Amount Of Debris Research Articles

Automatic detection and identification of diatoms in complex background for suspected drowning cases through object detection models.

The diagnosis of drowning is one of the most difficult tasks in forensic medicine. The diatom test is a complementary analysis method that may help the forensic pathologist in the diagnosis of drowning and the localization of the drowning site. This test consists in detecting or identifying diatoms, unicellular algae, in tissue and water samples. In order to observe diatoms under light microscopy, those samples may be digested by enzymes such as proteinase K. However, this digestion method may leave high amounts of debris, leading thus to a difficult detection and identification of diatoms. To the best of our knowledge, no model is proved to detect and identify accurately diatom species observed in highly complex backgrounds under light microscopy. Therefore, a novel method of model development for diatom detection and identification in a forensic context, based on sequential transfer learning of object detection models, is proposed in this article. The best resulting models are able to detect and identify up to 50 species of forensically relevant diatoms with an average precision and an average recall ranging from 0.7 to 1 depending on the concerned species. The models were developed by sequential transfer learning and globally outperformed those developed by traditional transfer learning. The best model of diatom species identification is expected to be used in routine at the Medicolegal Institute of Paris.

Apical extrusion of debris when using OneCurve, ProTaper Next and TruNatomy in curved canals.

The extrusion of apical debris is related to various factors, and may be affected by variations in technique or instrumentation system. Although the extrusion cannot be completely prevented, it is crucial to minimize the amount of extruded material. The present study aimed to compare apical debris extrusion by the novel TruNatomy (TRN), OneCurve (OC) and ProTaper Next (PTN) instruments in curved root canals. A total of 60 multi-rooted human mandibular molar teeth with moderate and severe curvature were selected and randomly divided into 3 groups. The root canals were prepared with the OC, TRN and PTN files. For collecting the debris extruded through the apical foramen, Eppendorf tubes were used. After the vaporizing period, the tubes were re-weighed, and the amount of the extruded debris was calculated by subtracting the initial weight from the final weight. Statistical analysis was performed with the Shapiro-Wilk and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The statistical significance level was set at p < 0.05. The least amount of debris was extruded with TRN and the greatest with PTN, but the difference between the groups was not significant (p = 0.257). All instrumentation systems were associated with debris extrusion. The tested file systems presented similar results in terms of apical debris extrusion in curved canals. The novel TRN system demonstrated promising results, comparable to OC and PTN.

INTERNATIONAL SECURITY AND OUTER SPACE – TODAY’S LAW CHALLENGES

Space security means safe and permanent access to space and limiting threats coming from there. This definition also includes the security aspects of man-made devices sent into space and of ground stations. Space infrastructure can be described as a network of space and ground systems connected by communication channels and allowing access to space. Today, the largest space powers have begun to consider space as an operational domain of warfare. Space more and more often appears to be a field for competition, which might become an arena of conflict. The aim of this article is to present today’s many law challenges to the security of space infrastructure, such as unintentional threats (space debris, geomagnetic and solar storms, and other random disturbances), intentional threats (ASAT anti-satellite weapons, malicious interference, and cyber-attacks), the growing problems of Earth orbit congestion, and the increasing amount of space debris from devices launched into space. The article also presents the role of international organizations (such as the UN Committee on the Peaceful Uses of Outer space) in making laws that are intended to observe and react to all changes necessary in the outer space environment and to be proactive to help outer space to be safe and secure for all mankind. The conclusion is, however, not optimistic. Space security is a sensitive issue, mainly during conflicts or wars. States are not inclined to bind themselves by international law in this matter. Thus, due to the absence of hard international law (treaties), bilateral and multilateral agreements as well as the best practices from countries that organize space flights must apply. Space monitoring systems, such as the Situational Awareness System (SSA), the code of conduct in space, the UN Long Term Sustainability, or the space Traffic Management rules are legal tools to manage the above challenges in space today.

