Amino-functionalized Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Research Articles

NH2-fMWCNT-titanium dioxide nanocomposite based electrochemical sensor for the voltammetric assay of antibiotic drug nadifloxacin and its in vitro permeation study

An electrochemical sensor is described for the determination of nadifloxacin (NF). A glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was modified with amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes and titanium dioxide nanoparticles. The modified GCE was characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry and scanning electron microscopy. The electro-oxidation of NF follows a pH-dependent irreversible behavior. The effects of pH value, scan rate, supporting electrolyte, accumulation potential and accumulation time were optimized. Under optimum conditions and at a typical working potential of 600 mV (vs. Ag/AgCl), the adsorptive stripping voltammetric response is linear in the 5 nM to 5.0 μM NF concentration range. The limit of detection is 1.69 × 10−10 M in acidic solution of pH 1. The selectivity was investigated in the presence of 1–1000-fold concentrations of potentially interfering agents. Recoveries from cream formulations spiked with NF were performed to study precision and accuracy.

Effect of amino-functionalization of MWCNTs on the mechanical and thermal properties of MWCNTs/epoxy composites

The study investigates the tensile, flexural and thermal properties of epoxy resin matrix reinforced with pristine as well as amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs, 0, 0.25 and 0.50 wt%). The combination of ultrasonication and magnetic stirring has been used for the fabrication of MWCNTs/epoxy composite samples. The epoxy composite reinforced with 0.50 wt% amino-functionalized MWCNTs exhibits superior mechanical and thermal properties. The tensile and flexural strengths of this composite are noticed to be higher by about 13.5 and 17%, respectively, as compared with the neat epoxy specimen. The improvement in properties offered by amino-functionalized MWCNTs/epoxy composites is attributed to uniform distribution of MWCNTs in epoxy matrix as well as better interfacial adhesion between MWCNTs reinforcement and epoxy matrix, when compared with those noticed for epoxy composite reinforced with pristine MWCNTs.

Bio-inspired anchoring of amino-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) onto PES membrane using polydopamine for oily wastewater treatment

The major problem that limits the utilization of PES membranes in treatment of oily wastewater is the drastic irreversible membrane fouling due to the attachment of oil droplets onto the membrane surface. The goal of this study was to develop a novel, fast and facile post-functionalization of polydopamine (PDA) coated membranes using pre-synthesized nanoparticles for fabrication of novel organic-inorganic hybrid recoverable membranes with high hydrophilicity and underwater oleophobicity. Here, bio-inspired technique was studied because the membrane technology could separate small oil droplets (even <10 µm) with high performance if faced little fouling phenomena during the treatment process.The amino-functionalized multi-wall carbon nanotubes (N-MWCNTs) were anchored onto the PDA coated PES membranes. The membranes characteristics, with specific focus on surface morphology and wettability were investigated. The newly developed PES/PDA/N-MWCNTs membranes showed an enhanced flux (~1086%) compared to the unmodified PES membrane. This enhancement was attributed to the high hydrophilic and underwater oleophobic properties, which were found to alleviate the effect of fouling. The total fouling ratio (Rt) of the PES/PDA/N-MWCNTs membrane was 22.35%, which was far lower than that of the unmodified PES membrane (98.38%). Meanwhile, most of the fouling was reversible for the former with the remaining (irreversible fouling) of 18.08%. It was concluded that cake filtration is the dominant fouling mechanism of the PES/PDA/N-MWCNTs membranes due to their average pore diameter. The modified membranes showed high oil rejection (>99%) so that the obtained clean water with oil concentration lower than 5 ppm met the wastewater discharge standard recommendations. Also, evaluation of the PES/PDA/N-MWCNT membrane in cross-flow filtration showed its antifouling properties in the long-term application (16 h).

In-situ reduction of Ag+ on black phosphorene and its NH2-MWCNT nanohybrid with high stability and dispersibility as nanozyme sensor for three ATP metabolites

