Amount Of Feed Consumption Research Articles

Bussiness Management System Of Catfish Cultivation Using Fuzzy Inference System Tsukamoto Methods

Catfish is a type of freshwater fish that is in great demand among people because it has high nutritional value. The high demand for catfish on the market is a promising business opportunity. The relatively fast maintenance period makes this cultivation much in demand. Management of a catfish farming business requires good strategy and planning so that the business process can provide optimal profits. Appropriate management practices, good planning can predict crop yields with minimal error rates. Based on past data from catfish farming businesses, catfish pond production results are influenced by several factors including pond area, number of seeds, and amount of feed. The catfish cultivation management system produces predictions of catfish harvest but ignores weather conditions, natural disasters and infectious diseases. The method used in crop yield prediction management is the Tsukamoto Fuzzy inference system. The Tsukamoto method applies monotonous reasoning and rules are built using expert knowledge, enabling the system to be able to conclude and manage predictions of catfish harvest based on data regarding pond size, number of seeds and amount of feed. System testing using 10 data shows prediction results obtained through manual calculations and system calculations, resulting in identical results. Further testing uses the white box method to ensure that the data implemented in the Tsukamoto fuzzy management system accurately produces logical decisions. Hence, it can be concluded that the management system using the Tsukamoto method is able to show effective performance in predicting harvest results based on data on pond area, number of seeds and amount of feed consumption. This management system is expected to be able to provide recommendations for catfish cultivation business planning for the community.

Growth Performance of Tilapia Fed Commercial Feed with Cellulolytic Bacteria from Ruminants

Bacteria have the ability to decompose cellulose into glucose monomers and make it a carbon source and energy source. Cellulolytic bacteria are found in the digestive tract of ruminants. Utilization of cellulolytic bacteria as a producer of cellulase enzymes can be applied to fish to increase feed digestibility so that it can support growth. Cellulolytic bacteria isolated from ruminant were introduced to tilapia through feed. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replications. A total of 25 tilapia with a length of 10 cm were kept in each aquarium with a capacity of 250 L for 2 mo. During feed maintenance, cellulolytic bacteria were added at a dose of 1 %, 2 %, 3 % and without bacteria as a control. The specific growth rate of tilapia treated with 2 % and 3 % bacteria significantly increased. The feed was more efficiently utilized by tilapia when compared to that without the addition of cellulolytic bacteria or at a dose of 1 %. The amount of feed consumption did not differ between treatments, while the survival rate of tilapia treated with bacteria was significantly higher than without bacteria. Cellulolytic bacteria isolated from the digestive tract of ruminants added to commercial feed significantly improved the growth performance of tilapia.

Growth Performance of Tilapia Fed with Feed Containing Moringa Leaf Meal and Shrimp Meal

The research objective of this study was to determine the impact of feed enrichment using Moringa leaf meal and shrimp meal on the growth performance of Tilapia. The initial weight of experimental fish was 6.10 ± 0.55 g/ head. The treatments given were Treatment A (feed without Moringa leaf meal and shrimp meal), Treatment B (commercial feed + 20% shrimp flour), Treatment C (commercial feed + 10% Moringa leaf meal + 20% shrimp meal), and Treatment D (commercial feed + 20% Moringa leaf meal + 20% shrimp meal). In total, there were 4 treatments with 3 replications each. Fish rearing lasted for 40 days. The results showed that the treatments had no effect on amount of feed consumption, protein efficiency ratio, specific growth rate, feed efficiency, survival rate, coefficient of variation and hepatosomatic index (p>0,05), but had an effect on the amount of protein consumption and body protein (p<0, 05). In conclusion, the enrichment of feed containing Moringa leaf meal and shrimp meal had no effect on the growth performance of Tilapia.

Evaluasi Penambahan Tepung Moluska Bakau (Telescopium telescopium) pada Pakan Komersil terhadap Kinerja Petumbuhan Benih Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.)

This study aims to analyze the effect of adding mangrove mollusk flour to the growth of catfish. The hope is that mangrove mollusk flour can replace fish meal and soybean meal as a source of protein in feed. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments in this study were P1 (control), P2 (commercial feed + 50 g TMB), P3 (commercial feed + 100 g TMB), P4 (commercial feed + 150 g TMB), and P5 (commercial feed + 200 g TMB). . Parameters observed in this study were absolute length growth, absolute weight growth, daily growth rate, amount of feed consumption, feed efficiency, survival rate and water quality (DO, pH and temperature). Based on the analysis of the Kruskall Wallis test, the dose of addition of mangrove mollusk flour had no significant effect (P>0.05) on all observation parameters. Meanwhile, data on water quality is still in need of catfish seeds.

