns alike, cannot thrive by mere availability of financial resources but by its utilization.

Оценка современной практики разработки стратегий социально-экономического развития крупных городов

The aim of the study is to assess the modern Russian practice of strategizing social and economic development of large cities. Methods used for the research were content analysis of urban strategies developed in accordance with the requirements of Federal Law No. 172-FZ “On Strategic Planning in the Russian Federation”, followed by a logical and comparative analysis of methodological approaches to address key objectives of strategizing tested in practice. These tasks include: assessment of the achieved goals and the social and economic development potential of a large city, identification of its competitive advantages, justification of strategic goals and targets, definition of the appropriate amount of financial resources, selection of the strategy implementation mechanism. Object database of our study includes the cities of Voronezh, Kazan, Kaliningrad, Magnitogorsk, Novosibirsk, Penza, Rostov-on-Don, Tver, Tolyatti and Ulan-Ude. The analysis made it possible to identify several significant weaknesses inherent in the mass practice of strategic municipal planning. The first one is the inadequacy of the used methodological approaches to the complicated character of key tasks of municipal strategy development. The second one concerns the absence of clear, unambiguously interpreted requirements that define the required quality level for the results obtained in the solution of key tasks. The third one is a non-systematic planning process, manifested in weak coordination between the main components of the strategy (mission and strategic goals, strategic goals and objectives, strategic goals and management tools and financial resources that ensure their achievement). The fourth one is the limited number of participants when developing strategies, which significantly reduces the abilities to include the interests of different stakeholder groups. The main reasons for the presence of these weaknesses were determined. In order to improve the quality of strategic municipal planning it is necessary to focus the activities of public authorities on their elimination.

Current models in the field of agricultural crops insurance

Agricultural production is an important and at the same time the most risky type of economic activity. Its reproductive process is associated with natural and climatic, biological and financial factors, the action of which in many cases is difficult to forgive and control. Crop production is particularly affected by cumulative natural risks. One of the ways to minimize agricultural risks is to use crop insurance as an important means of ensuring the riskiness of agricultural production from probable natural and weather factors. The pricing mechanism for crop insurance services is substantiated, based on the improvement of the insurer’s tariff policy when conducting crop insurance, which is implemented through a system of actuarial calculations and taking into account the peculiarities of insurance in the process of crop production. The possibility for insurance companies to carry out high-quality selection of agricultural risks, stimulating agricultural producers to insure, is analyzed. Actuarial balance has been studied as a necessary condition for improving the tariff policy of crop insurance, which should be based on such principles as: equivalence of insurance relations; admissibility; stability of insurance rates over a long period of time and expansion of insurance liability. The calculation of insurance rates has been improved by taking into account the availability of prices for insurance services, depending on the number of possible risks transferred to insurance and the amount of financial resources accumulated by the insurer, which should be sufficient to reimburse crops under crop insurance contracts. Actuarial balance is identified as a necessary condition for improving the tariff policy of crop insurance. The principles of insurance tariff policy to improve the calculation of insurance rates and the application of actuarial models in the field of crop insurance. Key words: tariff policy, insurance tariff, actuary, actuarial mathematics, actuarial model of agricultural insurance.