The environmental stability, water-processibility and life-span of black phosphorene (BP) severely limit the application of its electronic devices in aqueous system containing oxygen. We reported the controllable preparation of in-situ reduction and deposition of silver nanoparticles on the BP surface and its amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNT) nanocomposite. With the addition of both NH2-MWCNT and Ag+, the BP-based nanocomposite was prepared by ultrasonic-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation and was dispersed in carboxymethyl cellulose sodium (CMC) aqueous solution. The morphology, microstructure, and electrochemical properties of the nanohybrid were characterized. NH2-MWCNT-BP-AgNPs showed high environmental stability, good water-processibility, satisfactory life-spans, superior electrocatalytic capacity with enzyme-like kinetic characteristics. The nanohybrid was applied as electrochemical sensors for single/simultaneous analysis of uric acid (UA), xanthine (XT) and hypoxanthine (HX). Excellent voltammetric responses for simultaneous determination in linear ranges of 0.1–800 μM with a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.052 μM for UA, 0.5–680 μM with a LOD of 0.021 μM for XT, and 0.7–320 μM with a LOD of 0.025 μM for HX under optimal conditions. Besides, the developed nanozyme sensor was employed for simultaneous voltammetric analysis of UA, XT and HX in real samples with acceptable recoveries. This work will provide theoretical guidance and experimental support for the preparation and application of two-dimensional materials, nanozymes and sensing devices.

Insights into long-term effects of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) on the performance, enzymatic activity and microbial community of sequencing batch reactor

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) inevitably enter domestic sewage and industrial wastewater with the continuous increase of their production and application field. The potential effect of CNTs on biological wastewater treatment processes has raised wide concerns due to their biotoxicity. In the present study, the performance, microbial community and enzymatic activity of sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) were evaluated under 148-day exposure of amino-functionalized multi-walled CNTs (MWCNTs-NH2) at 10 and 30 mg/L. The COD removal efficiency at 10 and 30 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2 gradually reduced from 91.03% and 90.43% on day to 89.11% and 86.70% on day 148, respectively. The NH4+-N removal efficiency at 10 and 30 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2 gradually reduced from 98.98% and 98.46% on day 1 to 96.65% and 63.39% on day 148, respectively. Compared to 0 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2, the oxygen-utilizing rate, ammonia-oxidizing rate, nitrite-oxidizing rate, nitrite-reducing rate and nitrate-reducing rate at 30 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2 were decreased by 52.35%, 60.58%, 55.12%, 56.56% and 57.42% on day 148, respectively. The microbial reactive oxygen species and lactate dehydrogenase release on day 148 was increased by 59.71% and 55.28% at 30 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2, respectively. The key microbial enzymatic activity related to nitrogen removal decreased with the increase of operation time under MWCNTs-NH2 stress. The relative abundances of Nitrosomonas, Nitrosospira, Nitrospira and some denitrifying bacteria at 10 mg/L MWCNTs-NH2 gradually reduced with an increment in operation time. The changes of nitrogen removal rate, microbial community and enzymatic activity of SBR were related to the time-cumulative nonlinear inhibition effect under long-term exposure.

Polyamide 66 and amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube composites and their melt-spun fibers

A series of polyamide 66 (PA66) and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT) composites were condensed using amino-functionalized MWNTs (AMWNTs), hexanediamine adipate salts, and adipic acid as raw materials. The covalent grafting of maleic acid diamine onto the surfaces of the MWNTs by a Diels–Alder reaction prevented the AMWNTs from suffering entanglement, and facilitated excellent dispersion of AMWNTs in the PA66 matrix. Analyses revealed not only that the AMWNTs are uniformly dispersed in the PA66 matrix, but also that a strong interfacial interaction exists between the AMWNTs and the matrix. An AMWNT loading of only 0.5 wt% ensured a maximum dispersibility of AMWNTs in the PA66 matrix, which was far better than that of MWNTs. Additionally, the crystallization and melting behavior of PA66/AMWNT (PACNT) composite fibers were characterized. Finally, mechanical testing results demonstrated that the Young’s modulus and tensile strength of the composite fiber with 0.5 wt% AMWNT loading were increased by about 384% and 140%, respectively, compared with those of the pure PA66 fiber. Therefore, the proposed PACNT composite fibers are promising for high-performance applications.

Improvement of the thermal/electrical conductivity of PA6/PVDF blends via selective MWCNTs-NH2 distribution at the interface

In this study, selective distribution of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-NH2) in poly (vinylidene fluoride)/polyamide 6 (PA6/PVDF) blends is achieved via the mixing process and subsequent migration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selective extraction confirmed that MWCNTs-NH2 could migrate from the PVDF phase to the two-phase interface. The composites could significantly improve thermal/electrical conduction capacity of the composites with low dose. The thermal infrared characterization also indicated that the composites have better heat absorption capability and dissipation performance due to the good thermal conductivity. Rheological measurements exhibited the MWCNTs-NH2 could form network structure with a low content at the interface of the composites. Moreover, the addition of MWCNTs-NH2 led to an improvement in the mechanical properties compared with the pure PA6/PVDF blends. These results manifest that the thermal/electrical conductivity and mechanical performance of the composites with low filler loading can be significantly improved by selective distribution of MWCNTs-NH2 through controlling the migration process.