Performa Ayam Broiler Strain Cobb yang Diberi Herbal Kunyit

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui performa ayam broiler yang diberi herbal kunyit dengan pemberian melalui pakan dan air minum. Ayam yang digunakan adalah DOC strain Cobb sebanyak 96 ekor, 8 ekor untuk setiap unit percobaan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Susunan perlakuan yaitu : T0 = Pakan basal, T1 = Pakan basal + 2 % kunyit dari jumlah konsumsi pakan dan T2 = Pakan basal + 2 % kunyit dari jumlah konsumsi air minum. Parameter yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu performa ayam broiler yang terdiri dari konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, konversi pakan, mortalitas dan Income over feed and chick cost. Konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, konversi pakan dan mortalitas tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan secara nyata (P>0,05). Income over feed and chick cost tertinggi pada perlakuan T2 yaitu Rp 11.582,-. Kesimpulan dari peneltian ini adalah pemberian kunyit lebih optimal jika diaplikasikan melalui air minum pada taraf 2%.

Research on the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on endoplasmic reticulum stress and oxidative stress in high-fructose corn syrup-fed rats

Purpose The debate on the metabolic effects of high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) continues. The deterioration of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis is called ER stress. Glucose-regulated protein-78 (GRP-78) and X-box binding protein-1 (XBP-1) are key markers of ER stress and the therapeutic targets of diseases. Sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c) is the most important transcription factor that regulates the expression of enzymes for fatty acid synthesis. The purpose of this paper is to research the effects of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone on ER stress and oxidative stress parameters, and to explore the therapeutic potential of L-carnitine and trans-chalcone molecules. Design/methodology/approach Forty male wistar albino rats randomly selected were divided into five groups. All groups are fed with standard chow (ad libitum). While Group I was fed with drinking water, Group II, III, IV and V were fed with water containing 15% HFCS. L-carnitine was given to Group IV and trans-chalcone to Group V, and both were dissolved with DMSO and given intraperitoneally. Group III was not given anything additional. Findings While the amount of water consumption of HFCS-fed rats has increased, the amount of feed consumption has decreased. The weights of rats in Group II and Group III have increased significantly compared to Group I (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). In Group III, GRP78, XBP-1; malondialdehyde level (p < 0.001, p = 0.001, p = 0.041); total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL levels (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, p = 0.009, p = 0.001, respectively) have increased significantly. Originality/value To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first report to show that excessive HFCS consumption causes oxidative stress and ER stress. The antioxidant and antiobesity properties of trans chalcone have been demonstrated. Extensive experimental and clinical studies should be conducted.

The influence of extract Kasumba Turate (Carthamus tinctorius linn) on broiler chicken performance

Increased broiler performance can be achieved with the addition of KasumbaTurate Extract (KTE) in drinking water. The purpose of this study is to determine how the effects of the addition of KTE in drinking water of broiler with different levels. The research was carried out for 5 weeks using its commission 5 and 4 replicates and thus require 20 plots. The treatment consists of R0: without KTE and Vit C; R1: Vit C 0.1 ml/1 L of drinking water; R2: 1.25 ml/1 LKTE of drinking water; R3: 1.50 ml/1 L KTE of drinking water; R4: 1.75 ml/1 L KTE of drinking water. The results showed that the treatment did not affect (p>0.05) on the amount of feed consumption, water consumption, body weight gain and carcass of a broiler. Treatment R0, R1, R2 shows an increasing trend in water consumption, feed consumption, and carcass, while the treatment of R3, R4 showed an increasing trend in body weight gain of a broiler. Conclusions from the study showed that the KTE can be used as an antioxidant for the broiler until the highest level of 1.75 ml, but does not affect the performance of broiler.