Motion simulation analysis of wear debris in an integrated detection unit for lubricating oil

Accurate wear debris detection is vital for diagnosing engine wear. However, due to uncertainties in debris behavior, size, and operating conditions, identifying different materials with a single sensor is challenging. To improve sensitivity and accuracy, we propose an integrated detection unit for wear debris in lubricating oil, emphasizing multifunction integration and active intervention. This unit includes a static mixer, a flared transition zone, and a sensor-equipped detection zone. Parametric analysis reveals that debris mixed in the static mixer tends to aggregate toward the center, forming three distinct distribution rings at the detection unit's outlet. A 90° blade angle and a 1:1 aspect ratio enhance the difference in debris quantity between inner and outer rings. To enhance detection reliability, installing capacitive sensors at the front and electromagnetic sensors at the rear of the detection zone can improve the accuracy of detecting different materials debris. This concept offers a multifunctional solution for precise wear debris detection, addressing complex wear scenarios in engines.

Effect of fiber orientation on tribological properties of fiber‐reinforced C/C–SiC composites mated with ceramic ball

AbstractCarbon fiber–reinforced SiC ceramic matrix composites (C/C–SiC composites) with advantages of high wear resistance and corrosion resistance are of high application potential as ceramic bearings. In this study, the frictional and wear behaviors of C/C–SiC with different fiber orientations mating with Al2O3 and SiC balls, respectively, have been investigated. Results reveal that fiber orientation effectively affects the friction and wear properties of carbon–ceramic composites in paired friction experiments with ceramic balls. In comparison to C/C–SiC with unidirectional fiber orientation, C/C–SiC pads with randomly arranged fibers exhibited a more stable coefficient of friction and lower volume wear, presenting the best performance among the pads considered herein, which may have the potential to be applied to bearing materials. The factors affecting the formation of continuous tribo‐film, which influence the comprehensive performance, are researched. It is proposed that the amount of wear debris and the formation of SiC/SiC micro‐hard frictional pairs may inhibit or promote the formation of continuous friction film. The dominant wear mechanisms for friction pairs of C/C–SiC and ceramic are abrasive wear and oxidation wear.

Plastic pollution on remote islands: A baseline study of Príncipe, Gulf of Guinea

Plastic is the most abundant marine anthropogenic debris in the ocean and is of serious global environmental concern. Projects aimed at monitoring plastic pollution quantities are key in evaluating the success of reduction. This study provides baseline information on the quantities of marine debris found on the island of Príncipe in the Gulf of Guinea in the Atlantic coast of Central Africa. A total of 13,196 items were collected with 64.5% of these items being plastic. Plastic pieces the size of 2.5–50 cm made up 20.8% of all plastic items, followed by plastic bags (13.3%) and fishing material (11.39%). The density of mesoplastic items (<25 and >5mm) ranged between 0 and 6.78 items m−2. Beach location, community presence, and beach level (for turtle-nesting beaches) were important factors in explaining differences in plastic abundance and density around the island. Our results highlight the significance of high plastic pollution accumulation on remote islands.

Molecular dynamics study on friction of high-entropy alloy FeNiCrCoCu

High-entropy alloy (HEA) is composed of five or more metal elements. It has excellent mechanical properties, tribological properties, corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and other properties. The friction behavior of FeNiCrCoCu High-entropy alloy was studied using molecular dynamics (MD) simulation method at the nanometer level. The influence of friction depth, temperature, sliding speed and cobalt content on the frictional properties of FeNiCrCoCu High-entropy alloy was studied with the help of LAMMPS and OVITO software. The main research results are as follows: (1) The change in friction force will first go through a growth period, and then gradually stabilize. The fluctuation of its value is due to the release of stress energy caused by dislocations and the accumulation of wear debris. (2) As the friction depth increases, the plowing phenomenon and the accumulation of debris become more obvious and plastic deformation increases. (3) Temperature has no significant effect on the magnitude of friction force and the morphology of the alloy substrate surface. (4) There is an insignificant positive correlation between sliding speed and friction force and sliding speed does not have a significant impact on the amount of debris. (5) With the increase of the content of cobalt, the hardness and friction force of FeNiCrCoCu High-entropy alloy increase significantly at 600 K while the amount of wear debris decreases.

