American Planning Research Articles

Integrating Government Silos: Local Emergency Management and Public Health Department Collaboration for Emergency Planning and Response

The United States arguably faces the most serious disaster it has faced since World War II: the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic itself has created further cascading economic, financial, and social crises. To date, approximately 114,000 Americans have died and approximately 2,000,000 (as of this writing) have become infected. American emergency planning and response, including for pandemics, begins at the local (city, town, and county) level, close to the individuals and communities most impacted. During crises like COVID-19, natural and other disasters, best practices include “whole of government” and “whole community” approaches, involving all parts of the government, community organizations, institutions, and businesses, with representation from diverse individual community stakeholders. Local emergency management and public health agencies are at the heart of emergency planning and response and thus warrant further examination. While collaboration between the two is recognized as a best practice, in reality there appear to be silos and gaps. This Commentary describes the American emergency planning system and the roles of local emergency management and public health departments. Closer examination illuminates similarities and differences in practitioner demographics, professional competencies, organizational goals, and culture. The Commentary reviews the limited research and observations of collaboration efforts and suggests areas for integrating the two practice areas in future research, education, professional training, and practice. Breaking down the silos will strengthen local emergency and public health preparedness planning and response, ultimately leading to stronger community health, well-being, resilience, and more efficient local administration.

Just 50% of Americans plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Here’s how to win over the rest

Just 50% of Americans plan to get a COVID-19 vaccine. Here’s how to win over the rest

Tracking Our Footsteps

Problem, research strategy, and findings: We conduct a systematic reading of all articles published in the past 30 years in three U.S.-based general planning journals, Journal of the American Planning Association (JAPA), Journal of Planning Education and Research (JPER), and Journal of Planning Literature (JPL), using latent Dirichlet allocation, a text mining technique. We find that certain research themes remain important in the past 3 decades, such as planning process, planning methods, and land use/growth management, whereas others have lost their prominent status, such as planning theory and planning education. New fields such as food systems have emerged during the study period. Editorial regimes appear to be associated with theme dynamics.Takeaway for practice: In this study we demonstrate a text mining method to effectively summarize a large amount of text data and track planning researchers’ footsteps in the study of planning issues reflected from published research articles. We identify past and emerging research trends in the studied journals that can help scholars situate their work in the literature and practitioners find collaboration opportunities. It also helps professional associations such as the American Collegiate Schools of Planning (ACSP) and the APA open up new conference tracks and/or specialization groups/divisions so they can reflect the ever-changing interests of their memberships in a timely manner.

Dayna L. Barnes, Architects of Occupation. American Experts and Planning for Postwar Japan, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 2017, XIV, 225 S., $ 45.00 [ISBN 978‑1‑5017‑0308‑9

Article Dayna L. Barnes, Architects of Occupation. American Experts and Planning for Postwar Japan, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press 2017, XIV, 225 S., $ 45.00 [ISBN 978‑1‑5017‑0308‑9] was published on May 1, 2020 in the journal Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift (volume 79, issue 1).

Technology transfer of urban highways and interchange design in the 1960s: The case of the Ayalon Crosstown Expressway, Israel

This paper reconstructs the design history of the Ayalon Crosstown Expressway in Tel Aviv, a project that initiated the technology transfer of American and European transport planning methods to Israel. It examines the unstable, evolving dynamics between agents pushing the technology such as the World Bank and international traffic planning firms, and local institutions pulling or opposing it such as the city, the highway company, and various competing governmental departments. The five successive plans developed for that highway by Canadian, American, French, and British planners offer themselves to comparative analysis of national design philosophies of urban highway systems. Through a close reading of the different geometric plans of one bifurcating interchange, the paper analyses how the technology was adapted to fit the Israeli political, administrative, and economic environment, and identifies a shift in highway planning rationality and techniques for governing mobility at the American source of innovation.