THE CHARACTERISTIC OF COMPOUND FEEDS FOR TILAPIA FISH

The article states that, according to the literature review, in aquaculture of freshwater fish species that acquire everincreasing production volumes, tilapia is leading with 17%, and it is follower by carp (15% of world volume). For almost 60 years, tilapia have moved into second place in the global fish production, with the prospect of taking first place in the next 2-3 years and overtake carp in world production. Since fish is a rich source of proteins and essential amino acids, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, macro and micronutrients, it is also an important component of the diet of the population. Meat of tilapia is dense, non-fat, protein content close to trout meat, does not contain intermuscular bones. One of the priorities of the development of fish farming in Ukraine is the cultivation of tilapia. The amount of feed consumption in the world is increasing every year, due to the rapid growth in demand for tilapia. Currently, Ukrainian businessmen are interested in the production of catfish and tilapia. The most famous aquapride plants that grow these breeding objects are Lauren Aquaculture LLC (Rivne region), Aqua System Organic LLC (Kiev region), Catfish from Pavlysh TM (Kirovograd region), TM “First City Fish Farm ‘’I want a catfish ”(Kiev). That is why the production of balanced domestic feed for tilapia is an important task of the feed industry of Ukraine. The theoretical study was devoted to the issue of tilapia feed production. The nutritional value of feed for tilapia depends on the stage of the life cycle of this species of fish. It was shown the world leading manufacturers of feed for tilapia, it was analyzed the nutritional value of feed for this species of fish on the content of crude protein in the starting, growth and finishing periods, respectively. The requirements for the content of essential nutrients, essential amino acids, minerals (micro and micronutrients), water-and fat-soluble vitamins and restrictions on the content of crude fiber are given. The programs of feeding of tilapia of various producers are analyzed and an own program of feeding this species of fish is developed, it is divided the starting, growth and finishing period of tilapia growing. For starter mixed feeds for tilapia, the content of crude protein should be at least 45%, crude fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 1.5%, gross energy not less than 18 MJ, crude ash not more than 8%. For grower’s feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 40 %, crude fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 3%, gross energy not less than 17 MJ, crude ash not more than 9.5%. For finishing feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 30 %, crude fat at least 6%, crude fiber not more than 5%, gross energy not less than 17 MJ, crude ash not more than 7%. Amino acids requirements are very important for tilapia fish, feeds for tilapia from any period should contain lysine should be at least 1.6%, methionine should be at least 0.7 %.

PERFORMA AYAM KAMPUNG SUPER YANG DI BERI LEVEL PENAMBAHAN TEPUNG KULIT KAKAO (Theobroma cacao, L.) FERMENTASI DALAM RANSUM

This research aims to find out the appearance of free-range chicken fed with the addition og cocoa skin flour (Theobroma cacao L.)fermented in feeds.the design used is a Completely Randomixed Design with four treatmens and four tepetitions. The parameters observed and measured are the amount of feed consumption, body weight gain, and feed conversion. The data analysis used is the analysis of variance. The findings show that addition of famented cocoa skin flour in level 0%, 5%, 10% do not significantly b influence (P0.05) on the feed consumption,body weight gain and the value of feed conversion in free-range chicken. The conlusion is the additional level of fermented cocoa skin flour to the level of 15% does not influence the appearance of free-range chicken

PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI TERNAK BABI GROWER YANG MENGGUNAKAN TEPUNG KULIT KOPI SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGGANTI SEBAGIAN DEDAK HALUS PADA PAKAN

GROWER PRODUCTION PERFORMANCE USE FLOUR COFFEE PULP AS SUBSTITUTION MATERIALS TO A PARTS OF FINE BRAN ON FEED. Various feed ingredients or waste that have not been utilized for example the skin of coffee fruit can be an alternative feed ingredient source of crude fiber see its content in the skin of the fruit coffee is 33.60%. North Sulawesi, especially Bolaang Mogondow, which is a center of coffee plantation, has a plantation area of 4,097.7 ha, with coffee production reaching 2,135.46 tons of raw material which has not been separated between coffee fruit with its leaves and stems. After the separated coffee fruit obtained as much as 1,288.22 tons per year. Coffee fruit is processed to separate between the seeds and skin after separated obtained by the skin of coffee fruit as much as 448,449 tons. The appearance of production by looking at weight gain, the amount of consumption and the efficiency of feed use is part of the requirement to see the production capability of pigs. The study was conducted for 66 days consisting of 52 days of data collection period and 2 weeks preliminary collecting data aims to determine the effect of coffee skin use as a substitute of some fine bran on the production performance of the grower pigs to the finisher. The study used 16 male and female pigs grower period aged 12-16 weeks descent kinds Yorkshire and Landrace. Randomized block design with four levels of treatment that is 0, 25%, 50%, 75% coffee pulp as a partial replacement of fine bran in 4 groups. Differences in body weight is a replication of the study. The result of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the powder of coffee husk as substitute of bran to the weight gain gave real effect (P <0.05), the amount of feed consumption did not give real effect (P> 0.05) Feed gave a real effect. The result is the use of coffee leaf powder as a substitute of some fine bran in grower pigs until finisher can provide good growth and efficient use of good feed.Keywords: Phase grower, finisher, flour coffee skin