Analysis of High-Pressure extended SBO accident in VVER-1000: A sensitivity study on lower plenum structures modeling and core region nodalization in MELCOR

The lower plenum structures of VVER-1000 reactors exhibit a unique shape. This paper aims to investigate the sensitivity of various important parameters related to safety using different models in the MELCOR 1.8.6 code's COR package. The study focuses on modeling the lower plenum structures and the core region using different CVH package nodalizations during a High Pressure Extended Station Black-Out accident. At first, MELCOR calculated parameters are investigated during the course of a severe accident for a basic model of the lower plenum structures and core region nodalization. Different important parameters from a safety point of view are also examined. These include the total amount of in-vessel hydrogen production, the lower head breach time and elevation, the synchronicity between lower head breach and debris ejection, the total amount of hydrogen produced during molten corium concrete interaction, the total amount of ejected debris to the cavity, and the total amount of radioactive material release. Then, by considering sixteen different simulations corresponding to four lower plenum structures modeling and four core region nodalizations, the sensitivity of the mentioned parameters is investigated. The obtained results show a sensitivity of about 12.7% for the timing of the accident (equivalent to), 103% for the hydrogen produced inside the vessel (equivalent to 417.9 to 847.8 kg), 143% for the hydrogen produced outside the vessel (equivalent to 445.7 to 1081.4 kg), 47% for the total hydrogen produced (equivalent to 1207.5 to 1780.7 kg), and 76% for total radioactive material release (equivalent to 625.311 to 1101.892 kg) up to 24 h after the accident.

T-endo must, T-endo mis ve Reciproc Blue Kanal Eğeleri ile Kanal Şekillendirmesi Sırasında Apikalden Taşan Debris Miktarının Karşılaştırılması

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare the effect of nickel-titanium file systems with different taper angles working with rotation and reciprocation motion on the amount of debris extruding apically. MATERIALS AND METHOD: The study was performed using the Myers and Montgomery model. Forty-five human maxillary anterior teeth were inserted into preweighed Eppendorf tubes and randomly classified into three groups. After manual glide-path preparation, the teeth in each group were instrumented to the working length set 1 mm short of the anatomical apex using the standard sequence provided by the manufacturers: Group 1: Reciproc Blue (Easy In Smile, New Jersey, USA), Group 2: T-endo must (Dentac, İstanbul, Turkey),Group 3: T-endo mis (Dentac, İstanbul, Turkey). Root canals were irrigated with 10 mL 2.5% NaOCl, 17% EDTA, and distilled water between each file insertion. The tubes with collected debris were stored in an incubator at 70°C for 7 days. Measurement of the weight of extruded debris was performed by subtracting the pre-instrumentation from the post-instrumentation weight of the tubes. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s Honest Significant Difference Test (α=0.05). RESULTS: The weights of the apically extruded debris were 0.0094±0.0015 g in Group 1, 0.0075±0.0012 g in Group 2, and 0.0044±0.0010 g in Group 3, and the difference between all groups was statistically significant (p&amp;lt;0.05). CONCLUSION: The amount of apically extruded debris is related to the taper angle of the file used and the kinematics of the file.

Developing capacity for post-typhoon disaster waste management in Lautoka, Fiji, and Makati, Philippines

In recent years, Asia and the Pacific have been ravaged by strong typhoons that caused widespread destruction. The powerful winds from these typhoons ripped off roofs, windows, doors and walls from houses, and destroyed trees and other vegetation, leaving a vast amount of wooden, metallic, plastic, and glass debris and waste scattered across a wide area. Proper management of disaster waste is a critical task during the initial phase of disaster recovery. It is essential for coastal cities that are frequently affected by typhoons to have adequate capacity for post-disaster waste management. This capacity development project aimed to contribute to this end by providing appropriate knowledge and training to government and non-government stakeholders. The project was implemented in Lautoka City, Fiji and Makati City, Philippines, with the support of four prominent universities. In total, six training sessions were conducted under the project. The primary outputs of this project are the disaster waste management contingency plans of the two participating cities. The project team disseminated information about the capacity development project through the project website and through presentations in academic conferences, webinars, workshops, training, non-academic conferences, and radio guest appearances.

Mapping groundwater resilience to climate change and human development in Asian cities

In recent years, Asia and the Pacific have been ravaged by strong typhoons that caused widespread destruction. The powerful winds from these typhoons ripped off roofs, windows, doors and walls from houses, and destroyed trees and other vegetation, leaving a vast amount of wooden, metallic, plastic, and glass debris and waste scattered across a wide area. Proper management of disaster waste is a critical task during the initial phase of disaster recovery. It is essential for coastal cities that are frequently affected by typhoons to have adequate capacity for post-disaster waste management. This capacity development project aimed to contribute to this end by providing appropriate knowledge and training to government and non-government stakeholders. The project was implemented in Lautoka City, Fiji and Makati City, Philippines, with the support of four prominent universities. In total, six training sessions were conducted under the project. The primary outputs of this project are the disaster waste management contingency plans of the two participating cities. The project team disseminated information about the capacity development project through the project website and through presentations in academic conferences, webinars, workshops, training, non-academic conferences, and radio guest appearances.