Preoperative Prediction of Difficult Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Using a Scoring System

Difficulties Throughout laparoscopic cholecystectomies are not extraordinary as a rule surgery, Throughout laparoscopic cholecystectomy [LC]. This ponder pointed on assess part of preoperative demographic What's more sonographic tolerant information will foresee specialized foul challenges Throughout LC. This current contemplate might have been conveyed ahead 100 patients anguish from symptomatic cholelithiasis by and large surgery Branch during Benha college doctor's facilities. Every one patients in this contemplate were subjected of the following, history taking, clinical examination, schedule research center investigations Furthermore abdominal ultrasonography. We evaluated the system viewing preoperative predictive Components of troublesome LC [preoperative scoring system]. Intraoperative Conclusion as viewing those Emulating agent parameters: occasion when made for surgery, bile/stone spillage, harm should cystic conduit or cystic artery, transformation should open cholecystectomy. We resorted of the traditional four port procedure [two 10 mm and two 5 mm ports] utilizing those north american plan. For preoperative evaluation, as stated by Randhawa What's more Pujahari scoring framework we predicted preoperatively that 67% might pasquinade easily, 28% will a chance to be difficult, Furthermore 5% from claiming patients Around this consider predicted on experience exceptionally troublesome LC Also might transformation to open cholecystectomy. Intraoperative outcome, 67 patients who were predicted should a chance to be simple looking into surgery, for which 56 were really easy, inasmuch as nine from claiming them turned out with a chance to be troublesome once surgery, What's more 2 patients were exceptionally troublesome LC. However, the 28% from claiming situations predicted to a chance to be difficult, 20 patients were really difficult, 2 turned out with be exceptionally difficult, Furthermore 6 underwent simple surgery. There were 5 [5%] situations predicted will be exceptionally troublesome looking into surgery, Anyhow you quit offering on that one [1%] pasquinade easily, in turn instance [1%] might have been troublesome What's more 3 [3%] really were exceptionally troublesome. Done our study, An solid measurable relationship might have been discovered the middle of preoperative assessment prediction Furthermore was troublesome LC. The preoperative scoring may be statistically Furthermore clinically a great test for foreseeing the agent result over LC.

Putting the stars in the their places

This paper presents a new semantics for the weak relevant logic DW that makes the role of the infamous Routley star more explicable. Central to this rewriting is combining aspects of both the American and Australian plan for understanding negations in relevance logics.

Spatial determinants of urban wet market vendor profit in Nanjing, China

Wet markets play an important role in urban food security in many Asian countries. Although the American Planning Association (APA) proposed in 2007 that food planning should focus on the business status and potential of food retailing, existing research pays more attention to the food accessibility of urban residents and limited research has been conducted on the profit of wet market vendors and factors determining its spatial variations. Therefore, a three-agent analytical framework for determinants of urban wet market vendor profit was developed. Based on the survey data of 1,119 small food enterprises in Nanjing, this study employs the spatial analytical method Geodetector to explore the spatial differentiation of the vendor's profits and its determinants. The study shows obvious spatial differentiation in the profits of wet market vendors across the city and draws several conclusions. Profitability is mainly related to the demographic features of vendors, their business expenses, and payment schemes. It is also related to broader socioeconomic factors at the district level, including local GDP, average income, urban infrastructure, and number of residential neighborhoods. The characteristics of vendors and their businesses have a more significant relationship with business profit than district socio-economic factors. There is also a strong mutual enhancement effect among these factors. Almost all identified determinants of profitability are stronger in peri-urban than urban areas. Therefore, there is greater potential for increasing peri-urban vendors' profits by changing these variables.

Two proofs of the algebraic completeness theorem for multilattice logic

Shramko [(2016). Truth, falsehood, information and beyond: The American plan generalized. In K. Bimbo (Ed.), J. Michael Dunn on information based logics, outstanding contributions to logic (pp. 191–212). Dordrecht: Springer] formulated multilattice logic and the algebraic completeness theorem for it. However, the proof has not been presented. In this paper, we consider Kamide and Shramko's multilattice logic [Kamide & Shramko (2017a). Embedding from multilattice logic into classical logic and vice versa. Journal of Logic and Computation, 27(5), 1549–1575] which is an extension of Shramko's original multilattice logic by several implications and coimplications. Using the technique of algebraic embedding, we show that Kamide and Shramko's sequent calculus for multilattice logic is sound and complete with respect to multilattices. Moreover, we introduce yet another algebraic semantics for this logic based on the notion of a De Morgan multilattice. Using Lindenbaum-Tarski algebras, we show that is sound and complete with respect to De Morgan multilattices. Besides, we modify Kamide and Shramko's notion of modal multilattice [Kamide & Shramko (2017b). Modal multilattice logic. Logica Universalis, 11(3), 317–343], i.e. we present the concept of De Morgan modal multilattice. We prove that Kamide and Shramko's modal multilattice logic (Kamide & Shramko, 2017b) is adequate with respect to De Morgan modal multilattices.