Development strategies of sea bass enterprises in Mediterranean region of Turkey

The study presents the current structure of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Mugla, Antalya, Mersin, and Hatay provinces where cultured fish productions are intensive were chosen as research survey area. The data used in this research has been obtained by simple random sampling in 2009-2010 production terms by questionnaire performed in 72 Sea Bass enterprises. The structure of fish production was described based on the statistical data provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair (MARA) as well as Turkey Statistic Institute (TUIK). The data have been processed into the following indicators: The structure of Sea Bass enterprises such as 4Rs (Resources Reduce, Reused, and Recycling), productivity and profitability.Based on annual operation results, Gross Margin was calculated as $83,194 for earthen pond enterprises and $168,840 for cage enterprises. Net Income was $59,528 for earthen pond enterprises and $118,385 for cage enterprises. Agricultural Income was calculated $79,888 for earthen pond enterprises and $146,333 for cage enterprises. For earthen pond enterprises, financial profitability was 20.16% and economical profitability was 20.71%. For cage enterprises, financial profitability was 18.25% and economical profitability was 18.87%. The cost of Sea Bass and Sea Bream were calculated 4.91, 4.54, 4.98 and 4.87 $/Kg for earthen pond and cage enterprises, respectively. As result of research, machine capital and feed consumption were calculated higher for cage enterprises where economic and financial profitability were lower. In this case, decreasing amount of machine capital and feed consumption will minimize the enterprise costs. The enterprises may maximize profitability with renting machine instead of investing, and optimizing amount of feed consumption. Key words: Sea Bream (Sparus auratus), sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Economics analyses, Turkey.

Economic Analysis and Development Strategies of Sea Bass Enterprises in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey

The study presents the current structure of Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus Labrax) in the Mediterranean Region of Turkey. Mugla, Antalya, Mersin, and Hatay provinces where cultured fish productions intensive were chosen as research survey area. The data which has been used in research has been obtained by simple randomly sampling in 2009-2010 production term by questionnaire performed in 72 Sea Bass enterprises. The structure of fish production was described based on the statistical data provided by Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affair (MARA) as well as Turkey Statistic Institute (TUIK). The data have been processed into the following indicators: The structure of Sea Bass enterprises such as 4Rs (Resources, Reduce, Reused, and Recycling), productivity and profitability. Based on annual operation results, Gross Margin was calculated 83194$ for earthen pond enterprises and 168840$ for cage enterprises. Net Income was 59528$ for earthen pond enterprises and 118385$ for cage enterprises. Agricultural Income was calculated 79888$ for earthen pond enterprises and 146333$ for cage enterprises. For earthen pond enterprises, financial profitability was 20,16% and economical profitability was 20,71%. For cage enterprises, financial profitability was 18,25% and economical profitability was 18,87%. The cost of Sea Bass and Sea Bream were calculated 4.91$/Kg, 4,54$/Kg, and 4,98$/Kg, 4.87 $/Kg for earthen pond and cage enterprises respectively. As result of research, machine capital and feed consumption were calculated higher for cage enterprises where economic and financial profitability were lower. In this case, decreasing amount of machine capital and feed consumption will minimize the enterprise costs. The enterprises may maximize profitability with renting machine instead of investing, and optimizing amount of feed consumption.