Effect of two methods of irrigant agitation on the temperature and cleanliness of sodium hypochlorite associated or not with a chelator

Aim: This study investigated the influence in vitro of different sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) agitation protocols associated or not with DualRinse (HEDP) on the temperature of the solution. Methods: Forty-eight premolars were instrumented and their apical third sealed to allow a closed irrigation system. The teeth remained immersed in a basin of warm water (37°C). The teeth were divided into the groups: G1 (NaOCl+Passive Ultrasonic Irrigation (PUI)), G2 (NaOCl/HEDP + PUI), G3 (NaOCl + EasyClean (EC)) and G4 (NaOCl/HEDP + EC). The canals were filled with the respective solutions and after 180 seconds the first temperature measurement was taken (T0). Then, the solutions were agitated, following the different protocols, for 60 seconds and a new measurement was performed (T60). The temperature was measured using a digital thermometer for type “K” sensors that was inserted into the middle third of the teeth. At the end of the measurements, the teeth were sectioned and prepared for scanning electron microscopy. The dentinal wall of middle third was graded according to the amount of debris and smear layer remaining on the walls. The results were analyzed using ANOVA test and Tukey’s multiple comparisons (p&lt;0.05). Results: G1 and G2 had an average increase in temperature of 1.1°C and 1.65°C, respectively (p&gt;0.05). EasyClean caused a decrease in the temperature of the solutions in both groups, without a significant statistical difference with T0 (p&gt;0.05). Regarding cleaning, it was only possible to observe clean dentinal tubules in the groups with the chelator. PUI discretely increased the temperature of the solution, regardless of the solution. The opposite effect was observed after activation with EasyClean. Conclusion: The association of NaOCl with a chelating agent promoted the cleaning of the dentinal tubules.

Novel ground microgravity experiment system for a spacecraft-manipulator system based on suspension and air-bearing

With the development of aerospace technology, the on-orbit activities of large spacecraft are increasing day by day, and accordingly the amount of space debris is increasing. Therefore, a large spacecraft-manipulator system is needed to perform on-orbit service, such as, assembling large spacecraft and removing space debris. Before launching, the trajectory optimization and control algorithm of the spacecraft-manipulator system have to be verified on the ground microgravity experiment system since the complex systems are prone to failure. In this study, a ground microgravity experiment system based on suspension and air-bearing is proposed to provide a long-term and stable microgravity environment for the large spacecraft-manipulator system. A suspension gravity compensation system with multiple suspensions is designed for the redundant space manipulator that moves in three dimensions, and a suspension tracking smooth sliding mode control algorithm based on hierarchical control is presented. Then, the coupling-reduction strategy based on equivalent spring-mass is presented to reduce the electromechanical coupling of the suspension gravity compensation system and the space manipulator. For the roll and pitch motion of the large-mass/inertia spacecraft, the target spacecraft simulator with a 2-degree-of-freedom rotating mechanism is designed. Some air-bearings are installed on the base of the chaser spacecraft simulator and target spacecraft simulator, which produce an air gap to enable the frictionless plane motion of the spacecraft. Finally, the target spacecraft simulator transposition experiment was carried out. The results show that the residual torque of the space manipulator is very small, and the ground microgravity experiment system compensates the gravity of the spacecraft-manipulator system with high precision.

Comparative Evaluation of Different Irrigant Agitating Devices for Debris Removal from the Mesial Roots of Mandibular Molars: An In Vitro Study.