The Structure and Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Nascent Composite Fibers with Grafted Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Wet Spinning Method.

Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) grafted amino-functionalized multi walled carbon nanotubes (amino-MWCNTs) were synthesized by in situ polymerization under aqueous solvent. The grafted MWCNT/PAN nascent composite fibers were prepared by the wet spinning method. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy indicated that the amino-MWCNTs and PAN macromolecular chains had interfacial interactions and formed chemical bonds. The grafting content of the PAN polymer on the amino-MWCNTs was up to 73.2% by thermo gravimetric analysis. The incorporation of the grafted MWCNTs improved the degree of crystallization and crystal size of PAN nascent fibers, and changed the thermal properties during exothermic processing in an air atmosphere. Morphology analysis and testing of mechanical properties showed that the grafted MWCNT/PAN nascent composite fibers with a more uniform diameter distribution and larger diameter had higher tensile strength and tensile modulus than the control PAN nascent fibers.

Fabrication of conjugated polymer/carbon nano-tube composite materials for capacitors

Modification of carbon nanotubes could improve and enhance their properties. Four conjugated polymer (CPs)/organic molecules functionalized carbon nanotubes were prepared based on amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH2-MWCNT) in this work. Two of them were prepared by Schiff base formation reaction, and another two were prepared by Suzuki coupling reaction. With this procedure, fabrication of CPs/MWCNT composite electronic materials could be achieved. The modified carbon nanotubes were characterized by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, FTIR, and SEM. The electrochemical properties of these novel carbon nanotubes were studied by Cyclic Voltammetry and galvanostatic charge and discharge measurement. The specific capacitance (1.05 F g−1) of the MWCNT increases with the increasing amount of CPs grafted onto the MWCNTs (7.08 F g−1). It is found that the amount of conjugated polymers on the surfaces of MWCNTs could be tuned by adjusting the precursors for the CPs. Accordingly; the specific capacitance of the as-prepared composite materials could be tuned.

Sensitive detection of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells by using a novel DNA-labeled sandwich electrochemical biosensor

The simple, rapid, sensitive, and specific detection of cancer cells plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and prognosis of cancer. We developed a novel DNA-labeled sandwich electrochemical biosensor based on a glassy carbon electrode modified with 3D graphene and a hybrid of Au nanocages (Au NCs)/amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT-NH2) for label-free and selective detection of MCF-7 breast cancer cells via differential pulse voltammetry. The layer-by-layer assembly and cell-detection performance of the Au NCs/MWCNTs-NH2-based biosensor were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and electrochemical methods including cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Owing to the advantages of DNA-labeled antibodies and a nanomaterial-based signal amplification strategy, the fabricated cytosensor exhibited high specificity and sensitivity when detecting MCF-7 cells in the range of 1.0 × 102 to 1.0 × 106 cells mL−1 with a low detection limit of 80 cells mL−1 (3σ/slope). Furthermore, the biosensor exhibited high selectivity when detecting MCF-7 cells and showed considerable potential for practical applications. The proposed DNA-labeled sandwich electrochemical biosensor provides a stable, sensitive approach to detecting cancer cells and is promising in terms of potential applications to cancer diagnosis.

Surface Sizing Treated MWCNTs and Its Effect on the Wettability, Interfacial Interaction and Flexural Properties of MWCNT/Epoxy Nanocomposites.

A surface-sizing technique was offered to take full advantage of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and epoxy resins. Two surface-sizing treated MWCNTs were obtained through a ball-milling treatment of amino-functionalized MWCNTs (MWCNT-NH2) with n-butyl glycidylether (BuGE) and benzyl glycidylether (BeGE). These were referred to as MWCNT-BuGE and MWCNT-BeGE. The results indicated that the surface sizing effectively enhanced wettability, dispersibility of MWCNTs in the epoxy resin. These ameliorating effects, along with improved interfacial interaction between MWCNT-BeGE containing benzene rings and the epoxy matrix, which can offer a more efficient local load-transfer from matrix to MWCNTs, as observed by a higher G-band shift in Raman spectrum under bending loads than that of MWCNT-BuGE reinforced ones. Correspondingly, MWCNT-BeGE/epoxy nanocomposites exhibited increasing flexural strength and modulus of 22.9% and 37.8% respectively compared with the neat epoxy, and 7.3% and 7.7% respectively compared with MWCNT-BuGE/epoxy nanocomposites with the same MWCNT content.