섬유질배합사료 급여가 비육후기 거세한우의 반추위 발효성상, 소화율 및 산육성에 미치는 영향

본 연구는 시판 비육후기용 사료와 볏짚을 급여한 관행적 비육후기 사료급여형태(대조구)와 특정 비육농가에서 급여하고 있는 섬유질배합사료의 단독급여 효과를 비교하기 위해 증체량, 사료효율, 도체등급 등을 조사하였고(시험 1), 결과 해석을 위해 시험 2에서 반추위 발효성상에 미치는 영향과 소화율을 조사하였다. 비육후기의 섬유질배합사료 사료의 급여효과 시험에서는 섬유질배합사료의 건물 사료섭취량이 1일 7.4kg으로 대조구와 차이가 없었고, 일당 증체량에서는 718ｇ으로 대조구 775ｇ보다 낮았으나 유의성은 없었다. 1kg 증체에 필요한 사료요구량에서는 섬유질배합사료구가 10.5kg으로 대조구보다 약 0.8kg 더 높았다. 대조구의 Ａ등급 출현율은 22%였으나, 섬유질배합사료구는 33%로 섬유질배합사료구의 A등급 출현율이 높았고, 육질 등급에서도 1등급 출현율이 대조구와 섬유질배합사료구에서 각각 56%와 75%로 섬유질배합사료구가 현저히 높았다. 섬유질배합사료 사료의 건물을 비롯한 조단백, 조지방, 그리고 총에너지의 전장소화율은 대조구와 비교하여 약 1.2-1.6배 더 유의적으로 높았던 것으로 나타났다. 반추위 내의 pH 변화는 섬유질배합사료구가 배합사료를 급여한 관행구보다 높은 pH 6.0이상에서 비교적 안정적으로 유지되었다. 반추위내 NH3-N 농도는 섬유질배합사료구가 사료급여 후 8시간 후까지 높은 수준에서 유지되었고, 특히 사료급여 2시간 후 까지 대조구의 2배에 이르는 28.2mg/<TEX>$d\ell$</TEX>까지 급격히 증가하였다(P<0.05). 대조구와 섬유질배합사료구의 총 VFA 함량은 사료급여 후 2시간까지 증가하였다가 그 후 감소하는 경향이 비슷하였으며, 유의적인 차이도 없었다. 그러나 branch chained fatty acid (BCFA)인 iso-butyric acid와 iso-valeric acid의 비율에서는 섬유질배합사료와 대조구간에 차이가 있었고, 특히 사료급여 후 3-5시간 내에 섬유질배합사료구가 유의성있게(P<0.01) 높았다. 본 시험의 결과, 섬유질배합사료 급여는 한우의 반추위 발효를 안정화시키고 비육후기 산육성 및 육질등급을 높이는 효과가 있었다. This experiment was carried out to compare the effects of feeding commercial formula feed and rice straw separately (control) versus a total mixed ration (TMR) on productivity of Hanwoo steers in late stage of fattening and on ruminal fermentation characteristics and digestibilities. Ruminal digesta from the cannulated cattle were sampled at 0, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8 hour after feeding. The steers fed TMR consumed 7.4kg per day and there was no difference between feeding systems. Daily weight gain was not significantly (P>0.05) between feeding systems, however, TMR group showed lower daily gain than control group. The amount of feed consumption per kg weight gain was higher in TMR group than control group (10.5kg and 9.7kg, respectively), resulting in a greater efficiency of feed utilization for gain. In the result of appearance rates of quality grade A were 33% higher for TMR group than those in control group. Appearance rates of grade 1 showed 56% and 75% when fed the control and TMR, respectively. Digestibilities of dry matter, crude protein, crude fiber and gross energy for TMR treatment were significantly higher (P<0.01) than those of control. Prior to feeding (0 h) and each subsequent hour, the TMR resulted in higher rumen pH (P<0.05) when compared with control ration. The concentration of NH3-N for TMR treatment maintained at higher level up to 8hr after feeding, especially increased up to 28.2mg/<TEX>$d\ell$</TEX> during 1-2 hour which was two times (P<0.05) more than control. The amount of total VFA showed same trends between feeding systems. However, the ratios of branched chained fatty acid such as iso-butyric acid and iso-valeric acid for TMR treatment were significantly(P<0.01) higher than control for 3-5hr. Results showed that TMR in these trials is effective feeding system for fattening Hanwoo steers in the respect of ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility and productivities.

Pengaruh Pembatasan Protein Pada Umur Dini Terhadap Performan Ayam Broiler

ABSTRACT. An experiment was conducted for six weeks to study the effect of early restricted protein on performance of broiler in 96 three days old Hubbard chicks. This number of birds were randomly divided into three experimental groups, each consisting of 32 birds was divides into four replications of 8 birds. Which were then placed into 55 x 50 x 50 cm cages at the rate of four birds per cage. Group one, two and three were fed 24%, 20%, and 16% crude protein respectively fot the first 3 weeks, and four the second 3 weeks all groubs were fed 20% crude protein. All birds were maintained with feed and water always available. The amount of feed consumption each week during the experiment was recorded. The initial weight of each bird was recorded at the beginning of the experiment. At the first 3 weeks 16% crude protein decreased weight gains and feed efficiency of chickens significantly (P 0.05) below that of the 20% and 24% crude protein groups. However, at the second three weeks there were no significant differences among the three groups of birds. There were no significant differences among the groups of birds in feed consumption during the six weeks of the experiment.