Exploring spatio-temporal hot spots of land price change with housing transaction data in Seoul

Abstract. Evaluating residential property prices or land values is quite important for urban planning and government taxation as well. But it is generally difficult to predict land values accurately due to the dynamics of land prices, particularly in urban areas. Urban land values are mostly affected by natural environmental changes and various social and economic factors (Colwell & Munneke, 1997). Also, such socio economic factors are influencing both temporal and spatial aspects of land value, and therefore spatio-temporal clusters of land price changes will show local variations of land values very well. Specifically, the spatio-temporal hot spots might indicate highly increasing demand of lands in the urban area. In those areas, regulation against real estate speculation must be needed from the public perspective because such areas might impact on other area land prices and ultimately national economic status. Therefore, analyzing spatio-temporal aspects of the land price is essential for efficient urban planning and policy making. In this study, we attempt to detect spatio-temporal hot spots which are constantly increasing the value of residential property among real estate. Although there are many types of differently designated lands including such as commercial, agricultural, and lands for other usage, we focus on the residential lands to estimate land values in this research. The reason for this is because residential house price is substantially increasing and becoming one of sensitive issues of Seoul house market. Therefore, poor people or younger generation cannot afford such high housing expenses in Seoul. Also, house transaction data is much larger than other land usage data, and therefore it can be utilized for estimating land values more precisely. From 2011 to 2016, over 1.8 million housing transactions of lease and sale happened in Seoul. This big data on housing lease and sale transactions indicates the value of each location where the transaction occurred. Specifically, we utilize spatial interpolation method including Kriging and differential local Moran’s I approach based on housing transaction data in Seoul. Housing transaction data includes every transaction for sales and leases of the house for the particular period. By applying these methodologies, we can visualize spatio-temporal clusters of highly increasing land prices and interpret significant clusters in terms of social factors. In fact, land price distribution has been widely discussed associated with smart growth and urban development (American Planning Association, 2002; Kaiser et al., 1995). However, most studies have focused on urban development and expansion, rather than the changes in the land price. Moreover, many studies have applied remote sensing approach to analyze urban land expansion (Xiao et al., 2006; Magigi & Drescher, 2010). Notably, Hu et al., (2013) applied IDW to interpolate and estimating land prices with land samples. However, IDW has a shortcoming to interpolate the value which is distant from the sample points. In addition, even studies focusing on the land price have dealt with only one temporal period. From this research gap, we use the ordinary Kriging and differential local Moran’s I to detect and forecast local hot spots of land price changes. This research has conducted the following steps. At the first step, several transactions for the residential area are consolidated into a single land value indicator. Suppose that the residential rent consists of three factors that are housing price (P), deposit (D), and monthly rent (R). Each factor can be transformed into the value index (V) by the transformation formula below. After calculating the land value index from the transformation, the global trend of the value index is overlaid on each period. Figure 1. Shows the mean value index increased from 2011 to 2016. Then, square cells regularly spaced by 100 meters are generated over study area to perform the ordinary Kriging. After the ordinary Kriging, the land value index is assigned to each grid cell. Finally, differential local Moran’s I index is calculated based on the difference that value index change between each year. V = 0.75 * 0.005 * P + 0.005 * D + R As a result, the global trend of land value changes from 2011 to 2016 in Seoul is shown in Figure. 1. The mean value index is increasing constantly. The spatio-temporal hot spots of land price change are found where the value index increment exceeds the average value index increasing over Seoul. As a result, seven clusters are detected (Figure. 2).

Mitigating environmental harm in urban planning: an ecological perspective

Environmental sustainability is a major focal point of urban planning, yet scholarly discourse often fails to grapple with the environmental contradictions inherent in the reliance on economic growth found within the prevailing sustainable development paradigm. This paper develops an ecological-sociological framework for analyzing sustainable planning best practices, which shape local sustainable planning implementation. A key argument of ecological-sociological scholarship is that sustainable development is an expression of ecological modernization, which erroneously tries to solve environmental problems through economic growth-based strategies. The authors use content analysis to examine the American Planning Association’s 2015 Sustaining Places: Best Practices for Comprehensive Plans and find that its principles and environmental harm mitigation strategies incorporate an ecological modernizationist approach to sustainable planning. The authors argue that embrace of economic growth and underspecification of ecological standards hinder the field of sustainable planning from promoting best practices that mitigate environmental harm in the long term.