To evaluate the efficiency of debris removal from the mesial root canals and isthmus of mesial roots of mandibular molars after final irrigant agitation with XP-endo Shaper, EndoVac (EV), plastic finishing file, and conventional needle irrigation. Forty extracted human mandibular first molar teeth with the isthmus between the mesial roots were selected, access cavities were prepared and distal roots were decoronated. All the mesial root specimens were mounted in acrylic, sectioned at the coronal, middle, and apical thirds, along with the resin block, and examined for debris in the canals and isthmus before the start of the procedure using a stereomicroscope and were mounted back in a custom-made jig. After determination of the working length, they were allocated to the following four different irrigant activation groups (n = 10): Group I-XP-endo Finisher; group II-EndoVac; group III-plastic finishing file; and group IV-standard needle irrigation. After biomechanical preparation (BMP) till F3, final agitation was done for debris removal with the respective agitating devices, and all the samples were examined under a stereomicroscope for the amount of debris in the canal after final agitation. Of all the irrigation devices used, the XP-endo Finisher and EV showed more debris removal when compared to other groups (p < 0.05). The plastic finishing file in continuous rotation was more efficient in cleaning debris compared with conventional needle irrigation (p < 0.05). The XP-endo Finisher and EV showed a significant difference in cleaning efficacy than the plastic finishing files. So, these can be used as adjunctive for agitating the final irrigant. The irrigant agitation devices promote the penetration of irrigants into the intricate root canal anatomy and increase their antibacterial and tissue-dissolving effectiveness thereby improving the success rate and treatment outcome.

The use of sodium hypochlorite mixed with etidronic acid during canal preparation increases debris extrusion.

The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of different irrigation protocols on debris extrusion. Single-rooted teeth were distributed into groups based on the irrigation protocols (n = 40): 2.5% NaOCl (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL and final irrigation: 5 mL); 2.5% NaOCl (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL) + 17% EDTA (final irrigation: 2 mL) + 2.5% NaOCl (final irrigation: 3 mL); and a mixture of 5% NaOCl +18% HEDP (biomechanical preparation: 20 mL and final irrigation: 5 mL). The canals were prepared using a reciprocating instrument size 40/0.06. For final irrigation, the groups were reassigned based on the agitation methods (n = 10): (a) no agitation; (b) ultrasonic; (c) sonic; and (d) continuous rotation. The control group (n = 10) received saline solution without agitation. The amount of debris extruded was measured by weight and analysed using One-way ANOVA (α < 0.05). The subgroups treated with NaOCl + HEDP mixture showed a significantly higher amount of extruded debris (p < 0.05), while there was no difference among agitation methods in all groups (p > 0.05).

Sustainable Construction with Energy-efficient Materials

Due to the overuse of energy, water, land, and other resources as a result of urbanisation and industrialization, the natural ecosystem has become unbalanced. Rapid industrialization has resulted in the accumulation of millions of tonnes of varied industrial wastes at numerous locations, which has severely harmed the ecosystem. In India, demolition wastes from built-up areas also produce a sizable amount of debris, including sand, gravel, concrete, stone, and bricks. The demand-supply gap can be partially filled by recycling aggregate materials from construction and demolition debris and using industrial wastes for the production of valuable building materials. This essay focuses on the concepts of recycling and reusing, creating income from trash, and the proper use of waste in the production of building materials.

Study on wear debris characteristics of different polyethylene under reciprocating sliding and compound motion modes

The UHMWPE wear debris has become an important reason affecting the service life and clinical reliability of the prosthesis. In order to further reveal the wear debris characteristics, three kinds of UHMWPE materials including non-crosslinked UHMWPE (UPE), Crosslinked UHMWPE (XLPE) and E-vitamin doped UHMWPE (EXPE) were taken as research objects, and the quantity, size, morphology and distribution characteristics of wear debris under reciprocating sliding and compound motion modes were systematically studied. Among them, the ball-on-disk samples were adopted under reciprocating sliding, and the real ball-on-socket contact mode of artificial cervical disc prosthesis was adopted under compound motion. The tribological experiments were performed with the frequency of 2Hz under 50,000 cycles with newborn bovine serum solution. The results showed that the dominant wear mechanism was abrasive wear accompanied by fatigue cracks under reciprocating sliding mode, while adhesive wear accompanied by a few abrasive wear under compound motion mode. Compared with the quantity of wear debris under reciprocating sliding mode, the number of UHMWPE debris under composite motion mode was reduced by 28.8%, 31.4% and 37.1% for UPE, XLPE and EXPE debris, respectively. The debris results of the three different polymers were consistent in the quantity, size range, morphology and distribution, but different in the size distribution characteristics. The largest proportion of EXPE debris size occurred in the range of less than 1 μm, while the largest proportion of UPE and XLPE debris size ranges from 1 to 5 μm under reciprocating sliding mode. When the debris size was in the range of 1–5 μm under compound motion mode, it accounted for the largest proportion with a value of 55.7%, 66.7% and 74.0% for UPE, XLPE and EXPE debris, respectively. The UHMWPE debris morphology included six main types: spherical, flakes, rods, fibrillar, granular, and other types. Granular and “other types” debris were the dominant types and the sum proportion of these two types of debris for the three kinds of UHMWPE materials was all as high as 80%. Hence, the material type, pair shape, load and movement profiles may have more or less influence on the quantity, size, morphology and distribution characteristics of UHMWPE debris.