Feed Intake Effects Upon Gain, Carcass Yield, and Ration Digestibility in Broilers Force Fed Five Feed Intakes

Broiler chicks were force fed 75, 100, 125, 140 and 160% of the consumption observed by ad libitum-fed controls to examine feed intake effects upon productivity. Live body weight gain increased with feed intake up to the 140% consumption but was depressed above this point. Feed efficiency and fat, ash, ration (corrected for uric excretion mass), protein (corrected for uric acid excretion nitrogen), and starch digestibility estimates declined by 30, 56, 25, 16, 16, and 2%, respectively, as feed consumption increased from 75 to 160% of ad libitum consumption. Neutral detergent fiber digestibility was not affected by amount of feed consumption. Initial digesta passage rate, estimated by first appearance of ferric oxide in feces, averaged 215 min and was not correlated (P>.4) with feed intake. Gastrointestinal tract mass plus contents increased with feed intake and accounted for up to 67% of the increased live body weight gain. Birds apparently adjusted to feed intake level by varying gastrointestinal tract size (mass) and not passage rate. Dressing percentage declined from a high of 73% for birds fed at the lowest feed intake to a low of 63% at the highest feed intake. Carcass gain was 50% greater for the 160 vs 75% group, but most of this (41%) was reached at the ad libitum consumption level. Carcass gain-to-feed ratios were .42, .41, .32, .27, and .21 for the five intakes, respectively. Drumstick, breast, and thigh gains were not (P>.01) influenced by increased feed consumption above the ad libitum-fed controls but were depressed (P>.05) at the 75% feed intake. Abdominal fat increased with feed intake to a level equal to 230% of that of birds fed at 75% level. Physiological processes other than those associated with feed intake regulation, including ability to digest feedstuffs and absorb nutrients, limit carcass growth rate of broilers reared in thermoneutral environments.

The Effect of Replacing Sorghum Grains with Corn Along with Phytase and NSP Enzymes on Yield and Blood Parameters of Broilers

In this research, the effects of replacing grain sorghum with corn along with phytase and NSP enzymes on the performance and blood parameters of broiler chickens were investigated. Different levels of grain sorghum (0, 5, and 10%) and two levels of phytase enzyme and NSP (0 and 0.1%) were used in feeding broilers. At the end of the period (42 days old), blood samples were taken and blood serum parameters were measured. During the test period, the amount of feed consumed, daily weight gain, food conversion ratio, and carcass characteristics were measured. The experimental treatments include 1- control diet (without sorghum and no enzyme), 2- control diet + without sorghum + 0.1 enzyme, 3- control diet + 5% sorghum + without enzyme, 4- control diet + 5% sorghum + 1 0. enzyme, 5- control diet + 10% sorghum + no enzyme and 6- control diet + 10% sorghum + 0.1 enzyme. The statistical design used in this experiment was a 2x3 factorial method in the form of a completely random design, with 6 treatments and 3 repetitions (15 chickens in each repetition), and a total of 270 Ross 308 strain broiler chickens were used. The results of the feed consumption showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the main effect of sorghum in the first and sixth weeks and in the main effect of enzyme only in the last week (p&lt;0.05). The results of live weight gain showed that a statistically significant difference was observed only in the main effect of sorghum in the fifth and sixth weeks (p&lt;0.05), (p&lt;0.05) so the ratio without sorghum had the highest amount of live weight. The results of food conversion ratio showed that only in the main effect of sorghum, a statistically significant difference was observed in the fifth week (p&lt;0.05), so the diet without sorghum showed the highest food conversion ratio. The results of the carcass traits showed that a statistically significant difference in the weight of the liver, spleen, pancreas, small intestine, large intestine and, cecum was observed only in the main effect of sorghum (p&lt;0.05). The results of blood tests at the end of the experiment showed that there was a statistically significant difference in the amount of cholesterol, HDL, and LDL in the main effect of sorghum (p&lt;0.05). The general results of the research showed that the addition of different levels of sorghum and enzymes in the diet did not have a favorable effect on the amount of feed consumption, live weight, and carcass traits, but the level of 10% sorghum improved the food conversion ratio in some weeks of the experiment.