Overcoming Barriers to Livability for All Ages: Inclusivity Is the Key

The rapid pace of population aging in cities around the world demands that planners design communities that are livable for people of all ages and abilities. In 2017, to assess progress toward this end, AARP and the International Division of the American Planning Association conducted a global survey of planners on their efforts to incorporate a livable-communityfor-all-ages approach into their work. The survey of 559 planners measured motivators, barriers, strategies for engagement and practices facilitating planners’ work on livable communities for all ages (LCA). Using the international survey, we analyze factors driving local governments’ actions to advance LCA, and factors driving outcomes incorporating a livablecommunity-for-all-ages approach in planning practices. We show how these differ between the US and non-US respondents, including how US suburbs and rural areas lag in actions toward LCA. Regression results show that local motivations such as awareness of substantial growth in older populations is a primary factor motivating local governments to take more actions. While physical design is a critical part of the solution, we find that facilitating practices and community engagement in the process are key to advancing planning for age-friendly communities. Additionally, communities that practice more traditional approaches to planning and have limited resources actually exhibit a higher level of LCA outcomes. This suggests that focusing on community engagement and facilitating practices could be a promising approach to incorporating an all age lens in planning practices.

Factors Associated With Designation of a Substitute Decision-Maker in Older Asian Americans: The Role of Cultural Factors.

The present study examined the prevalence of and factors associated with the designation of a substitute decision-maker (SDM) in a sample of older Asian Americans. Particular emphasis was placed on cultural factors (ethnicity, time in the United States, English proficiency, acculturation, and cultural belief) that might influence on one's attitudes toward death and dying or end-of-life decision-making. Data were drawn from the 499 participants aged 60 years and older using the 2015 Asian American Quality of Life survey. Twenty-two percent of the sample had completed a legal document identifying a SDM. Results of a hierarchical logistic regression indicated that ethnicity, time in the United States, English proficiency, and acculturation were significant predictors. By examining the role of cultural factors in predicting SDM designation, the present study provided implications for culturally tailored strategies to help older Asian Americans plan their end-of-life care.

Negation on the Australian Plan

We present and defend the Australian Plan semantics for negation. This is a comprehensive account, suitable for a variety of different logics. It is based on two ideas. The first is that negation is an exclusion-expressing device: we utter negations to express incompatibilities. The second is that, because incompatibility is modal, negation is a modal operator as well. It can, then, be modelled as a quantifier over points in frames, restricted by accessibility relations representing compatibilities and incompatibilities between such points. We defuse a number of objections to this Plan, raised by supporters of the American Plan for negation, in which negation is handled via a many-valued semantics. We show that the Australian Plan has substantial advantages over the American Plan.

Statement of Retraction

This article refers to:The American Marshall plan film campaign and the Europeans: a captivated audience?

Sistema de parques e corredores verdes de Raleigh, Carolina do Norte, EUA: um parque com a Cidade Dentro

This paper proposes to analyze the effectiveness of the Plan for the medium-sized city of Raleigh, North Carolina, USA through its planning and design of a system of Parks and Green Corridors as an example to be followed by contemporary cities, in relation to the planning and connectivity of its open space system, represented by parks, recreational areas and green corridors. In this sense, the quality of urban life of its inhabitants, free spaces, and perpetuity of the natural resources of the city of Raleigh is directly related to the opportunity of the realization of the first American plan of the network of green corridors to a capital, "A Park with a City within ", as a way to contain urban growth, minimize anthropic impacts and promote the increase of leisure and recreation areas in all areas of the city, as well as their connectivity and functionality. The effectiveness of the constitution of this integrated system, consisting of the network of green corridors, is based on the implementation and constitution of the whole plan, over a period of several years, through the outline of its characteristics, objectives, and functions. Discussions, premises, and strategies for planning, project renovation of existing structures of the park system and green corridors.

