Abstract
The article states that, according to the literature review, in aquaculture of freshwater fish species that acquire everincreasing production volumes, tilapia is leading with 17%, and it is follower by carp (15% of world volume). For almost 60 years, tilapia have moved into second place in the global fish production, with the prospect of taking first place in the next 2-3 years and overtake carp in world production. Since fish is a rich source of proteins and essential amino acids, vitamins, polyunsaturated fatty acids, macro and micronutrients, it is also an important component of the diet of the population. Meat of tilapia is dense, non-fat, protein content close to trout meat, does not contain intermuscular bones. One of the priorities of the development of fish farming in Ukraine is the cultivation of tilapia. The amount of feed consumption in the world is increasing every year, due to the rapid growth in demand for tilapia. Currently, Ukrainian businessmen are interested in the production of catfish and tilapia. The most famous aquapride plants that grow these breeding objects are Lauren Aquaculture LLC (Rivne region), Aqua System Organic LLC (Kiev region), Catfish from Pavlysh TM (Kirovograd region), TM “First City Fish Farm ‘’I want a catfish ”(Kiev). That is why the production of balanced domestic feed for tilapia is an important task of the feed industry of Ukraine. The theoretical study was devoted to the issue of tilapia feed production. The nutritional value of feed for tilapia depends on the stage of the life cycle of this species of fish. It was shown the world leading manufacturers of feed for tilapia, it was analyzed the nutritional value of feed for this species of fish on the content of crude protein in the starting, growth and finishing periods, respectively. The requirements for the content of essential nutrients, essential amino acids, minerals (micro and micronutrients), water-and fat-soluble vitamins and restrictions on the content of crude fiber are given. The programs of feeding of tilapia of various producers are analyzed and an own program of feeding this species of fish is developed, it is divided the starting, growth and finishing period of tilapia growing. For starter mixed feeds for tilapia, the content of crude protein should be at least 45%, crude fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 1.5%, gross energy not less than 18 MJ, crude ash not more than 8%. For grower’s feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 40 %, crude fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 3%, gross energy not less than 17 MJ, crude ash not more than 9.5%. For finishing feeds, the content of crude protein should be at least 30 %, crude fat at least 6%, crude fiber not more than 5%, gross energy not less than 17 MJ, crude ash not more than 7%. Amino acids requirements are very important for tilapia fish, feeds for tilapia from any period should contain lysine should be at least 1.6%, methionine should be at least 0.7 %.
Highlights
Tacon A. (2008) notes that in freshwater aquaculture, the main fish species that are gaining evergrowing production are tilapia - 17% and carp fish - 15% 1
For starter mixed feeds for tilapia, the content of crude protein should be at least 45%, crude fat at least 12%, crude fiber not more than 1.5%, gross energy not less than 18 MJ, crude ash not more than 8%
The authors have analyzed the feeding programs for tilapia, on the basis of which the following conclusions can be drawn (Fig. 2, Table 4): - the feed producers use tilapia feeding programs that differ in nutritional value of feed; - modern feeding programs mainly divide the tilapia breeding period into prestart, start, grower’s and production (Fig. 2); or fish of the same age within the same manufacturer make feed, which differ in nutritional value, it was noticed the tendency to a decrease in the content of crude protein with an increase in the body weight of tilapia fish, which is similar for other fish species (Fig. 2)
Summary
Tacon A. (2008) notes that in freshwater aquaculture, the main fish species that are gaining evergrowing production are tilapia - 17% and carp fish - 15% 1. Industrial cultivation of tilapia, as an object of fish farming, has begun in 1957. The production of farmed tilapia has witness a 6-fold increase during the past 15 years, jumping from 383,654 mt in 1990 to 2,096,187 mt in 2005 (FAO, 2007 3 ). For nearly 60 years, tilapia has moved into 2nd place in the world fish production, with the prospect of taking the first place in the [2,3] years and overtaking carp in terms of the global production 1. According to the WorldFish Center and the University of Guelph, the volume of feed consumption in the world is growing every year, which is associated with a rapid increase in demand for tilapia (Fig. 1). The most famous manufacturers of feed products such as: Cargill, Purina, Biomar, Coppens 1-3
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