Effect of A-MWCNTs and ETBN toughener on impact, compression and damping properties of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites

In the present work, epoxy resin is modified with epoxy terminated butadiene acrylonitrile (ETBN) liquid rubber and was used to make carbon fiber reinforced epoxy (C-epoxy) composites with an aim to enhance the impact, compression and damping properties. ETBN added C-epoxy composites were further modified using amino functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (A-MWCNTs) at different weight ratios namely 0.5wt%, 1.0wt%, and 1.5wt% and evaluated impact, compression and damping properties. Results indicate that modification of C-epoxy with ETBN enhances the properties considerably. A-MWCNTs addition to ETBN modified C-epoxy (A-MWCNTs-C-Epoxy-ETBN) further enhances the impact strength (26%), compressive strength (17%) at 1.0wt% and damping ratio (87%) at 0.5wt% of A-MWCNTs. The toughening mechanisms contributing to the enhancement of mechanical and damping properties of A-MWCNTs are discussed.

Hierarchical Architectures of PMMA/MWNT-NH2 Particles: a Material for Enhanced Volatile Organic Compound Sensing Performance

Hierarchical architectures of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWNT-NH2) particles were prepared, in which the electrical conductive network was constructed on the surface of PMMA microspheres. The morphology, composition, and electrical conductivity of the particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and four-probe electrical conductivity measurement. The PMMA/MWNT-NH2 transducers were exposed to each ethanol, water, toluene, and chloroform for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) sensing detection. The particles showed excellent sensitivity, good reversibility, and a strong response compared to the raw MWNTs and MWNT-NH2. This was attributed not only to the formation of a charge transmission path on the particle surface, but also to the interaction between the vapor molecules and functionalized MWNTs. The enhanced sensing performance of the PMMA/MWNT-NH2 particles suggests that it is a good candidate for the preparation of electronic noses for disease diagnostics and VOCs detection.

Improving thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of fluoroelastomer/amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube composites by constructing dual crosslinking networks

Carboxylic functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-COOH) were modified by using ethylenediamine (EDA) to prepare amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs-A). MWCNTs-A were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Fluoroelastomer (FKM) was reinforced by incorporation of MWCNTs-COOH and MWCNTs-A, respectively. The thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of the FKM/MWCNT composites were studied. The results indicated that a more homogeneous dispersion of nanotubes and a stronger interfacial interaction in FKM/MWCNTs-A composites were achieved than in FKM/MWCNTs-COOH ones. As a result, the thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of the FKM/MWCNTs-A composites were higher than that of the FKM/MWCNTs-COOH composites due to the participation of MWCNTs-A in the crosslinking process to form dual crosslinking networks in the FKM matrix.

Rapid and sensitive detection of the phenoxy acid herbicides in environmental water samples by magnetic solid-phase extraction combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

Phenoxy acid herbicides are widely used herbicides that play an important role in improving the yield and quality of crops. However, some research has shown that this kind of herbicide is poisonous to human and animals. In this study, a rapid and sensitive method was developed for the detection of seven phenoxy acid herbicides in water samples based on magnetic solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Magnetic amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were prepared by mixing bare magnetic Fe3 O4 nanoparticles with commercial amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes in water. Then the amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes were used to enrich phenoxy acid herbicides from water samples based on hydrophobic and ionic interactions. The effects of experimental variables on the extraction efficiency have been studied in detail. Under the optimized conditions, the method validation was performed. Good linearities for seven phenoxy acid herbicides were obtained with squared regression coefficients ranging from 0.9971 to 0.9989. The limits of detection ranged from 0.01 to 0.02μg/L. The method recoveries of seven phenoxy acid herbicides spiked at three concentration levels in a blank sample were from 92.3 to 103.2%, with inter- and intraday relative standard deviations less than 12.6%.

Multiwalled carbon nanotubes incorporated with or without amino groups for aqueous Pb(II) removal: Comparison and mechanism study

A novel amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNTs @SiO2-NH2) was prepared via co-condensation using etraethyl orthosilicate and 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane for effective removal of Pb(II) from water. The Pb (II) adsorption efficiencies of MWCNTs and MWCNTs@SiO2-NH2 were compared and the change of morphology features was assessed in batch adsorption experiments. The characterization analysis like XRD, FITR and XPS revealed that amino groups were successfully grafted on the MWCNTs. Adsorption results demonstrated that the best TEOS/APTMS loading ratio was about 10:3 based on their solution volume ratio. Compared to the poor Pb(II) adsorption capacity of pristine MWCNTs, the maximum adsorption capacity of MWCNTs@SiO2-NH2 was greatly improved to 147mg/g after amination treatment. Pb(II) adsorption onto MWCNTs@SiO2-NH2 was strongly pH-dependent and the optimal aqueous pH was about 5. Moreover, the pseudo-second-order kinetics model and Langmuir isotherm model could well describe the Pb(II) adsorption process by MWCNTs@SiO2-NH2. Thermodynamics analysis illustrated that the Pb(II) adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. FTIR and XPS analysis of MWCNTs@SiO2-NH2 after adsorption demonstrated the complexation between amino groups and Pb(II) played a vital role in the adsorption mechanism. Findings from the present study suggested that successful Pb(II) removal could be achieved using such novel adsorbent composite with optimized process.

Amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes for removal of cesium from aqueous solution

Amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were synthesized by a simple, cost-effective method using 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane and were evaluated for cesium ion removal in aqueous solution. Experimental results showed that the maximum cesium adsorption capacity of amino-functionalized MWCNTs was 136.3 mg g−1, reaching 95% of the ultimate adsorption capacity within 30 min. The adsorption capacity of amino-functionalized MWCNTs was not significantly affected by the presence of competing ions. The Langmuir isotherm fitted the experimental data well and a thermodynamic study indicated the spontaneous and endothermic nature of cesium adsorption on the amino-functionalized MWCNTs.

Rheological Behavior of Amino-Functionalized Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Polyacrylonitrile Concentrated Solutions and Crystal Structure of Composite Fibers.

The rheological behavior of amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (amino-CNTs)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) concentrated solutions in the dimethyl sulphoxide solvent and the effects of the amino-CNTs on the PAN precursor fibers by wet-spinning method were investigated. The amino-CNT/PAN concentrated solutions prepared by in situ solution polymerization with homogeneous dispersion of amino-CNTs have higher complex viscosity, storage modulus and loss modulus as compared to the control PAN concentrated solutions containing 22% PAN polymer by mass. The composite fibers with amino-CNTs of 1 wt % have lower degree of crystallization, crystal size and crystal region orientation compared to the control PAN precursor fibers. However, the amino-CNT/PAN composite fibers with diameter of about 10.5 μm exhibit higher mechanical properties than the control PAN precursor fibers with diameter of about 8.0 μm. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis demonstrated that the cyclization reaction in composite fibers have broad exothermic temperature range and low exothermic rate. These results indicate that the addition of amino-CNTs into PAN precursor fibers is beneficial to controlling the process of thermal stabilization and obtaining the higher performance of composite fibers.

Kinetika adsorpcije dvovalentnih metala na aminofunkcionalizovanom ugljeničnom nanomaterijalu

The subject of this study was to investigate the adsorption behavior of selected divalent metals (Cu (II), Cd (II), Pb (II)) on amino-functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes, MWCNT-NH2, at four selected pH values (3; 4.5, 6, 11), in order to estimate the possibility of using MWCNT-NH2 to remove ion metal from aqueous solutions at relatively low concentrations (0.01-0.1 mg L-1). The focus of the study was to determine the adsorption mechanism at the experimental conditions. The adsorption of divalent metal ions on MWCNT-NH2 was best described by the pseudo-second order kinetics model, which indicates that adsorption can be attributed to the chemical interactions between the adsorbates and the binding groups on the surface of the adsorbent. Modeling the adsorption rate by the Weber-Morris diffusion model indicated that intra-particle diffusion, although a slower step than external diffusion, is not the only limiting step in the adsorption process, and that the interaction of the investigated ions with the binding sites on the adsorbent surface also control the adsorption rate. Assessment of the impact of pH on the adsorption rate has shown that the pH value, in the investigated range, has the highest effect on the adsorption efficiency of Cu (II) and the lowest for the removal of Cd (II).

Effects of Amino-Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes on the Crystal Structure and Thermal Properties of Polyacrylonitrile Homopolymer Microspheres.

Amino-functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotube (amino-CNT)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) microspheres with diameter of about 300–400 nm were prepared by in situ polymerization under aqueous solution. The morphology, crystal structure, and thermal properties of amino-CNTs on a PAN homopolymer were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray diffraction, and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the amino-CNTs had a significant influence on the morphology of microspheres, and the PAN matrix were grafted onto the surface of amino-CNTs with interfacial bonding between them. The XRD studies showed that the crystal size of amino-CNT/PAN microspheres with lower crystallinity was bigger than in the control PAN homopolymer. The analysis of thermal properties indicated that the amino-CNT/PAN microspheres with lower glass transition temperature had a lower initial temperature and velocity of evolving heat during the exothermic processing as compared with the PAN homopolymer. These results suggested that the incorporation of amino-CNTs into the PAN homopolymer matrix was beneficial for controlling the heat released during the stabilization processing.