국내 이재민 임시주거시설 공간계획지침 개발을 위한 해외지침 사례분석

The need for a systematic planning guide of a temporary shelter is rapidly growing due to the diverse and frequent disasters in the world. The study aims to frame insights for developing a domestic planning guide by analyzing American and Japanese spatial planning guides. For the analysis, the study took content analysis and affinity diagram to draw key words and core concepts. As a result, it is found that different aspects should be applied to each space(residential, sanitary, public, special area) in the shelter. Safety, quality of life, physical elements and principles for the arrangement of spaces should also be evenly considered. Victims’ emotional aspects as well as the physical aspects should be essentially reflected to the planning guide. To better provide satisfactory residential experience in the shelter, diverse user types and their needs should be analyzed and applied to the plan.

Racial Equity Tool: Cleveland Climate Action Plan

Sustainability: The Journal of RecordVol. 11, No. 6 ToolkitRacial Equity Tool: Cleveland Climate Action PlanErika MeschkatErika MeschkatAddress correspondence to: Erika Meschkat, Sustainability Manager, Mayor's Office of Sustainability, Sustainable Cleveland Center, 230 West Huron Road, Cleveland, OH 44113 E-mail Address: emeschkat@city.cleveland.oh.usSustainability Manager, Mayor's Office of Sustainability, City of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio.Search for more papers by this authorPublished Online:11 Dec 2018https://doi.org/10.1089/sus.2018.29149.toolkitAboutSectionsView articleView Full TextPDF/EPUB Permissions & CitationsPermissionsDownload CitationsTrack CitationsAdd to favorites Back To Publication ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail View articleFiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited byTransitioning From Urban Climate Action to Climate Equity19 April 2022 | Journal of the American Planning Association, Vol. 88, No. 4 Volume 11Issue 6Dec 2018 InformationCopyright 2018, Mary Ann Liebert, Inc., publishersTo cite this article:Erika Meschkat.Racial Equity Tool: Cleveland Climate Action Plan.Sustainability.Dec 2018.280-283.http://doi.org/10.1089/sus.2018.29149.toolkitPublished in Volume: 11 Issue 6: December 11, 2018PDF download

Is Planning ‘Secular’? Rethinking Religion, Secularism, and Planning

ABSTRACTResponding to the call for a deeper understanding of the religious phenomenon in planning – advanced, among others, by Leonie Sandercock and June Thomas in this journal – this paper argues that understanding religion in planning entails understanding religion’s constitutive other: secularism. This position draws on the burgeoning field of secular studies as well as examples of entanglement of religion, secularism, and planning in the United States and France. It problematizes a long-held assumption that good planning is based upon the notion of ‘religious indifference,’ for the assumption is conceptually anachronistic and practically untenable. This paper offers a set of methodological considerations as to how planners can radically rethink this assumption while effectively attending to the religious subjectivities of their constituencies and actively working through the structures of the modern state. The paper concludes by exploring the implications of this analysis for planning practice against the backdrop of recent improvements fostered by the American Planning Association as well as the relevance of this analysis across international contexts.

Designing the Danceable City

Problem, research strategy, and findings: Kevin Lynch envisions the city as a place that supports health, survival, social contact, and vitality. Urban dance is how many Beijing (China) residents achieve these goals. Urban dance has become a popular activity for an estimated 100 million Chinese residents. I ask 4 research questions: 1) Why are people dancing in Beijing? 2) Where does urban dance happen? 3) Why does dance happen in some places but not in others? and 4) Why may urban dance be relevant to American planning? I used open-ended interviews and 2 surveys to evaluate these issues, finding that urban dancers are mostly older women who dance to keep healthy, to enhance positive emotions, and to cultivate a sense of community. Urban dance in Beijing happens primarily in parks and spaces in the transportation infrastructure, although dancers prefer parks because of the clean air and natural environment. Dance groups are forced to move multiple times; they often move to transportation infrastructure, where it is noisy and polluted. Complaints and conflicting demands for open space have led the central and municipal governments to attempt to ban or restrict urban dance. Urban dance continues to persist, however, bringing health, community, and vitality to Beijing’s open spaces and offering an attractive vision to American planners and urban designers. Limitations of this study include the age of the data, which were collected in 2004 through 2006 and in 2007.Takeaway for practice: Urban dance presents challenges to those designing and planning cities, despite providing health benefits to participants. Dance groups must move often because their activities are noisy, and they compete with other users for limited space.