An emergency observation method for space debris dangerous conjunction events based on nanosatellite constellation

The amount of space debris is rising rapidly, and the number of satellites launched by humans is also growing. This poses a serious threat to the security of many important space assets including the International Space Station and the China Space Station. Due to the frequent occurrence of hazardous space conjunction (potential collisions) events, we aim to use a constellation composed of a few optical satellites to observe these space dangerous conjunction events, thereby improving the observation accuracy and timeliness of key conjunction events. We consider a variety of factors to establish an optical nanosatellite constellation design model, develop constellation observation efficiency evaluation criteria, construct a constellation configuration evaluation function, and design the performance parameters of space-based optical telescopes. The optimal orbit parameters and constellation configuration are obtained by using the genetic algorithm for optimization calculation. It is determined that a constellation of 6 satellites can track and observe more than 96% of potentially dangerous conjunction objects 24–48 h before a dangerous conjunction occurs. According to the observation data, high-precision orbit information of space objects can be obtained, which can reduce the collision false alarm rate by 99%. As a result, operators are notified to take collision avoidance measures only when the space object is truly in danger. This approach greatly reduces the number of avoidance operations caused by false early warnings, lowers the operating cost of space assets, and ensures the safety of space assets.

The anisotropic wear and friction property of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by laser directed energy deposition

The effect of crystal orientation and heat treatment on microstructure and wear properties of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by laser directed energy deposition (LDED) were analyzed and compared with forged samples. Fully heat treated samples presented the lowest wear rate and better resistance to friction compared with other condition samples. The direct aging treated samples also had better wear resistance attributed to its microhardness and microstructure and were mainly abrasive wear with a large amount of wear debris and deeper scratches on the worn surface. As for the anisotropy of microstructure in LDED samples, the wear properties in different crystal orientations were different, and better wear performance was obtained in the section which is vertical to the deposition direction.

Mapping of Mount Semeru Volcanic Mudflow Susceptibility Along the Rejali River using the GIS-based AHP-TOPSIS Ensemble Approach

Volcanic mudflow floods occur when rainfall runoff combines with volcanic material and flows downstream. These devastating events cause significant damage to infrastructure, disrupt economies, and result in injuries and casualties. One area where the flow of volcanic material greatly affects the situation is the Rejali River, which receives a substantial amount of volcanic debris from Mount Semeru. To address this issue and begin mitigating the associated risks, it is crucial to start by mapping the potential distribution of volcanic mudflow floods. Therefore, this study aimed to assess factors impacting volcanic mudflow flood susceptibility and to create a corresponding susceptibility map. The study employed the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) to determine the influence of various factors and classify the areas, respectively. These methods were integrated with the Geographic Information System (GIS) to enhance the analysis. The weighted analysis results showed that the most impactful factors conditioning volcanic mudflow floods, in descending order, were rainfall (42.40%), land cover (13.89%), elevation (13.39%), slope (12.51%), distance from the river (7.09%), soil type (6.58%), and rock distribution (4.13%). The TOPSIS calculation further highlighted that rainfall intensity between 104.03 and 109.65 mm day-1 had the greatest influence on susceptibility. The successful integration of AHP and TOPSIS methods with GIS helped develop a volcanic mudflow flood susceptibility model with an outstanding accuracy of 0.969. The model showed that approximately 46.40% of the areas along the Rejali River exhibited very high susceptibility to volcanic mudflow floods, while an additional 16.21% indicated high susceptibility and substantial risk in most regions. Therefore, the generated susceptibility map offered important insights for shaping future mitigation strategies and influencing policy decisions.&#x0D;